Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Chemical potentials in non-hydrostatically stressed anisotropic phases
Published: 2024-04-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper presents expressions for chemical potentials in non-hydrostatically stressed anisotropic phases. Chemical potentials are here defined as the change in Helmholtz energy on adding a single chemical component to a material while locally preserving total volume, temperature and the shape of the domain. The paper demonstrates that an entire class of chemical potentials can be defined given [...]
An anisotropic equation of state for solid solutions, with application to plagioclase
Published: 2024-04-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper presents a framework for building anisotropic equations of state for solid solutions. The framework satisfies the connections between elastic and thermodynamic properties required by Maxwell’s reciprocal relations. It builds on a recent anisotropic equation of state for pure phases under small deviatoric stresses, adding a dependence on a vector n, whose components ni contain the [...]
Narrow, fast, and "cool" mantle plumes caused by strain-weakening rheology in Earth's lower mantle
Published: 2024-04-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The rheological properties of Earth's lower mantle are key for mantle dynamics and planetary evolution. The main rock-forming minerals in the lower mantle are bridgmanite (Br) and smaller amounts of ferropericlase (Fp). Previous work has suggested that the large differences in viscosity between these minerals greatly affect the bulk rock rheology. The resulting effective rheology becomes highly [...]
Systematic Review of the Geothermal Potential in Colombia: Implications as an Alternative Energy Source
Published: 2024-04-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Through literature review and information processing, the current state of geothermal energy in Colombia, its limitations, possible future uses, environmental impact and the current legal framework were described and analyzed. Approximations were made regarding the sustainability of geothermal energy in the country and its implications. Some of the projects, studies, and research that have been [...]
Linking the oxygen-17 compositions of water and carbonate reference materials using infrared absorption spectroscopy of carbon dioxide
Published: 2024-04-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Joint measurements of the 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios of carbonate minerals and waters are increasingly used to investigate various geochemical, physical and biological processes. Diverse analytical methods, each of them technically challenging in one way or another, have been developed or refined in recent years to measure oxygen-17 anomalies (Δ17O) with instrumental precisions of 10 ppm or [...]
A hybrid approach to enhance streamflow simulation in data-constrained Himalayan basins: Combining the Glacio-Hydrological Degree-Day Model and Recurrent Neural Networks
Published: 2024-04-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Glacio-hydrological Degree-day Model (GDM) is a distributed model but prone to uncertainties due to its conceptual nature, parameter estimation, and limited data in the Himalayan basins. To enhance accuracy without sacrificing interpretability, we propose a hybrid model, GDM-RNNs, combining GDM with Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Three RNN types (Simple RNN, GRU, LSTM) are integrated with [...]
Part 1: Anthropocene Series/Epoch: stratigraphic context and justification of rank The Anthropocene Epoch and Crawfordian Age: proposals by the Anthropocene Working Group
Published: 2024-04-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) has concluded that the Anthropocene represents geological reality and should be linked with the plethora of stratigraphic proxies that initiate or show marked perturbations at around the 1950s, and should be defined using a Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). We propose formalizing the Anthropocene as series/epoch, terminating the Holocene [...]
Part 2: Descriptions of the proposed Crawford Lake GSSP and supporting SABSs. The Anthropocene Epoch and Crawfordian Age: proposals by the Anthropocene Working Group
Published: 2024-04-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This part of the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) submission proposes that the base of the Anthropocene should be defined as series/epoch, terminating the Holocene Series/Epoch with a single Crawfordian stage/age using a Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) in an annually varved Crawford Lake core, Ontario, Canada, defined at 17.5 cm in core CRA23-BC-1F-B at the base of the dark [...]
Late Holocene relative sea-level records from coral microatolls in Singapore
Published: 2024-04-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) data are important to understand the drivers of RSL change, but there is a lack of precise RSL records from the Sunda Shelf. Here, we produced a Late Holocene RSL reconstruction from coral microatolls in Singapore, demonstrating for the first time the utility of Diploastrea heliopora microatolls as sea-level indicators. We produced 12 sea-level index points [...]
FLOWIDER 1.0: a web-based interface to track flood-season water levels of large rivers of India’s Gangetic plains
Published: 2024-04-08
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accessing and analysing flood-season water level data is crucial for monitoring riverine biodiversity and ecosystems. The Gangetic plains are among the largest river floodplains in the world. Temporal flood-season water level data for rivers of the Gangetic basin in India, though available in the public domain, are often scattered across web-based sources and recorded in non-translatable formats. [...]
Evaluation for the Impacts of Numerical Advection Schemes and Turbulence Modeling on Gray-Zone Simulation of a Squall Line
Published: 2024-04-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
With increasing computational power, atmospheric simulations have approached the gray zone resolutions where energetic turbulent eddies are partly resolved. The representation of turbulence in the gray zone is challenging and sensitive to the choices of turbulence models and numerical advection schemes. Some numerical advection schemes are designed with numerical dissipation to suppress [...]
Geostratigraphic mapping of the intrusive Valentine Domes on the Moon
Published: 2024-04-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Lunar intrusive igneous rocks have not been widely studied in the past; this is related to their rare occurrence in the surface of the Moon, and the difficulty to identify them. Most of the known structures of this type were discovered with telescopic images and were identified as intrusive domes, which are characterized by their oval shape, low slope, and subtle effect in the topography. We [...]
Breaking internal waves on sloping topography: connecting parcel displacements to overturn size, interior-boundary exchanges, and mixing
Published: 2024-04-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Internal waves impinging on sloping topography can generate mixing through the formation of near-bottom bores and overturns in what has been called the `internal swash' zone. Here we investigate the mixing generated during these breaking events, and the subsequent ventilation of the bottom boundary layer, across a realistic non-dimensional parameter space for the ocean using three-dimensional [...]
A labeling intercomparison of retrogressive thaw slumps by a diverse group of domain experts
Published: 2024-04-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Deep-learning (DL) models have become increasingly beneficial for the detection of retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) in the permafrost domain. However, comparing accuracy metrics is challenging due to unstandardized labeling guidelines. To address this, we conducted an experiment with 12 international domain experts from a broad range of scientific backgrounds. Using 3m PlanetScope multispectral [...]
Estimating microphysical properties of ice clouds for climate modeling and remote sensing applications
Published: 2024-04-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ice clouds pose crucial challenges in climate model simulations and remote sensing retrievals due to complicated mechanisms of ice cloud formation that span from micro scale to planetary wave scale. Despite numerous attempts to parameterize these processes, many questions remain unanswered. This technical note provides a summary of the most common and recent studies on ice clouds and compiles [...]