Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Manganese redox cycling drives the epitaxial growth of dolomite on metastable kutnahorite templates
Published: 2026-01-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Fine-crystalline, fabric-preserving dolostones in deep-time successions defy high-temperature burial models, implying an elusive low-temperature formation pathway hindered by the kinetic hydration barrier of Mg2+ and the thermodynamic miscibility gap separating calcite from ordered dolomite. Here, we demonstrate a kinetically facile route to self-assembling dolomite driven by the synergy of [...]
Defects, impurities and inclusion–host interfaces in diamond: an atomic-scale physico-chemical framework
Published: 2026-01-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The term “inclusion” is widely used in diamond research to describe internal features that differ fundamentally in their physical nature. In practice, atomic-scale lattice defects and chemically distinct foreign phases are frequently conflated, leading to ambiguity in the interpretation of microstructural observations. This paper presents a conceptual physico-chemical framework that distinguishes [...]
Filling the gaps between tide gauges: Demonstrating high-resolution seasonal high tide flooding predictions using NOAA’s Coastal Ocean Reanalysis
Published: 2026-01-17
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High Tide Flooding (HTF) is a present and increasing hazard for coastal communities across the United States. NOAA provides HTF outlooks at U.S. tide gauges, however, many coastal communities lie relatively far from a tide gauge and therefore currently lack localized HTF guidance. In this study, we demonstrate an approach to generate spatially-continuous daily predictions of HTF at 400-500 m [...]
A Simple Model for Tidally Forced Standing Waves in a Submarine Canyon
Published: 2026-01-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Submarine canyons are recognized as energetic sites for internal tides and enhanced mixing, yet the mechanisms by which tidal forcing excites these motions remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we develop a simplified theoretical model that represents a canyon as a long, narrow rectangular box. The analysis reveals that the dominant wave modes in this idealized geometry are standing [...]
EVALUATION OF WIND ENERGY RESOURCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE AND CORNWALL COUNCILS, UNITED KINGDOM
Published: 2026-01-16
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study aimed to assess the wind energy potential in the United Kingdom, focusing on the East Riding of Yorkshire and Cornwall Councils. A comparative analysis was conducted by sampling two weather stations from each region to obtain and analyze wind characteristics. The annual energy yield for both regions was calculated over a four-year period. Data analysis involved frequencies, averages, [...]
Introducing Difference: from Euclidean Space to Geological Limits
Published: 2026-01-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Lithotectonic Framework (LTF) provides a systematic approach to describing regional geology in terms of geological history. While LTF has been applied to vocabulary development and regional geological description, its theoretical foundations have remained undocumented. This paper introduces the Spatio-Temporal Framework (STF), which extends Euclidean geometry by adding 'difference' as a [...]
Computation of Regional Groundwater Budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain Aquifer System
Published: 2026-01-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Computation of detailed groundwater flow budgets for subdivisions of Virginia’s Coastal Plain aquifer system has enabled quantification and more thorough understanding of groundwater flow within this important water resource. A zone budget analysis conducted on previously published groundwater models of the Virginia Coastal Plain and Virginia Eastern Shore shows that groundwater conditions vary [...]
Thermodynamically constrained surface energy balance using medium-resolution remote sensing for efficient evapotranspiration mapping
Published: 2026-01-13
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Medium-resolution (10-100 m) satellite evapotranspiration (ET) products are rapidly advancing agricultural water resources research and management, but underperformance across non-agricultural land cover continues to limit broader hydrologic and ecosystem applications. These inconsistencies are often linked to model structure and representation of ET dynamics across space and time. In [...]
Paleolatitude.org 3.0: a calculator for paleoclimate and paleobiology studies based on a new global paleogeography model
Published: 2026-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Paleogeography, and particularly the paleolatitude, provides key context in the interpretation of paleoclimatic and paleobiological data but these fields are typically studied by scientists in different disciplines. To facilitate communication between these disciplines, a decade ago the online Paleolatitude.org calculator was developed. This provided for any coordinate on stable tectonic plates a [...]
Earth as a Reference System for Ultraviolet Transmission Spectroscopy: A Computational Model of Oxygen Detectability
Published: 2026-01-10
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Detecting atmospheres around Earth-sized exoplanets is a critical step toward identifying potentially habitable worlds, yet such atmospheres produce extremely weak observational signals. This study investigates the detectability of an Earth-like atmosphere using ultraviolet transmission spectroscopy and examines which wavelength ranges provide the strongest atmospheric signatures during planetary [...]
Specifying wind gusts based on wind speed increments and forecasting gustiness
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Wind gust forecasting is crucial for mitigating damage to people and property. We define gusts as rapid wind speed changes exceeding application-specific thresholds, and propose forecasting gustiness, that is the number of gusts per time unit. For the forecasting, we employ a correlation between gustiness and variance of wind speed increments, quantified in an analysis of measured offshore data. [...]
Beyond calcite: Crude-urease EICP reveals metal-specific crystallogenetic pathways
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) has emerged as a versatile approach for soil improvement and contaminant immobilisation, yet performance is commonly evaluated from bulk metal removal efficiency while the mineralogical fate of retained metals remains poorly understood. Here, Pb, Co and Cr are compared under identical urease-driven EICP conditions using a crude [...]
Machine Learning Approaches for Estimating Aquifer Hydraulic Properties from Step-Drawdown Pump Tests: A Case Study in Central Valley, California
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a data-driven, scalable framework for estimating aquifer hydraulic conductivity by integrating step-drawdown pumping test data with well completion records using machine learning techniques. The approach applies Random Forest regression and cluster analysis to large regional datasets obtained from the California Natural Resources Agency and the Department of Water Resources Open Data [...]
Spatial Predictor Selection for Next-Day Minimum Temperature Forecasting: An Automated Machine Learning Framework Applied Across European Climate Regimes
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate prediction of daily minimum temperature (Tmin) is critical for frost protection, energy management, and public health preparedness. While numerical weather prediction models have improved substantially, their performance for Tmin forecasting remains limited by difficulties in representing fine-scale nocturnal processes. This study presents an automated framework for identifying optimal [...]
Modeling Lithospheric Radioactivity Influence on Atmospheric Electric Properties relative to Earthquakes
Published: 2026-01-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents a mathematical exploration of the atmospheric electric field components resulting from radon-induced ionization, with implications in the study of earthquake phenomena. By formalizing the general solution to the proposed equations with given boundary conditions, the research offers a comparative analysis of electric parameters across different radon concentrations and radii of [...]