Preprints

Search for indonesia (58 results)

Regional disparities and seasonal differences in climate risk to rice labour

Charles Henry Simpson, J. Scott Hosking, Dann Mitchell, et al.

Published: 2021-01-21
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment

The 880 million agricultural workers of the world are especially vulnerable to increasing heat stress due to climate change, affecting the health of individuals and reducing labour productivity. In this study, we focus on rice harvests across Asia and estimate the future impact on labour productivity by considering changes in climate at the time of the annual harvest. During these specific times [...]

Bias correction of global climate model using machine learning algorithms to determine meteorological variables in different tropical climates of Indonesia

Juan Nathaniel

Published: 2020-12-11
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Atmospheric Sciences, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Statistical Models

Accurate and localized forecasting of climate variables are important especially in the face of uncertainty imposed by climate change. However, the data used for prediction are either incomplete at the local level or inaccurate because the simulation models do not explicitly consider local contexts and extreme events. This paper, therefore, attempts to bridge this gap by applying tree-based [...]

Double-difference earthquake relocation using waveform cross-correlation in Central and East Java, Indonesia (Preprint)

Faiz Muttaqy, Andri Dian Nugraha, Nanang T. Puspito, et al.

Published: 2020-11-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology

The Central and East Java region, which is part of the Sunda Arc, has relatively high seismic rates due to the convergence of two major tectonic plates in the Indonesian region; i.e., the Indo-Australian Plate subducting under the Eurasian Plate. Many devastating earthquakes have occurred in this area as a result of the interaction between these two plates. Two examples are the 1994 Banyuwangi [...]

Iron oxide reactivity controls organic matter mineralization in ferruginous sediments

André Friese, Kohen Witt Bauer, Clemens Glombitza, et al.

Published: 2020-07-10
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Ferruginous sediments were widespread during the Archaean and Proterozoic Eons, but our knowledge about organic matter mineralization remains mostly conceptual, as analogous modern ferruginous sediments are largely unstudied. In sediments of ferruginous Lake Towuti, Indonesia, methanogenesis dominates organic matter mineralization despite abundant reactive ferric iron phases persisting throughout [...]

Seismic swarm preceding the 2017 Mount Agung eruption in Bali (Indonesia) enhanced by the matched filter approach

Dimas Sianipar, Emi Ulfiana, Renhard Sipayung

Published: 2020-07-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Intense swarm seismicity took place before the 2017 Mount Agung eruption in Bali (Indonesia). However, the earthquake sequences were not well documented. In addition, there was a substantial delay between the peak of the seismic activity (late September) and the onset of the impending eruption (late November). We applied waveform-based hypocenter relocation and matched filter technique (MFT) to [...]

Excessive seismicity over a limited source: the August 2019 earthquake swarm near Mt. Salak in West Java (Indonesia)

Dimas Sianipar, Renhard Sipayung, Emi Ulfiana

Published: 2020-06-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The triggering mechanism of swarm-like seismicity in the Java Island of Indonesia is generally not well understood. Understanding earthquake swarm phenomena and monitoring in various tectonic settings can be improved by the detection of micro-earthquakes; however, such a catalog is not available due to various reasons including the existing limited seismic network and using an outdated algorithm [...]

Lateral variability in strain along a mass-transport deposit (MTD) toewall: a case study from the Makassar Strait, offshore Indonesia

Harya Dwi Nugraha, Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson, Howard D. Johnson, et al.

Published: 2020-04-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

Contractional features characterise the toe domain of mass-transport deposits (MTDs). Their frontal geometry is typically classified as frontally-confined or frontally-emergent. However, it remains unclear how frontal emplacement style and contractional strain within an MTD can vary along strike. We use bathymetry and 3D seismic reflection data to investigate lateral variability of frontal [...]

Space-time stress variations on the Palu-Koro fault impacting the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake and its seismic hazards

Chang Liu, Yaolin Shi

Published: 2020-03-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

In this study we calculated the Coulomb stress change before and after the 2018 Palu earthquake (Mw7.5) induced by historical large earthquakes on and around the Palu‐Koro fault (PKF) within Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. We found that the 1996 earthquake (Mw7.9) on the Minahassa thrust likely promoted the 2018 Palu earthquake by stress loading on its hypocenter. Stress shadows in the PKF impacted [...]

Inchworm-like source evolution through a geometrically complex fault fueled persistent supershear rupture during the 2018 Palu Indonesia earthquake

Ryo Okuwaki, Shiro Hirano, Yuji Yagi, et al.

Published: 2020-02-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

How does fault slip follow an earthquake rupture front propagating faster than the local shear-wave velocity (i.e., at supershear speed)? How does a supershear rupture front pass through a geometrically complex fault system? Resolving the evolution of such complex earthquake ruptures is fundamental to our understanding of earthquake-source physics, but these events have not been well captured by [...]

The environmental impacts of palm oil in context

Erik Meijaard, Thomas Brooks, Kimberly Carlson, et al.

Published: 2020-01-10
Subjects: Agriculture, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Food Science, Life Sciences, Other Food Science, Other Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15). The production of vegetable oils in general, and palm oil in particular, is perhaps the most controversial illustration of these trade-offs. Global annual demand for vegetable oil for food, animal feed and fuel is currently at 210 million tons1 (Mt), with [...]

Magnetite biomineralization in ferruginous waters and early Earth evolution

Kohen Witt Bauer, James Martin Byrne, Paul Kenward, et al.

Published: 2020-01-09
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Burial of large quantities of magnetite (Fe(II)Fe(III)2O4) in iron formations (IFs) likely contributed to the protracted oxidation of Earth’s surface during the Precambrian Eons. Magnetite can form through a diversity of biological and abiotic pathways and its preservation in IFs may thus be variably interpreted as the result of some combination of these processes. Such interpretations thus give [...]

A.I taking over a global climate mapping platform

Rosnita Rosnita, Christian Mathison

Published: 2019-11-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Note: this is a post-print of a published manuscript in Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia with DOI 10.15294/jpii.v5i2.7677. This study focuses on the improvement of prospective teachers science generic skills in learning for earth and space sciences subject using a laboratory-based model. Research methods were Research and Development used mixed methods design, i.e. Embedded Experimental models. [...]

Does a damaged fault zone mitigate the near-field landslide risk during supershear earthquakes?—Application to the 2018 magnitude 7.5 Palu earthquake.

Elif Oral, Huihui Weng, Jean Paul Ampuero

Published: 2019-10-03
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The impact of earthquakes can be severely aggravated by cascading secondary hazards. The 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu, Indonesia earthquake led to devastating tsunamis and landslides, while triggered submarine landslides possibly contributed substantially to generate the tsunami. The rupture was supershear over most of its length, but its speed was unexpectedly low, between the S-wave velocity Vs and [...]

Skillful seasonal prediction of key carbon cycle components: NPP and fire risk

Philip Bett, Karina Williams, Chantelle Burton, et al.

Published: 2019-09-19
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Seasonal forecasts of global CO₂ concentrations rely on the well-documented relationship with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), combined with estimated anthropogenic emissions. Here, we investigate the skill of the GloSea5 seasonal forecasting system for two carbon cycle processes that underlie the global CO₂–ENSO relationship: the impact of meteorological conditions on CO₂ uptake by [...]

Coseismic or Landslide? The source of the 2018 Palu Tsunami

Amy Williamson, Diego Melgar, Xiaohua Xu, et al.

Published: 2019-09-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

On 28 September, 2018, Indonesia was struck by a MW 7.5 strike-slip earthquake. An unexpected tsunami followed, inundating nearby coastlines leading to extensive damage. Given the traditionally non-tsunamigenic mechanism, it is important to ascertain if the source of the tsunami is indeed from coseismic deformation, or something else, such as shaking induced landsliding. Here we determine the [...]

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