Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

N-S versus E-W extension in the Tibetan plateau: Are they driven by the same dynamics?

Giridas maiti, Arnab Roy, Nibir Mandal

Published: 2023-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The tectonic history of the Himalaya-Tibet Mountain Range records two important extensional tectonic events: 1) N-S extension in the Himalaya-Tibet transition zone, and 2) E-W extension in the southern and central Tibet, manifested in the form of east-west and north-south striking normal faults, respectively. The N-S extensional event (~22 Ma) started to commence earlier than the E-W extension [...]

Viscosity of anhydrous and hydrous peridotite melts

Danilo Di Genova, Dmitry Bondar, Alessio Zandonà, et al.

Published: 2023-03-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The melt viscosity (η) of anhydrous and hydrous peridotite was investigated using a multipronged approach combining micropenetration viscometry, conventional DSC, flash DSC and Brillouin spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy measurements were used to verify the absence of crystallization and/or degassing during high-temperature measurements of these extremely reactive glasses and melts, ensuring that [...]

Continental configuration controls the base-state water vapor greenhouse effect: lessons from half-land, half-water planets

Marysa M. Lague, Gregory Ross Quetin, Sarah Ragen, et al.

Published: 2023-03-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The distribution of land and ocean on Earth’s surface shapes the global atmospheric circulation and climate by modulating fluxes of water and energy between the surface and the atmosphere. Here we rearranged land in an idealized climate model to explore the effect of eight simplified continental configurations on global climate, finding several counterintuitive results. The limited capacity of [...]

Sea ice concentration satellite retrievals influenced by surface changes due to warm air intrusions: A case study from the MOSAiC expedition.

Janna Elisabeth Rückert, Philip Rostosky, Marcus Huntemann, et al.

Published: 2023-03-24
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Warm air intrusions over Arctic sea ice can rapidly change the snow and ice surface conditions and can alter sea ice concentration (SIC) estimates derived from satellite- based microwave radiometry without altering the true SIC. Here we focus on two warm moist air intrusions that produced surface glazing during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate [...]

A probabilistic displacement hazard assessment framework for distributed ruptures from strike-slip earthquakes

Alba Mar Rodriguez Padilla, Michael Eugene Oskin

Published: 2023-03-19
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Widespread distributed fracturing during earthquakes threatens infrastructure and lifelines. We combine high-resolution rupture maps from the five major surface-rupturing strike-slip earthquakes in southern California and northern Mexico since 1992 to incorporate the displacements produced by secondary ruptures into a probabilistic displacement hazard analysis framework. Through analysis of the [...]

The Future of Developed Barrier Systems: Pathways Toward Uninhabitability, Drowning, and Rebound

Katherine Anarde, Laura J Moore, Brad Murray, et al.

Published: 2023-03-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Developed barrier systems (barrier islands and spits) are lowering and narrowing with sea-level rise (SLR) such that habitation will eventually become infeasible or prohibitively expensive in its current form. Before reaching this state, communities will make choices to modify the natural and built environment to reduce relatively short-term risk. Using a new coupled modeling framework, we [...]

The Stirring Tropics. Part I: The Ubiquity of Moisture Modes and Moisture-Vortex

Victor Mayta, Ángel Francisco Adames Corraliza

Published: 2023-03-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Observations of column water vapor in the tropics show significant variations in space and time, indicating that it is strongly influenced by the passage of weather systems. It is hypothesized that many of the influencing systems are moisture modes, systems whose thermodynamics are governed by moisture. On the basis of four objective criteria, results suggest that all oceanic convectively-coupled [...]

The Stirring Tropics. Part II: Theory of Moisture Mode−Hadley Cell Interactions

Ángel Francisco Adames Corraliza, Victor Mayta

Published: 2023-03-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Interactions between large-scale waves and the Hadley Cell are examined using a linear two-layer model on an

LHYMO: a new WFD-compliant multimetric index to assess lake hydromorphology and its application to French lakes

Alexandra Marie-José Carriere, Nathalie Reynaud, Aurore Gay, et al.

Published: 2023-03-16
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

1. Hydromorphology provides a physical framework for aquatic biocenoses. Its condition directly affects the quality of habitats available for fauna and flora and its assessment is therefore required by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) to assess the ecological status of lake water bodies. 2. In this study, we developed an index of Lake HYdroMOrphology (LHYMO) to provide a quantitative [...]

Two decades of seismic risk communication in Europe: a scoping review

Gemma Musacchio, Angela Saraò, Susanna Falsaperla, et al.

Published: 2023-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences

Although earthquakes are a threat in many countries and considerable resources have been invested in safety regulations, communities at risk often lack awareness and preparedness. Risk communication is a key tool for building resilient communities, raising awareness, and increasing preparedness. Over the past two decades, risk communication has evolved significantly. This has led to a [...]

Efficient modeling of wave generation and propagation in a semi-enclosed estuary

Sean Christopher Hunter Crosby, Kees Nederhoff, Nathan VanArendonk, et al.

Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Accurate, and high-resolution wave statistics are critical for regional hazard mapping and planning. However, long-term simulations at high spatial resolution are often computationally prohibitive. Here, multiple rapid frameworks including fetch-limited, look-up-table (LUT), and linear propagation are combined and tested in a large estuary exposed to both remotely (swell) and locally generated [...]

Complex rupture evolution of the 2007 Martinique earthquake: a non-double-couple event in the Caribbean Sea

Kenta Ohara, Yuji Yagi, Ryo Okuwaki

Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A large non-double-couple component of a tectonic earthquake indicates that its rupture likely was complex and likely involved multiple faults. Detailed source models of such earthquakes can add to our understanding of earthquake source complexity. The 2007 Martinique earthquake in the Caribbean Sea is one of the largest recent earthquakes with a known large non-double-couple component. It was an [...]

Two seismic events from InSight confirmed as new impacts on Mars

Ingrid J Daubar, Benjamin Fernando, Raphael Garcia, et al.

Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We report confirmed impact sources for two seismic events on Mars detected by the NASA InSight mission. These events have been positively associated with fresh impact craters identified from orbital images, which match predicted locations and sizes, and have formation time constraints consistent with the seismic event dates. They are both of the Very High Frequency family of seismic events and [...]

Production and Preservation of Lipid Biosignatures in SO4-Rich Hypersaline Lakes of the Cariboo Plateau

Floyd Nichols, Alexandra Pontefract, Hannah Dion-Kirschner, et al.

Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Modern and ancient hypersaline lakes and oceans have been identified across the solar system, but the habitability and potential of these environments to preserve organic matter remain unknown. Here, we evaluate organic matter production and preservation potential in hypersaline lakes whose chemistries resemble deposits on Mars. We focus our analysis on lipid biomarkers including fatty acids, [...]

Seasonal variability in particle flux attenuation in the global ocean generates spatial variability in annual transfer efficiency

Francisco de Melo Viríssimo, Adrian P. Martin, Stephanie Henson, et al.

Published: 2023-03-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The biological carbon pump consists of a collection of coupled physical and biogeochemical processes, which together transport large quantities of carbon from the ocean surface to the interior. The efficiency of this transport can vary geographically, and understanding this variation and its causes is paramount, since it impacts how much carbon dioxide is sequestered by the ocean. The [...]

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