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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A practical metric for estimating the current climate forcing of natural mires

Janne Rinne, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Annalea Lohila

Published: 2025-02-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Commensuration of the radiative effects of different greenhouse gases (GHGs) is crucial for understanding the effects of land cover and ecosystem changes on the global climate. However, none of the current commensuration approaches are suitable for addressing the current climatic effect of mire ecosystems as compared to the situation in which such mires would not exist. The mire ecosystems have [...]

Effects of Stress and Friction Heterogeneity on Spatiotemporal Complexity of Seismic and Aseismic Slip on Strike-Slip Faults

Jeena Yun, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Dave A May, et al.

Published: 2025-02-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Numerical and laboratory models of earthquake cycles on faults governed by rate-and-state friction often show cycle-invariant behavior, while natural faults exhibit considerable variability in slip history. Possible explanations include heterogeneities in fault stress and frictional properties. We investigate how various types of heterogeneity in simulations of quasi-dynamic sequences of seismic [...]

Mid-crustal strain localisation triggered by localised fluid influx and activation of dissolution-precipitation creep

Manon Carpenter, Sandra Piazolo, Timothy J Craig, et al.

Published: 2025-02-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

To understand how the mid-crust deforms is vital in understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of strain localisation, with implications for upper-crust deformation including seismic hazard. Here, we conduct fieldwork and microstructural and chemical analyses on the amphibolite-facies, 100-m-wide Upper Badcall shear zone in northwest Scotland, which deforms initially anhydrous [...]

Managing Smoke Risk from Wildland Fires: Northern California as a Case Study

Karina Chung, Tianjia Liu, Makoto Kelp, et al.

Published: 2025-02-11
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences

Smoke fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from increasing wildfires in the western United States threatens public health. While land managers often prioritize reducing wildfire risk in the wildland-urban interface, the impact on regional air quality from mitigating wildfire spread is less explored. We develop a framework to quantify wildfire contributions to smoke exposure and assess targeted land [...]

Inclusive Qualifying Exams Toolkit

Christy B Till

Published: 2025-02-08
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Doctoral qualifying or comprehensive exams are widely used in the earth and space sciences, yet research on assessment pervasively demonstrates that high-stakes exams are heavily biased and poor predictors of success. To address these issues and work towards broadening participation in these fields, this toolkit presents related-research and strategies for academic units looking to update their [...]

Glacially enhanced silicate weathering revealed by Holocene lake records

Yi Hou, Jotis Baronas, Preston Cosslett Kemeny, et al.

Published: 2025-02-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

How glaciation affects CO2 drawdown by chemical weathering sets the strength of the weathering-climate feedback, which controls the exogenic carbon cycle and planetary habitability (Kump et al., 2000). However, the exact role of glaciers remains elusive as glaciation alters multiple factors controlling weathering, the net effect of which is ambiguous even in directionality. While illustrative, [...]

From Magma Chambers to Magma Oceans: A Unified Model for the Thermo-chemical-mechanical Evolution of Magma Bodies

Tobias Keller

Published: 2025-02-06
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences

Magma bodies play a critical role in Earth's geological evolution, influencing volcanic activity, crustal differentiation, and planetary-scale processes. Understanding their thermo-chemical and mechanical evolution requires models that integrate fluid dynamics, phase changes, and chemical transport. This study presents a new numerical model that couples these processes using a multi-phase, [...]

A New Theory of Global Climate and Ecosystem Change Based on Planetary Orbital Variations

Kebiao Mao, Yuqi Liang, Zijin Yuan, et al.

Published: 2025-02-05
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Traditional climate change research has primarily focused on internal factors of Earth, particularly the impact of human activities on greenhouse gas emissions. This paper proposes the "Mao's Theory of Global Climate and Ecosystem Change Based on Planetary Orbital Variations", which suggests that changes in Earth's climate and ecosystems are primarily driven by the orbital variations of external [...]

The b value as a strain meter: a comparison of the 1982-1984 and 2005-2024 volcanic unrest at Campi Flegrei - Italy

Vincenzo Convertito, Cataldo Godano, Giuseppe Petrillo, et al.

Published: 2025-02-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Campi Flegrei caldera has experienced several episodes of volcanic unrest during the last few centuries, most notably in 1982-1984 and 2005-present. These periods of unrest are characterized by ground uplift, seismic swarms, and increased degassing. In this study, we compare the seismicity and associated b value variations during the 1982-1984 and 2005-2024 unrest periods. The b value is [...]

A simple model for predicting agronomy floods in rice fields in Bicol, Philippines

Xiajing Wei, Jane Girly Balanza, Jeny Raviz, et al.

Published: 2025-02-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Climate change is expected to intensify the impacts of flood events on agricultural production, particularly in flood-prone regions like the Philippines, where rice farming is heavily affected by frequent typhoons. Flood forecasting and early warning systems can aid in mitigating these risks; however, the insufficient coverage of hydrometric monitoring stations and limited computational resources [...]

Cross-equatorial northerly surges associated with extratropical cold surges and tropical variability over the Maritime Continent

Tri W. Hadi, Muhammad Rais Abdillah, Narizka N. Purwadani, et al.

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS) is characterized by a strengthening of northerly moist monsoon winds over south of the South China Sea in the western Maritime Continent. The CENS typically lasts a few days in boreal winter and is frequently reported as a crucial synoptic forcing of heavy rainfall and flood events over northern Java Island. The occurrence of CENS has been generally [...]

Feasibility of Time-Lapse Surface Seismic for CO2 Monitoring: A Case Study from the Decatur CCS Site, Illinois, United States

Shuvajit Bhattacharya, Sujith Swaminadhan, Sahar Bakhshian

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We study the feasibility of time-lapse surface seismic to detect and monitor CO2 plume movement over the time at the onshore Decatur CCS site, United States. We develop and test a workflow, integrating results from subsurface characterization, dynamic flow simulation, rock physics, time-lapse fluid saturation logs, and operational information to model surface seismic responses of the [...]

Large earthquakes are more predictable than smaller ones

Patricio Venegas-Aravena, Davide Zaccagnino

Published: 2025-01-29
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Large earthquakes have been viewed as highly chaotic events regardless of their magnitude, making their prediction intrinsically challenging. Here, we develop a mathematical tool to incorporate multiscale physics, capable of describing both deterministic and chaotic systems, to model earthquake rupture. Our findings suggest that the chaotic behavior of seismic dynamics, that is, its sensitivity [...]

Pre-eruptive reservoir conditions of the peralkaline Rungwe Pumice (Tanzania) Plinian eruption from haĆ¼yne-hosted melt inclusions

Lorenzo Cappelli, Paul A Wallace, Evelyne Mbede, et al.

Published: 2025-01-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The style and explosivity of volcanic eruptions are primarily governed by the interplay between conduit dynamics (e.g., magma ascent rate and degassing efficiency) and pre-eruptive magmatic conditions, both of which influence magma rheology. In highly alkaline magmas (i.e., agpaitic index > 1), the depolymerising effect of alkaline elements lowers melt viscosity at a given temperature, [...]

Enhanced Oil Recovery using carbon dioxide directly captured from air does not enable carbon-neutral oil

Antonio Gasos, Ronny Pini, Viola Becattini, et al.

Published: 2025-01-24
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study evaluates the feasibility of producing carbon neutral oil via CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO2-EOR) coupled with direct air capture. Existing analyses often provide case-specific insights based on short-term operations that do not encompass the full life cycle of reservoir exploitation. In contrast, we propose a novel, top-down approach based on mass and volume conservation, expanding [...]

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