Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Trends and ENSO-related variability in Atlantic tropical cyclone intensity and intensification
Published: 2025-02-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Thirty Years of the Open Geospatial Consortium - History, Present, and Future
Published: 2025-02-22
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
For 30 years, the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) has advanced geospatial interoperability through continuous innovation. The OGC provides strategies and Standards that promote adoption, increase efficiencies, create new opportunities, and transform our relationship with the dynamic planet we inhabit. It has fostered global collaborations among companies, governments, academic institutions, and [...]
The Role of Geospatial Intelligence in Modern Military Operations
Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) has become an indispensable tool in modern military operations since it considerably increases situational awareness, strategic decision-making, and operational success. Advanced geospatial technologies have changed military force collecting, analysis, and spatial data interpretation, including satellite imagery, remote sensing, geographic information systems [...]
Using fracture-scarp lineations as kinematic indicators on active normal fault scarps
Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Reliable kinematic (slip vector) data collected from offset piercing points, corrugations or striations, is a key input for fault based seismic hazard assessments. However, it can be difficult to interpret kinematic indicators on degraded fault scarps. In this work, we investigate the orientations and growth history of on-fault fracture networks, which extend into the footwall and have greater [...]
First empirical assessment of ice content from Himalayan rock glaciers.
Published: 2025-02-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate warming in the Himalaya threatens glaciers and permafrost, with severe implications for the future sustainability of the region’s natural ‘water towers’ and connected ecological systems and human infrastructure. Recent work in high mountain environments has highlighted how rock glaciers are prevalent and contain globally valuable water supplies. Yet, over the Himalaya, information [...]
The Importance of Geospatial Technology in Monitoring Plant Health
Published: 2025-02-20
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Solving the problems presented by climate change depends on geospatial technology in great measure. Through shifting pest and disease dynamics, increasing frequency of extreme weather events, and modifying growth circumstances, climate change aggravates problems with plant health. For example, remote sensing data and satellite-based climate models help one to forecast how variations in [...]
Positive isotropic components of the 2025 Santorini-Amorgos earthquakes
Published: 2025-02-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We used full waveforms of the Hellenic Unified Seismic Network (HUSN) regional stations and a frequency range of 0.03-0.06 Hz. We calculated full moment tensors (MTs) and focused on their ISO and CLVD components. In the tested depth range of 1-20 km, the medians of ISO (=VOL) and CLVD are positive, but their 68% confidence intervals are broad due to the tradeoff of the non-DC with depth. When [...]
Controlled Release Tests Results for the Methane Lidar Camera
Published: 2025-02-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Methane emissions detection using continuous monitors enables round-the-clock monitoring to quickly identify emissions from oil and gas facilities. The SLB methane lidar camera participated in Stanford University’s 2024 Methane Controlled Release Campaign to characterize its performance at detecting, localizing, and quantifying methane emissions from different sources. The camera successfully [...]
Pushing and pulling an algal bloom: physical controls of diel variability in nearshore phytoplankton communities
Published: 2025-02-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High-biomass microalgal blooms frequently occur in littoral environments worldwide, often causing noxious effects on aquatic ecosystems and coastal communities. Here, we combine field observations and a simple retention-dispersion model to disentangle the short-term (hours) environmental drivers shaping the nearshore dynamics of such outbreaks. Temperature, salinity, fluorescence, current [...]
Quantifying the contributions of climate change and adaptation to mortality from unprecedented extreme heat events
Published: 2025-02-15
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the mortality effects of the most extreme heat events is central to climate change risk analysis and adaptation decision-making. Accurate representation of these impacts requires accounting for the effects of prolonged sequences of hot days on mortality, the change in that mortality due to anthropogenic forcing, and the potential compensating effects of adaptation to heat. Here, we [...]
Positive isotropic components of the 2025 Santorini-Amorgos earthquakes
Published: 2025-02-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We used full waveforms of the Hellenic Unified Seismic Network (HUSN) regional stations and a frequency range of 0.03-0.06 Hz. We calculated full moment tensors (MTs) and focused on their ISO and CLVD components. In the tested depth range of 1-20 km, the medians of ISO (=VOL) and CLVD are positive, but their 68% confidence intervals are broad due to the tradeoff of the non-DC with depth. When [...]
Cross-Shelf transport by (storm-modified, sandy) hyperpycnal flows in the Eastern Rhenish Massif during the Upper Eifelian, Middle Devonian
Published: 2025-02-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High-resolution sedimentary facies analysis on ten profiles (252.24 m total length) reconstructed a complex depositional system characterised by cross-shelf sediment transport via (storm-modified) hyperpycnal flows in the Unnenberg Formation (Upper Eifelian, Middle Devonian) of the Eastern Rhenish Massif. The hyperpycnal-fed prodeltaic shelf system comprised proximal and distal lobe deposits [...]
A practical metric for estimating the current climate forcing of natural mires
Published: 2025-02-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Commensuration of the radiative effects of different greenhouse gases (GHGs) is crucial for understanding the effects of land cover and ecosystem changes on the global climate. However, none of the current commensuration approaches are suitable for addressing the current climatic effect of mire ecosystems as compared to the situation in which such mires would not exist. The mire ecosystems have [...]
Effects of Stress and Friction Heterogeneity on Spatiotemporal Complexity of Seismic and Aseismic Slip on Strike-Slip Faults
Published: 2025-02-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Numerical and laboratory models of earthquake cycles on faults governed by rate-and-state friction often show cycle-invariant behavior, while natural faults exhibit considerable variability in slip history. Possible explanations include heterogeneities in fault stress and frictional properties. We investigate how various types of heterogeneity in simulations of quasi-dynamic sequences of seismic [...]
Mid-crustal strain localisation triggered by localised fluid influx and activation of dissolution-precipitation creep
Published: 2025-02-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
To understand how the mid-crust deforms is vital in understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of strain localisation, with implications for upper-crust deformation including seismic hazard. Here, we conduct fieldwork and microstructural and chemical analyses on the amphibolite-facies, 100-m-wide Upper Badcall shear zone in northwest Scotland, which deforms initially anhydrous [...]