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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Predictability and randomization of surface air temperature chaotic dynamics

Alexander Bershadskii

Published: 2025-06-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The surface air temperature daily records at the land-based locations with different climate conditions (from the Arctic to Patagonia) have been studied on the daily to intraseasonal time scales (low-frequency annual and seasonal variations have been removed by subtracting a wavelet regression from the daily records). It is shown that the power spectra of the daily time series exhibit a universal [...]

The 1993 Jerzmanowice event in Poland and the 1908 Tunguska event

Andrei Ol'khovatov

Published: 2025-06-17
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. In this paper its author would like to draw attention to the phenomenon that is sometimes called the Polish Tunguska in the Polish media, although it would probably be more correct to call it mini-Tunguska. In the evening of January 14, 1993, the village Jerzmanowice (about 20 km NW from [...]

Development and Performance Evaluation of a WT-LSTM Hybrid Model for Global Land Meteorological Drought Prediction

Jinfeng Bu, Kebiao Mao, xueqi Xia, et al.

Published: 2025-06-17
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

In recent years, droughts have become increasingly frequent worldwide, leading to issues such as reduced agricultural yields and ecological degradation in various regions. To mitigate the impact of drought on human survival and development, this study utilizes the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of global droughts. The results [...]

Chapter 3.2 - Distributed Volcanic fields

Gabor Kereszturi, Marie-Noëlle Guilbaud, James D.L. White, et al.

Published: 2025-06-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Distributed volcanic fields are typically low magma-flux systems, and occur in every tectonic setting. Their volcanoes are typically but not exclusively small-volume (≤1 km3 of magma). The most typical type of volcanoes associated with volcanic fields include scoria cones, tuff rings, maars, tuff cones, spatter cones, and associated lava flows, in addition to sparse medium-size shields and lava [...]

Simple solar system measurements indicate a weaker than expected relevance of Carbon Dioxide to present day earth temperature.

Chris Barnes

Published: 2025-06-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Recent and newly discovered causes of global warming are discussed especially in the context of lower relevance to CO2. Heat transfer mechanisms are discussed. The link between convective heat transfer and the thermodynamic and planetary hypotheses of Nikolov and Zeller are discussed. It is considered that the maximum surface temperature reached on an airless planetary body ( planet or moon) is [...]

A century of flow and surge history of Sít’ Tlein(Malaspina Glacier), Southeast Alaska

Victor Devaux-Chupin, Martin Truffer, Douglas Brinkerhoff, et al.

Published: 2025-06-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Sít' Tlein (Malaspina Glacier), located in Southeast Alaska, has a complex flow history. This piedmont glacier, the largest in the world of its kind, is fed by three main tributaries that all exhibit similar flow patterns, yet with varying surge cycles. The piedmont lobe is dramatically reshaped by surges that occur at approximately decadal timescales. By combining historical accounts with modern [...]

Determination of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Environmental Samples by Ion Chromatography Method

Archana Tripathy, Haider Khwaja, Mirza Hussain, et al.

Published: 2025-06-13
Subjects: Life Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Ion chromatography using the IonPac AS 11 HC analytical column, a 3.0 mM NaOH eluent, and a conductivity detector offers a straightforward, cost-effective, and rapid method for quantifying six organic acids, Lactate, Formate, Acetate, Propionate, Pyruvate, and Glyoxalate, at concentrations as low as micrograms per liter in environmental samples. The method includes comprehensive details on [...]

Green Hydrogen from Biomass in Kenya: Geospatial Feed-stock Mapping and Decentralized Energy Integration

Leila Bekrit, Auwal Ahmad Musa, Friday Adejoho Ogwu

Published: 2025-06-13
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

As countries race to decarbonize, green hydrogen has emerged as a crucial clean energy transformation vehicle. In Sub-Saharan Africa, sufficient biomass resource potential exists to become an actual feedstock for decentralised hydrogen production, but under-explored are the spatial mismatches between resource occurrences and infrastructure systems. The paper conducts a geospatial assessment of [...]

Limitations of Mw and M Scales: Compelling Evidence Advocating for the Das Magnitude Scale (Mwg)—A Critical Review and Analysis

Ranjit DAS Das, Arindam DAS

Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Abstract Precise determination of earthquake size is cru cial for various geoscientific and engineering applications. The Moment Magnitude (Mw) scale, introduced by Kan amori in 1977, was a significant advancement. Kanamori (1977) advocated use of Mw for large earthquakes (≥ 7.5). (Hanks and Kanamori in J. Geophys. Res. 84:2348–2350) later extended the Mw scale named as M scale by [...]

Comprehensive quantification of production costs for large-scale kelp aquaculture and cost reduction opportunities

Zachary Moscicki, Adam St. Gelais, Struan Coleman, et al.

Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Natural Resource Economics, Other Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A highly realistic techno-economic analysis (TEA) was developed to assess the cost of production (COP, US $ per fresh tonne kelp) for large-scale kelp aquaculture. The TEA resolves feedbacks across structural design and response, operational requirements and decisions, site properties, and biological response. We apply the TEA to a Saccharina latissima farming operation at a 100m deep, 405 [...]

Analysis of temperature anomalies using machine learning, numerical methods and statistical techniques in global and Nepal datasets.

Manjeet Kunwar, Nabin Bhusal, Manil Khatiwada, et al.

Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study analyzes temperature anomalies to compare Nepal’s local trends with global patterns using Berkeley Earth data. Techniques like regression, Gaussian fitting, interpolation, moving averages, Rossler attractors, and spiral graphs revealed cyclical and chaotic climate behaviors. Results show a strong link between Nepal’s climate trends and global patterns, influenced by its unique [...]

Microbial dynamics in an intertrappean lake during the terminal phase of Deccan volcanism

Yogaraj Banerjee, Prosenjit Ghosh, Sajeev Krishnan, et al.

Published: 2025-06-11
Subjects: Education, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Biogeochemical changes associated with Deccan volcanism and their potential link to the K/Pg extinction event are still debated in Palaeoclimate research. Contemporary terrestrial organosedimentary deposits are important archives for understanding the perturbation in the biogeochemical cycling during this critical episode in Earth's history. Here, we report an intertrappean lacustrine carbonate [...]

Quantifying sulfur speciation in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids

Gleb S. Pokrovski

Published: 2025-06-11
Subjects: Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Inorganic Chemistry, Natural Resource Economics, Physical Chemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Quantitative knowledge of sulfur speciation in the fluid phase is key to understanding sulfur degassing from magmas and its transfer along with metals by fluids across the lithosphere. Farsang and Zajacz(1) recently reported new sulfur speciation data using Raman spectroscopy measurements on aqueous H2SO4-NaCl(-KCl) solutions trapped as synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz at 875 °C and 2 kbar [...]

Enhancing daily precipitation reconstruction: An improved version of the reddPrec R package

Adrian Huerta, Stefan Brönnimann, Martín de Luis, et al.

Published: 2025-06-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Reconstructing high-quality daily precipitation series is essential for climate studies, hydrological modeling, and environmental applications. This work presents a new version of reddPrec, a versatile and flexible R package designed to reconstruct precipitation datasets through standard quality control, gap-filling, and grid creation procedures. The update introduces greater flexibility in [...]

A Method to Calculate the Centroid of Areas on a Sphere and its Application to Determining Geographic Centers

Paul William Oxby

Published: 2025-06-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study shows how a method of calculating the coordinates of the centroid of discrete points on a sphere can be generalized to determine the centroid of areas on a sphere by minimizing the surface integral of squared spherical distances. A quadratically convergent algorithm for calculating the coordinates of the centroid is presented. Equations are given to verify that the centroid so [...]

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