Preprints
Search for indonesia (60 results)
Skillful seasonal prediction of key carbon cycle components: NPP and fire risk
Published: 2019-09-19
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seasonal forecasts of global CO₂ concentrations rely on the well-documented relationship with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), combined with estimated anthropogenic emissions. Here, we investigate the skill of the GloSea5 seasonal forecasting system for two carbon cycle processes that underlie the global CO₂–ENSO relationship: the impact of meteorological conditions on CO₂ uptake by [...]
Coseismic or Landslide? The source of the 2018 Palu Tsunami
Published: 2019-09-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
On 28 September, 2018, Indonesia was struck by a MW 7.5 strike-slip earthquake. An unexpected tsunami followed, inundating nearby coastlines leading to extensive damage. Given the traditionally non-tsunamigenic mechanism, it is important to ascertain if the source of the tsunami is indeed from coseismic deformation, or something else, such as shaking induced landsliding. Here we determine the [...]
Are we in the right path in using early warning systems?
Published: 2019-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This article focusses on the recent tsunami in Indonesia, and the factors led to a large number of fatalities. We also discussed the failure of early warning systems, steps, methods and technologies, in general, to improve the early warning systems in the future to mitigate the loss of lives and property during these impending disasters. This article is timely as Indonesia has seen one of the [...]
Diagnosing spatial biases and uncertainties in global fire emissions inventories: Indonesia as regional case study
Published: 2019-02-28
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Models of atmospheric composition rely on fire emissions inventories to reconstruct and project impacts of biomass burning on air quality, public health, climate, ecosystem dynamics, and land-atmosphere exchanges. Many such global inventories use satellite measurements of active fires and/or burned area from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). However, differences across [...]
Reconstructing the Anak Krakatau flank collapse that caused the December 2018 Indonesian tsunami
Published: 2019-02-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Volcanogenic tsunamis are one of the deadliest volcanic phenomena. Understanding their triggering processes and mitigating their effect remains a major challenge. On 22 December 2018, flank failure of the Anak Krakatau volcano in Indonesia generated a tsunami which killed more than 400 people. This event was captured in unprecedented detail by high-resolution satellite imagery and eyewitness [...]
Explosive eruptions with little warning: Experimental petrology and geodetic observations from the 2014 eruption of Kelud, Indonesia
Published: 2019-01-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Explosive eruptions that occur with little or no precursory unrest pose the greatest hazards from volcanoes to nearby populations. Here we focus on the pre-eruptive conditions for these explosive events, their triggers and how these eruptions evolve. An example of such an event is the 2014 explosive eruption of Kelud volcano, where we have conducted a set of petrological experiments to understand [...]
Wet rice cultivation was the primary cause of the earthquake-triggered Palu landslides
Published: 2019-01-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The death toll and economic impact of an earthquake are greatly exacerbated when landslides are triggered by strong ground motion. These slides typically occur in two different contexts: localized failure of steep slopes that pose a major threat to life in areas below; and lateral spreading of nearly flat sediment plains due to shaking-induced liquefaction, which can damage large areas of [...]
Early and persistent supershear rupture of the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake
Published: 2018-11-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Supershear earthquakes with rupture velocity exceeding shear-wave speeds, previously observed in laboratory experiments and large strike-slip events, often have an initial sub-shear stage before they transition to supershear. In this study, integrated geophysical observations of the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu, Indonesia earthquake, provide robust evidence of an early and persistent supershear rupture [...]
Mangrove pollen of Indonesia and its suitability as a sea-level indicator
Published: 2018-10-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geography, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
We investigated the mangroves of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, to assess their potential as proxies for reconstructing sea level during the Holocene. Initial investigations confirmed that the mangrove species demonstrate zonations parallel to the shoreline and are dominated by the family Rhizophoraceae with Avicennia, Heritiera and Sonneratia also important constituents of the mangroves. We [...]
Seismic observation of tsunami at island broadband stations
Published: 2018-10-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Previous studies have reported seismic observations of tsunami recorded at island broadband stations. Coastal loading by the tsunami can explain them. For further quantification, we model tsunami propagation assuming an axisymmetric structure: a conical island with a flat ocean floor. The total tsunami wavefield can be represented by superposition between an incident tsunami wave and the [...]
The effect of wind stress anomalies and location in driving Pacific Subtropical cells and tropical climate
Published: 2018-03-12
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The importance of subtropical and extratropical zonal wind stress on Pacific Subtropical Cells (STCs) strength is assessed through several idealized numerical experiments performed with a global ocean model. Different zonal wind stress anomalies are employed, and their intensity is strengthened or weakened with respect to the climatological value throughout a suite of simulations. Strengthened [...]
Structure and kinematics of the Sumatran Fault System in North Sumatra (Indonesia)
Published: 2018-02-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Lithospheric-scale faults related to oblique subduction are responsible for some of the most hazardous earthquakes reported worldwide. The mega-thrust in the Sunda sector of the Sumatran oblique subduction has been intensively studied, especially after the infamous 2004 Mw 9.1 earthquake, but its onshore kinematic complement within the Sumatran subduction, the transform Sumatran Fault System, has [...]
Overview to the Regional Thrust Wedge Tectonics in Indonesia: Similarities and Differences in Orogenic Belts
Published: 2018-02-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Overview to the regional thrust wedge tectonics in Indonesia attempts to compile and review geologic settings related to the development of compressive structures. Comprehensive overview will be represented in six orogenic belts of various geologic settings: Langsa Fold-Thrust Belt (North Sumatra Basin), Banyumas Fold-Thrust Belt (Western Central Java), Kutei Basin, West Sulawesi Fold-Thrust Belt [...]
The effect of meteoric phreatic diagenesis and spring sapping on the formation of submarine collapse structures in the Biak Basin, Eastern Indonesia
Published: 2018-01-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The islands of Biak and Supiori, situated in the Bird’s Head region of New Guinea, comprise predominantly Neogene age carbonate units that extend offshore into the adjacent Biak Basin. Unusual geomorphologic features including pockmarks, headless canyons and semi-circular collapse structures identified in multibeam bathymetric imagery occur on the southern margin of the Biak Basin. These [...]
Visions of Volcanoes
Published: 2017-12-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The long nineteenth century marked an important transition in the understanding of the nature of combustion and fire, and of volcanoes and the interior of the earth. It was also a period when dramatic eruptions of Vesuvius lit up the night skies of Naples, providing ample opportunities for travellers, natural philosophers, and early geologists to get up close to the glowing lavas of an active [...]