Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Magma solidification effects during sill emplacement: insights from laboratory experiments
Published: 2024-02-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Igneous sills and interconnected sill complexes transport magma both vertically through the Earth’s crust and laterally over potentially long distances. Although cooling and solidification of magma are acknowledged to play a major role in the propagation and emplacement of sills, their contributions to sill formation remain poorly understood. Here, the effects of solidification on sill [...]
DAS to Discharge: Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) to infer glacier runoff
Published: 2024-02-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Observations of glacier melt and runoff are of fundamental interest in the study of glaciers and their interactions with their environment. Considerable recent interest has developed around distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), a sensing technique which utilizes Rayleigh backscatter in fiber optic cables to measure the seismo-acoustic wavefield in high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we [...]
Azimuthal Variation in the Spectra of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Clusters and its Application to Understanding Fault Zone Structure
Published: 2024-02-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We first show through dynamic rupture models that FDZs can amplify high-frequency waves along directions close to fault strike and the amplified frequency band may be used to estimate the width and velocity contrast of the FDZ. Then, we identify this high-frequency amplification in the spectra of M1.5–3 earthquakes from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence. We cluster the earthquakes by [...]
Physicochemical Factors and Urban Land-Use Characteristics Associated with Resistance to Precipitation in Estuaries Vary Across Scales
Published: 2024-02-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Urban estuaries are subject to frequent stressors, including nutrient loading and hydrological flashiness, which worsen water quality and disrupt ecosystem function. Land use changes associated with urbanization, as well as atypical precipitation conditions can exacerbate stress on estuarine health. However, generalizable patterns and parameters involved in estuarine responses to urbanization and [...]
Possible Mechanisms for Tsunami-like Surge Deposits Due to the Chicxulub Impact at the K-Pg Boundary at the Tanis Site, North Dakota
Published: 2024-02-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
At Tanis, a unique bi-directional sediment package occurs precisely at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) boundary, recording the first hours of the Paleogene in uncommonly fine temporal detail. The impact ejecta-bearing sediment package was rapidly emplaced by two massive, ~10-meter-high, potentially impact-triggered surges, that inundated a steep, deeply incised paleo river valley from the [...]
Characteristics of dynamic thickness change across diverse outlet glacier geometries and basal conditions
Published: 2024-01-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Outlet glaciers in Greenland are undergoing retreat and diffusive thinning in response to external forcings, but the rates and magnitudes of these responses differ from glacier to glacier for unclear reasons. We test how changes in ice overburden pressure and basal lubrication affect diffusive thinning rates and their spatial patterns by conducting numerical experiments over various idealized [...]
Increasing anthropogenic emissions inconsistent with declining atmospheric mercury concentrations
Published: 2024-01-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Anthropogenic activities emit ~2000 Mg yr-1 of the toxic heavy metal mercury (Hg) into the atmosphere, where it can be transported long distances and deposited to remote ecosystems. Existing global anthropogenic emissions inventories report increases in Northern Hemispheric (NH) Hg emissions during the last three decades, in contradiction with the observed decline in atmospheric Hg concentrations [...]
Femtosecond laser texturing as a tool to increase the hydrophobicity of ornamental stone: The influence of lithology and texture
Published: 2024-01-29
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In the field of stone conservation, a very common direct intervention seeks to increase the water repellence of objects. By limiting the interaction between the solid and the water, the possibility of alteration due to the action of the water (liquid or solid) as well as that related to the colonisation of surfaces by organisms is reduced. To decrease wettability, chemicals are often applied to [...]
River Floodplains, Organic Carbon, and Paleoclimate: How River Dynamics Impart Biases in the Biogeochemical Climate Record of Terrestrial Landscapes
Published: 2024-01-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
River floodplains can be both sources and sinks for organic carbon. In the sedimentary record, geochemical signatures of terrestrial water availability record climate and ecology along river corridors in deep time. However, paleoenvironmental reconstructions are often confounded by the complex dynamics of organic carbon residence, entrainment, and deposition in a fluvial system. As alluvial [...]
Non-target screening analysis reveals changes in the molecular composition of the Belukha Ice Core between the pre-industrial and industrial periods (1830-1980 CE)
Published: 2024-01-28
Subjects: Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ice cores are environmental archives that are used to reconstruct past changes in the atmospheric aerosol composition. Most ice-core studies have focused mainly on inorganic species and a few dozen organic molecules. However, organic compounds can account for up to 90% of the aerosol composition, meaning that only a fraction of the organic constituents has been studied, limiting our understanding [...]
Coping with Information Extraction from In-Situ Data Acquired in Natural Streams
Published: 2024-01-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Flood waves propagating in natural streams are highly complex flow situations with intricate dependencies among flow variables that are still not well understood. The most relevant information for deciphering these dependencies is extracted from continuous in-situ measurements acquired through high sampling frequency with special attention to the magnitude and timing of the hydrograph peaks. The [...]
Experimental Modelling of Water-Wave Interactions with a Flexible Beam
Published: 2024-01-19
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A series of fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) experiments is presented for studying water-wave interactions with a flexible beam in a wide range of sea conditions, thereby yielding a repository of FSI test-case data. The aim is to use these experimental data in order to validate FSI solvers commonly employed by the maritime industry in the design of fixed-foundation, offshore wind turbines. The [...]
Seismic stratigraphy of the Guinea Plateau before, during and after the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Gateway
Published: 2024-01-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Guinea Plateau contains a ~200-million-year stratigraphic record, encompassing the mid-Cretaceous opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Gateway (EAG). Here we present new 2D seismic data to constrain the structural and stratigraphic evolution of the plateau. Seismic stratigraphic analysis reveals five megasequences of ~25-65 My duration: M1, a Jurassic syn-rift sequence with prominent [...]
A new structure determination of the magnesium phosphate mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4· 6H2O) at 100 K
Published: 2024-01-17
Subjects: Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The magnesium phosphate mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is of interest for the recovery of phosphorus from wastewaters and for use as a fertilizer in agriculture, yet its structure is still debated. The structure of synthetic single crystals of struvite was characterized through refinement of a single-crystal X-ray diffraction pattern acquired at 100 K with the positions of all hydrogen atoms [...]
Assessment of Hydrochemistry and Groundwater Quality in Ijokodo and It’s Environment, Ibadan, Nigeria
Published: 2024-01-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The study area occurs within the Precambrian basement complex composed of quartzite, quartz-schist, biotite-andbiotite-hornblende-gneiss (migmatite) as the main rock units. Physiochemical assessment of shallow groundwater in Ijokodo area was carried out to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Thirteen (13) groundwater samples were collected and subjected field [...]