Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Estimating Stability Constants and Entropy for Reactions Between Aqueous Metal Ions and Monovalent Oxygen-Bearing Ligands: Applications to Hydrothermal Metal–Organic Acid Systems
Published: 2025-10-02
Subjects: Life Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Linear free energy relations were obtained from existing experimental data and used to estimate stability constants for over 16,000 metal complexes with monovalent oxygen-bearing ligands comprising 75 metal species and 220 ligands. Similar relationships for metal-ligand entropy of association were also obtained which facilitate computation of stability constants from 0 to 125°C for over 6000 [...]
Biomineralisation for Sustainable Ecotoxic Metal Immobilisation via Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation
Published: 2025-10-02
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Heavy metal contamination of water presents a critical global challenge driven by the persistence and toxicity of elements such as arsenic, cadmium and lead. Conventional remediation strategies, such as Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP), typically rely on commercial urease and a multi-step extraction process, which increases energy demand, generates ammonium byproducts, and requires [...]
Trees and Life, Heat and Death: Integrating Temperature and Green Spaces with Social Determinants of Health in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Objectives Climate change has wide-reaching implications for planetary and human health; one of its rising impacts is deaths related to extreme heat. This study attempts to integrate remotely sensed measures of temperature and greenness into the methodology of Code Red, a study examining the relationship between health and a variety of social determinants in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, initially [...]
Development of a Coupled Hydro-Economic Model to Support Groundwater Irrigation Decisions
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Groundwater sustains global agriculture but faces significant pressure from overexploitation, threatening long-term water security. Achieving a balance between agricultural productivity and sustainable groundwater use requires decision-support tools that are both practical and robust. This study develops an accessible farm-level hydro-economic model that integrates groundwater dynamics with [...]
Integrating Environmental Variables and Machine Learning for Wildfire Susceptibility Prediction in Portugal
Published: 2025-09-29
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Wildfires constitute a significant ecological disturbance within Mediterranean ecosystems, exerting profound effects on forest dynamics, biodiversity, and land management practices. The development of precise susceptibility mapping is essential to inform prevention strategies, optimize resource allocation, and promote sustainable forest management by increasing fire pressure. This study employed [...]
Do Coupled Megathrusts Rupture?
Published: 2025-09-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Megathrust earthquakes are among the most destructive and least predictable natural hazards. Kinematic geodetic coupling models, which identify regions of the plate interface where interseismic strain accumulates, are essential for seismic and tsunami hazard assessment. Yet their reliability remains debated: geodetic records are short, offshore resolution remains poor, and earthquake ruptures may [...]
Surface tension estimation of bubble nuclei in magma using spinodal pressure and nonclassical nucleation theory
Published: 2025-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Efforts to estimate the magma decompression rate from the vesicular texture of volcanic products have progressed through the development of theoretical models and laboratory experiments. The theoretical model is based on nucleation theory, with the surface tension between the melt and bubble nucleus being the parameter that most strongly governs nucleation. Since direct measurement of surface [...]
SWOT Satellite Altimetry Observations and Source Model for the Tsunami from the 2025 M8.8 Kamchatka Earthquake
Published: 2025-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
On 29 July 2025 a Mw 8.8 earthquake struck off Kamchatka, Russia generating a Pacific-wide tsunami and marking the largest earthquake since the launch of the SWOT satellite in 2022. We analyze tsunami observations from SWOT together with three nearby DART buoys to resolve the source of the event. SWOT provided the first high-resolution spaceborne track of a great subduction-zone tsunami, [...]
Community Heat Flow Recommendations: Suitable Basal Boundary Conditions for Greenland and Antarctica in ISMIP7
Published: 2025-09-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geothermal heat flow (GHF) influences ice-sheet thermal conditions, affecting ice flow by sliding and deformation. However, GHF distribution under polar ice-sheets remains poorly constrained, with few direct borehole-derived estimates and large discrepancies between glaciological and geophysical models caused by methodological differences and data limitations. As a result, many ice-sheet models [...]
The implications of overshooting 1.5°C on Earth system tipping elements - a review
Published: 2025-09-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Other Planetary Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences, Sustainability
Due to insufficient emission reductions in recent years, it is increasingly likely that global warming will exceed the 1.5 °C temperature limit in the coming decades. As a result, several Earth system tipping elements could, at least temporarily, have their tipping points surpassed, posing risks of large-scale and profound structural change. Tipping does not always occur immediately upon crossing [...]
Breaking the Cycle: Short Recurrence and Overshoot of an M9-class Kamchatka Earthquake
Published: 2025-09-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
M9-class megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones are generally thought to release slip deficits on the plate interface accumulated over centuries. However, the 2025 Kamchatka earthquake (Mw 8.8--8.9) ruptured nearly the same area as the 1952 Mw 9.0 event, as shown by the aftershock distribution. This unusually short recurrence interval challenges conventional seismic-cycle models used for [...]
FLOCCULATION, GRAVITY FLOWS, AND TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON HOTSPOTS IN LAKE: INSIGHTS FROM FLUME EXPERIMENTS
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Lakes serve as one of the significant sinks for organic carbon. For lake deposits, it is generally accepted that water depth is a primary control on the spatial distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) accumulation because the deeper part of a lake potentially has a higher organic population to be settled. However, lake TOC distribution is often spatially variable regardless of water depth, and [...]
The shapes and sizes of macroplastics and other litter in rivers
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Limited data exists on physical and geometric properties of river litter. To resolve this, we reveal the physical-structural relationships of river litter, using two of the most comprehensive datasets generated to date. First, we dissect the properties of river litter using a detailed dataset of over 14,000 riverbank items, for which their dimensions (longest L₁, intermediate L₂, shortest L₃) and [...]
Coastal groundwater level trends reveal global susceptibility to seawater intrusion
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coastal groundwater is a vital source of freshwater that is threatened by overabstraction and rising sea levels. Yet, our understanding of where global coastal groundwater levels (GWLs) are declining and what regions are susceptible to future seawater intrusion (SWI) remains limited. Here, we present the first global, observation-based assessment of coastal GWL trends, using more than 550,000 [...]
Exomorphic Catalysis: A Discipline Dedicated to Energetic Disequilibria and the Activation of Life-Potential in Non-Terrestrial Environments
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
This white paper introduces exomorphic catalysis as a proposed discipline distinct from astrobiology and planetary engineering. Exomorphic catalysis investigates catalytic processes and energy disequilibria in planetary systems without assuming biology as the outcome, focusing instead on the conditions that enable or amplify self-sustaining chemical activation. The framework rests on three [...]