Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Published: 2023-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The tectonic history of the Himalaya-Tibet Mountain Range records two important extensional tectonic events: 1) N-S extension in the Himalaya-Tibet transition zone, and 2) E-W extension in the southern and central Tibet, manifested in the form of east-west and north-south striking normal faults, respectively. The N-S extensional event (~22 Ma) started to commence earlier than the E-W extension [...]
Published: 2023-03-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The melt viscosity (η) of anhydrous and hydrous peridotite was investigated using a multipronged approach combining micropenetration viscometry, conventional DSC, flash DSC and Brillouin spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy measurements were used to verify the absence of crystallization and/or degassing during high-temperature measurements of these extremely reactive glasses and melts, ensuring that [...]
Published: 2023-03-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The distribution of land and ocean on Earth’s surface shapes the global atmospheric circulation and climate by modulating fluxes of water and energy between the surface and the atmosphere. Here we rearranged land in an idealized climate model to explore the effect of eight simplified continental configurations on global climate, finding several counterintuitive results. The limited capacity of [...]
Published: 2023-03-24
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Warm air intrusions over Arctic sea ice can rapidly change the snow and ice surface conditions and can alter sea ice concentration (SIC) estimates derived from satellite- based microwave radiometry without altering the true SIC. Here we focus on two warm moist air intrusions that produced surface glazing during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate [...]
Published: 2023-03-19
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Widespread distributed fracturing during earthquakes threatens infrastructure and lifelines. We combine high-resolution rupture maps from the five major surface-rupturing strike-slip earthquakes in southern California and northern Mexico since 1992 to incorporate the displacements produced by secondary ruptures into a probabilistic displacement hazard analysis framework. Through analysis of the [...]
Published: 2023-03-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Developed barrier systems (barrier islands and spits) are lowering and narrowing with sea-level rise (SLR) such that habitation will eventually become infeasible or prohibitively expensive in its current form. Before reaching this state, communities will make choices to modify the natural and built environment to reduce relatively short-term risk. Using a new coupled modeling framework, we [...]
Published: 2023-03-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Observations of column water vapor in the tropics show significant variations in space and time, indicating that it is strongly influenced by the passage of weather systems. It is hypothesized that many of the influencing systems are moisture modes, systems whose thermodynamics are governed by moisture. On the basis of four objective criteria, results suggest that all oceanic convectively-coupled [...]
Published: 2023-03-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Interactions between large-scale waves and the Hadley Cell are examined using a linear two-layer model on an
Published: 2023-03-16
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
1. Hydromorphology provides a physical framework for aquatic biocenoses. Its condition directly affects the quality of habitats available for fauna and flora and its assessment is therefore required by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) to assess the ecological status of lake water bodies. 2. In this study, we developed an index of Lake HYdroMOrphology (LHYMO) to provide a quantitative [...]
Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Although earthquakes are a threat in many countries and considerable resources have been invested in safety regulations, communities at risk often lack awareness and preparedness. Risk communication is a key tool for building resilient communities, raising awareness, and increasing preparedness. Over the past two decades, risk communication has evolved significantly. This has led to a [...]
Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate, and high-resolution wave statistics are critical for regional hazard mapping and planning. However, long-term simulations at high spatial resolution are often computationally prohibitive. Here, multiple rapid frameworks including fetch-limited, look-up-table (LUT), and linear propagation are combined and tested in a large estuary exposed to both remotely (swell) and locally generated [...]
Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A large non-double-couple component of a tectonic earthquake indicates that its rupture likely was complex and likely involved multiple faults. Detailed source models of such earthquakes can add to our understanding of earthquake source complexity. The 2007 Martinique earthquake in the Caribbean Sea is one of the largest recent earthquakes with a known large non-double-couple component. It was an [...]
Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We report confirmed impact sources for two seismic events on Mars detected by the NASA InSight mission. These events have been positively associated with fresh impact craters identified from orbital images, which match predicted locations and sizes, and have formation time constraints consistent with the seismic event dates. They are both of the Very High Frequency family of seismic events and [...]
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Modern and ancient hypersaline lakes and oceans have been identified across the solar system, but the habitability and potential of these environments to preserve organic matter remain unknown. Here, we evaluate organic matter production and preservation potential in hypersaline lakes whose chemistries resemble deposits on Mars. We focus our analysis on lipid biomarkers including fatty acids, [...]
Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The biological carbon pump consists of a collection of coupled physical and biogeochemical processes, which together transport large quantities of carbon from the ocean surface to the interior. The efficiency of this transport can vary geographically, and understanding this variation and its causes is paramount, since it impacts how much carbon dioxide is sequestered by the ocean. The [...]