Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Multi-Planar Hierarchy in Pan-American Seismic Fractality: A Bayesian Resolution to the Projection Paradox
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
Earthquake catalogs worldwide exhibit an enduring paradox: seismicity appears confined to planar faults (correlation dimension D2≈ 2.0), yet operates within volumetric lithospheric deformation. We resolve this paradox through Bayesian fractal analysis of 50,010 earthquakes across seven Pan-American tectonic regimes (2010–2025), revealing that apparent planarity reflects instrumental projection [...]
Geospatial Modelling of Vegetation Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration Capacity in Ekiti State, Nigeria Using MODIS Data and CASA Models.
Published: 2026-03-23
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geographic Information Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Sustainability
Accurate estimation of terrestrial carbon sequestration capacity is fundamental to national climate mitigation efforts and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study assessed vegetation dynamics and modelled Net Primary Productivity (NPP) a proxy for carbon sequestration capacity in Ekiti State, Nigeria, over the 11-year period (2014–2024). The study deployed the seasonal and [...]
A community data commons for equitable Earth Science
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Earth observation has entered an era of extraordinary data abundance, yet the analysis-ready, well-documented, reproducible datasets that climate, water, agriculture, and disaster research actually require remain scarce. Every research group that repeats the same preprocessing pays a last-mile cost that falls hardest on the institutions and communities least able to afford it. Here we describe [...]
Mercury
Published: 2026-04-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Data from the Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft, the Mariner 10 spacecraft, and decades of ground-based observations have revealed a wealth of information about the geochemistry of Mercury, the inner most planet in our Solar system. These data indicate that Mercury is an endmember among the terrestrial planets with a core mass fraction of ~71–78% [...]
The 2025 𝑀𝑤 7.1 Tingri (South Tibet) Earthquake: Rupture of Normal Conjugate Optimally Oriented Faults, Shallow Coseismic Slip Deficit, and Early Afterslip
Published: 2026-04-04
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
On 7 January 2025, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck Tingri County at the south of the Tibetan Plateau, China, producing widespread damage in the Lhatse-Sa'gya-Tingri region and adjacent areas. The earthquake ruptured a pair of conjugate north-south striking normal faults in the Dengmecuo graben, and was the largest normal earthquake instrumentally recorded in the region. We use Interferometric [...]
A Global Catalogue of Lunar Topographic Prominence ≥ 1 km
Published: 2026-04-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Sciences
We present the Lunar Ribus Database, a global catalogue of lunar summits with topographic prominence ≥1 km derived from the highest-resolution global and regional digital elevation models currently available. Each summit in the catalogue is reported with summit and key col elevations relative to the global minimum, prominence, key col elevation, and geographic coordinates of both summit and key [...]
k G as a Passive Lithological Compliance Index Derivation from Independent Spectral Residuals and Validation across Seven Lithologies
Published: 2026-04-01
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
We present k G = π × f₀ / (Q × V s ) as a passive lithological compliance index measurable from ambient seismic noise without drilling or active sources. The fundamental frequency f₀ is extracted from spectral residuals after subtraction of the common seismic mode (oceanic microseism), while V s and Q are drawn from published borehole measurements. Using this three-source independent framework [...]
Modeling Legacy Nitrogen Transport Under Instantaneous, Steady-State, and Transient Groundwater Flow Conditions
Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
In hydrologic settings where groundwater discharge contributes substantially to surface waters, legacy nitrogen in groundwater can confound surface water nitrogen loads estimated exclusively from current terrestrial sources. Additionally, legacy nitrogen in groundwater can contribute to lagged responses to nitrogen management efforts. Some methods of estimating groundwater contributions to [...]
SIM4Action: An Interactive Platform for Social-Environmental Systems Mapping and Causal Analysis
Published: 2026-03-25
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies, Hydraulic Engineering, Life Sciences
SIM4Action is an open-source, browser-based platform for participatory analysis of complex socio-environmental systems through interactive causal network graphs. Existing systems mapping tools require practitioners to combine separate software for map construction, network analysis, and causal simulation; none provides an integrated workflow accessible to non-technical stakeholders. SIM4Action [...]
Comparative Machine Learning approach to seasonal ENSO Forecasting with Time-Series Performance Evaluation
Published: 2026-05-07
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important climate phenomena that affects weather conditions worldwide. It influences monsoon seasons, droughts, and crop productivity. Forecasting of ENSO processes is rather difficult since the system is inherently nonlinear. Moreover, the Spring Predictability Barrier limits the predictive capacity of forecasters during the boreal [...]
ForestCast: Forecasting Deforestation Risk at Scale with Deep Learning
Published: 2025-10-31
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Environmental Monitoring
Deforestation is a major threat to biodiversity and the stability of the climate. Current monitoring solutions provide reactive alerts only after deforestation has occurred, rendering them inadequate for prevention. Proactive deforestation prevention necessitates forecasting at-risk areas; however, previous forecasting efforts have been constrained by their reliance on simple statistical models [...]
High-resolution pavement material data can improve estimates of water supply from precipitation to street trees
Published: 2026-06-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Impervious surfaces in urban landscapes strongly influence how precipitation supplies water to trees. Most data on imperviousness are satellite derived restricting our ability to analyze impacts of imperviousness at the scale of single tree catchments: the area covering tree roots. To address this challenge, we compiled a high-resolution dataset for Berlin, Germany, that specifies pavement [...]
Diagnosing subseasonal and seasonal drivers of European and North African winter extremes using information theory
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Diagnosing subseasonal and seasonal drivers of European and North African winter extremes using information theory
The effectiveness and potential cost-savings of operator select to manage brush and thin longleaf pine stands
Published: 2025-08-11
Subjects: Forest Management, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences
We present a case study where loggers thinned and managed brush in longleaf pine stands that went unmanaged for a lengthy period in Trinity County, Texas, USA. Stands were overstocked and had a dense, shrubby understory from years of fire exclusion. Our main objectives were to compare the outcomes and cost-savings of loggers selecting trees to thin, or “operator select”, versus timber marking, [...]
Dust–Cloud Vertical Configurations Influence the Effective Radius of Low-Level Warm Clouds over Marine and Continental Environments
Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Aerosol–cloud interactions remain a major source of uncertainty in climate forcing estimates, partly because cloud responses depend on the location of aerosols relative to clouds; yet for mineral dust, which accounting for about two-thirds of all aerosol mass, the effects of dust–cloud vertical configuration on cloud droplet effective radius remain unclear. Using multi-year observations from the [...]