Preprints
Search for earthquake (504 results)
High-resolution surface velocities and strain for Anatolia from Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS data
Published: 2020-02-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Measurements of present-day surface deformation are essential for the assessment of long-term seismic hazard. The European Space Agencys Sentinel-1 satellites enable global, high-resolution observation of crustal motion from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). We have developed new automated InSAR processing systems that exploit the first ~5 years of Sentinel-1 data to measure [...]
Evaluating the INLA-SPDE approach for Bayesian modeling of earthquake damages from geolocated cluster data
Published: 2020-01-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability
Modeled damage estimates are an important source of information in the hours to weeks following major earthquake disasters, but often lack sufficient spatial resolution for highlighting specific areas of need. Using damage assessment data from the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake, this paper evaluates a Bayesian spatial model (INLA-SPDE) for interpolating geolocated damage survey data onto 1 km2 [...]
Paleotsunami record of the past 4300 years in the complex coastal lake system of Lake Cucao, Chiloé Island, south central Chile
Published: 2020-01-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
In CE 1960, Lake Cucao on Chiloé Island in south central Chile was inundated by the tsunami of the Great Chilean Earthquake (Mw 9.5). The area of what is now the lake basin has been submerged since the end of the rapid postglacial sea-level rise and has recorded tsunami inundations in its sediment record since then. This study reconstructs the tsunami history of Lake Cucao. Reflection-seismic [...]
Back-propagating super-shear rupture in the 2016 Mw7.1 Romanche transform fault earthquake
Published: 2019-12-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
How an earthquake rupture propagates strongly influences potentially destructive ground shaking. Complex ruptures often involve slip along multiple faults, masking information on the frictional behaviour of fault zones. Geometrically smooth ocean transform fault plate boundaries offer a favourable environment to study fault dynamics, because strain is accommodated along a single, wide fault zone [...]
Fault-zone damage promotes pulse-like rupture and back-propagating fronts via quasi-static effects
Published: 2019-12-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Damage zones are ubiquitous components of faults that may affect earthquake rupture. Simulations show that pulse-like rupture can be induced by the dynamic effect of waves reflected by sharp fault zone boundaries. Here we show that pulses can appear in a highly damaged fault zone even in the absence of reflected waves. We use quasi-static scaling arguments and quasi-dynamic earthquake cycle [...]
Centroid moment tensor inversions of offshore earthquakes using a three-dimensional velocity structure model: Slip distributions on the plate boundary along the Nankai Trough
Published: 2019-11-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Due to complex three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous structures, conventional one-dimensional (1D) analysis techniques using onshore seismograms can yield incorrect estimation of earthquake source parameters, especially dip angles and centroid depths of offshore earthquakes. Combining long-term onshore seismic observations and numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation in a 3D model, we [...]
On the statistical significance of foreshock sequences in Southern California
Published: 2019-11-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Earthquake foreshocks may provide information that is critical to short-term earthquake forecasting. However, foreshocks are far from ubiquitously observed, which makes the interpretation of ongoing seismic sequences problematic. Based on a statistical analysis, Trugman & Ross (2019) suggested that as much as 72% of all mainshocks in Southern California is preceded by foreshock sequences. In [...]
The variation and visualisation of elastic anisotropy in rock-forming minerals
Published: 2019-10-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
All minerals behave elastically, a rheological property that controls their ability to support stress, strain and pressure, the nature of acoustic wave propagation and influences subsequent plastic (i.e. permanent, non-reversible) deformation. All minerals are intrinsically anisotropic in their elastic properties – that is, they have directional variations that are related to the configuration [...]
The Earthquake Arrest Zone
Published: 2019-10-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Earthquake ruptures are generally considered to be cracks that propagate as fracture or frictional slip on preexisting faults. Crack models have been used to describe the spatial distribution of fault offset and the associated static stress changes along a fault, and have implications for friction evolution and the underlying physics of rupture processes. However, field measurements that could [...]
Did deglaciation of the Greenland ice sheet cause a large earthquake and tsunami around 10,600 years ago?
Published: 2019-10-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Due to their large mass, ice sheets induce significant stresses in the Earth’s crust. Stress release during deglaciation can trigger large-magnitude earthquakes, as indicated by surface faults in northern Europe. Although glacially-induced stresses have been analyzed in northern Europe, they have not yet been analyzed for Greenland. We know that the Greenland Ice Sheet experienced a large melting [...]
Surface faulting earthquake clustering controlled by fault and shear-zone interactions
Published: 2019-10-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Surface faulting earthquakes are known to cluster in time, from historical and palaeoseismic studies, but the mechanism(s) responsible for clustering, such as fault interaction, strain-storage, and evolving dynamic topography, are poorly quantified, and hence not well understood. We present a quantified replication of observed earthquake clustering in central Italy. Six active normal faults are [...]
Complex Rupture of an Immature Fault Zone: A Simultaneous Kinematic Model of the 2019 Ridgecrest, CA Earthquakes
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The July 4, 2019 Mw6.4 and subsequent July 6, 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest Sequence earthquakes ruptured orthogonal fault planes in the Little Lake Fault Zone, a low slip rate (1 mm/yr) dextral fault zone in the area linking the Eastern California Shear Zone and Walker Lane. This region accommodates nearly one fourth of plate boundary motion and has been proposed to be an incipient transform fault [...]
The 2018 Fiji Mw 8.2 and 7.9 deep earthquakes: one doublet in two slabs
Published: 2019-10-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The cold Fiji-Tonga subduction zone accounts for >75% of cataloged deep earthquakes but none of the largest ten in the last century. On 19 August 2018 and 06 September 2018, a deep earthquake doublet with moment magnitude (Mw) 8.2 and 7.9 struck the Fiji area, providing a rare opportunity to interrogate the behaviors of great deep earthquakes in cold slabs. By cursory examination, the doublet [...]
Redshift of Earthquakes via Focused Blind Deconvolution of Teleseisms
Published: 2019-10-13
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Signal Processing
We present a robust factorization of the teleseismic waveforms resulting from an earthquake source into signals that originate from the source and signals that characterize the path effects. The extracted source signals represent the earthquake spectrum and its variation with azimuth. Unlike most prior work on source extraction, our method is data-driven, and it does not depend on any [...]
Making mountains on Earth and beyond
Published: 2019-10-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Many of Earth’s mountains are formed in orogenic belts aligned along plate margins. Their altitudes (reaching >8,000 m above sea level in the Himalayas) are the result of the balance between tectonic forces causing their uplift and erosive processes causing their destruction. The tectonic forces result, in part, from isostacy which is determined by the plasticity of the asthenosphere, but [...]