Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Impact Measurement and Application of Conservation System (IMACS)
Published: 2024-06-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This article describes the first “first principals’ based” system of methods for the calculation of environmental (E) and human condition (H) impacts and sustainabilities for all products, services and individuals as a set of universally standardized methods, earlier published as a patent application (1). The overall system allows buyers to select more sustainable products and services, and [...]
Calculation of Individual Sustainable Absorption for IMACS
Published: 2024-06-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This article describes the first universally standardized and first-principals-based method to calculate the amounts of environmental and human resources an individual can use sustainably. The sustainable available resource amount calculated for each resource type used, must be deducted from the individual’s resource consumption to calculate the net resource use of the individual’s labor output. [...]
Marketing Aspects for IMACS
Published: 2024-06-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A series of papers was pre-printed explaining the prior published patent application for a first-principals-based sustainability measurement system. In addition to measuring environmental and human condition impacts, the Impact Measurement And Conservation System (IMACS) automatically applies conservation to participating products sold by participating retailers and purchased by participating [...]
Majority of potable water microplastics are smaller than the 20 µm EU methodology limit for consumable water quality
Published: 2024-06-08
Subjects: Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Microplastic (MP) content in nutrition including potable water is unregulated, although MP concentrations in bottled water can diverge by several orders of magnitude. The EU Directive 2020/2184 on consumable water quality recently proposed methodological approaches to the detection of MPs in potable water in the size range of 20-5000 µm. However, small MPs in the 1-20 µm range are far more likely [...]
Global emergence of regional heatwave hotspots outpaces climate model projections
Published: 2024-06-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Multiple recent record shattering weather events raise questions about the adequacy of climate models to effectively predict and prepare for unprecedented climate impacts on human life, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Here we show that extreme heat in several regions globally is increasing significantly and faster in magnitude than what state-of-the-art climate models have predicted under present [...]
Opening Doors to Physical Sample Data Discovery, Integration, and Credit
Published: 2024-05-31
Subjects: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Microbiology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Systems Biology
Physical samples and their associated (meta)data underpin scientific discoveries across disciplines, and can enable new science when appropriately archived. However, there are significant gaps in community practices and infrastructure that currently prevent accurate provenance tracking, reproducibility, and attribution. For the vast majority of samples, descriptive metadata is often sparse, [...]
STUDY OF THERMOLUMINESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF QUARTZ FOR HIGH RADIATION DOSES (>1KGY): IMPLICATIONS FOR EXTENDING THE LUMINESCENCE DATING RANGE
Published: 2024-05-31
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Quartz is an omnipresent abundant natural mineral, used for luminescence dating. Lately, quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique is widely used to estimate the equivalent doses (De) for dating geological events (up to 250 Gy, limited by saturation). Some works report thermoluminescence (TL) saturation around ~ (10-40) kGy. Still dose estimates for such high radiation dose (HRD) [...]
Unique composition and evolutionary histories of low velocity mantle domains
Published: 2024-05-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The two `large low velocity provinces' (LLVPs) are broad seismic wave speed anomalies in Earth's lower mantle beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean. Recent research suggests they represent volumes that contain relatively dense subducted oceanic crust (SOC), but the distribution of recycled material within them is an open question. Using simulations of 3-D global-scale mantle circulation over the [...]
Future changes in seasonal drought in Australia
Published: 2024-05-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate change is expected to exacerbate the frequency and intensity of drought in many water-limited regions. However, future drought changes in Australia –the driest inhabited continent on Earth– have remained stubbornly uncertain due to a lack of model agreement in projected precipitation changes in most regions. We use an ensemble of future projections from the National Hydrological [...]
Large indirect economic impacts of tropical cyclones shaped by disaster response
Published: 2024-05-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Tropical cyclones (TCs) have direct economic impacts, destroying property, crops, and infrastructure. However, the sign and magnitude of their indirect impacts via longer-term changes in economic output remain unclear. Here we use data on TC winds and county-level income in the U.S. to quantify the indirect impacts of TCs on incomes in the years following a TC. We find a nonlinear response of [...]
Can We Reverse Global Warming?
Published: 2024-05-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Without mitigation, Climate Change is expected to costs large amounts of money, cause vast amounts of human suffering and death and threatens the survival of countless species. Rising global temperatures alone are expected to cause a drop in GDP of 30 – 70% for many countries with already high temperatures. In combination with other factors (population growth, increasing water stress, coastal [...]
Savings and Avoided Costs of Living Carbon Negative
Published: 2024-05-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In order to prevent the biodiversity losses anticipated under business-as-usual (BAU) conditions, and to prevent the associated enormous financial and human losses, the world has to transition to carbon negative economies, where for decades more CO2 will be sequestered than emitted. To abate and possibly reverse global warming, we need to both transition from fossil fuels to renewables (mainly [...]
Randomization of the Earth's magnetic field driven by magnetic helicty
Published: 2024-05-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
It is shown, using results of numerical simulations and geomagnetic observations, that the spatial and temporal randomization of the Earth's global and local magnetic fields is driven by magnetic helicity (ideal magnetohydrodynamic invariant). In the frames of the distributed chaos notion, the magnetic helicity determines the degree of magnetic field randomization and the results of numerical [...]
Predictable recovery rates in near-surface materials after earthquake damage
Published: 2024-05-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Earthquakes introduce transient mechanical damage in the subsurface, which causes postseismic hazards and can take years to recover. This observation has been linked to relaxation, a phenomenon observed in a wide class of materials after straining perturbations, but its duration after earthquake ground shaking has not been constrained. Here, we analyse the effects of two successive large [...]
On the Origin of Holocene Sea-Level Transgressions in Formerly Glaciated Regions
Published: 2024-05-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Over glacial cycles, the growing and shrinking of ice sheets has caused relative sea level (RSL) to differ from global mean sea level (GMSL) due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which depends on the viscoelastic properties of the solid Earth. During the last termination and through the Holocene, GIA-related isostatic uplift caused RSL to fall in regions formerly covered by ice sheets. [...]