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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Linked canyons and fans communicate through a migrating bedrock-alluvial transition

Li Zhang, Gary Parker, Jeffrey Nittrouer, et al.

Published: 2025-06-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The evolution of net-erosional fluvial landscapes is often treated separately from net-depositional fluvial landscapes, using different methods and different data input. Yet these landscapes are often tightly linked by means of a moving-boundary bedrock-alluvial transition. We consider a linked canyon-fan system in the setting of a Basin and Range province, basing our work loosely on Rainbow [...]

Revisiting GPS-Derived Plate Kinematics: Evaluation of the Integration of Plate Motion Models in Terrestrial Reference Frames

Jan Mestan

Published: 2025-06-07
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Tectonic plate motion is a cornerstone of the physical theory of plate tectonics, yet our understanding of lithospheric kinematics increasingly depends on the framework in which measurements are interpreted. With the advent of satellite-based geodesy, particularly the Global Positioning System (GPS), direct measurement of Earth’s surface dynamics has become possible with millimeter-level [...]

Supershear source model of the 2025 M7.8 Myanmar earthquake and paleoseismology of the Sagaing Fault: regions of significant overlap with past earthquakes

Diego Melgar, Ray Weldon, Yu Wang, et al.

Published: 2025-06-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The 2025 Mw 7.8 earthquake on the central Sagaing Fault is one of the most destructive seismic events in Myanmar's recorded history, producing near-fault shaking exceeding Modified Mercalli Intensity X and impacting tens of millions of people across Southeast Asia. We present a detailed kinematic rupture model of the event based on joint inversion of regional strong motion waveforms and [...]

Spatiotemporal dynamics of floodplain patterns during the last 400 years south of Leipzig - A regional scale analysis

Johannes Schmidt, Sophie Lindemann, Felicitas Geißler, et al.

Published: 2025-06-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Remote Sensing, Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Elster-Pleiße floodplain south of Leipzig has undergone significant hydromorphological changes over the past centuries, influenced by both natural processes and anthropogenic interventions. This study employs high-resolution LiDAR-based fluvial-geomorphological mapping (1x1 m resolution) and old maps analyses to reconstruct past river dynamics and identify shifts in channel morphology. [...]

Improving magmatic CO2 reconstruction using X-ray Computed Tomography to accurately quantify melt inclusion volumes and geometries

Helen Thornhill, David Ferguson, Alice Macente, et al.

Published: 2025-06-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

Melt inclusions provide valuable insights into magmatic systems, allowing the study of otherwise inaccessible melts. Trapped volatile contents, commonly in the form of bubbles within melt inclusions, allow direct sampling and study of magmatic volatiles that are otherwise lost due to saturation and degassing. Quantifying magmatic volatiles such as CO2 is a complex process requiring multiple [...]

Vegetation Dynamics and Their Contribution to the Little Ice Age

Nabil H Swedan

Published: 2025-06-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Causes of the Little Ice Age (LIA) have remained a subject of intensive research due to its significance. The causes of the LIA have been largely speculative; however, recent studies suggest that plant and vegetation growth may provide a plausible explanation. The LIA period coincided with an ecological encounter, as humans from the Old and New Worlds exchanged goods and diseases. A significant [...]

Large-sample characterization of flooding events in India

Sai Kiran Kuntla, Manabendra Saharia

Published: 2025-05-31
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Effective flood management requires a robust understanding of past floods. In India, such understanding is largely limited to case studies due to the absence of a standardized observed flood dataset. We address this gap by presenting a national dataset of 7500 flooding events, developed by merging observed streamflow records with official flooding thresholds and augmenting it with multiple [...]

Unsupervised data selection for focused time-lapse inversion in electrical resistivity tomography monitoring

Thomas Hermans, Arne Maene, Corentin Caudron, et al.

Published: 2025-05-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography has become a popular technique to monitor many subsurface processes. Inversions and interpretation often remain challenging because of the presence of noisy data and the superposition of several processes influencing the results. In this contribution, we apply for the first time clustering of data time series prior to the inversion process. We then [...]

Transition from wave- to tide-dominated estuary: An example from the Eocene Urahoro Group, eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan

Ryusei Sato, Hajime Naruse

Published: 2025-05-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Estuarine morphologies are commonly classified into two end-member categories based on dominant sediment transport processes: wave-dominated and tide-dominated estuaries. Although estuaries are generally presumed to retain their fundamental morphotypes throughout their evolutionary history, this study presents the first documented ancient example of a morphological transition from a wave-dominated [...]

Inference of the S- to P-wave velocity anomalies ratio and its uncertainty with an application to South-East Asia

Emile Serra, Christophe Zaroli, Sophie Lambotte, et al.

Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The ratio of shear-wave to compressional-wave velocity variations R (dlnVs/dlnVp) is an important physical parameter to study the thermochemical properties of the Earth's interior. Several approaches have been employed to estimate R (or its inverse 1/R), but they either assume the same local resolution in models of dlnVs and dlnVp or assume the same ray path for S- and P-phases, while at the same [...]

Mainshock Rupture Properties, Aftershock Activities and Remotely Triggered Seismicity Associated with the 2025 Mw7.7 Sagaing Fault earthquake in Myanmar

Zhigang Peng, Xinglin Lei, Dun Wang, et al.

Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A devastating Mw 7.7 earthquake struck near Mandalay, Myanmar, on March 28, 2025, causing extensive damage and casualties across Myanmar and neighboring regions. The 2025 event occurred in a well-recognized seismic gap along the Sagaing Fault. Here we focus on the mainshock rupture properties based on back-projection of teleseismic P waves and early aftershock locations, analysis of near-field [...]

A revised boundary between the Scoor Pelitic Gneiss and the Lagan Mòr Formation in SW Mull?

J Faithfull

Published: 2025-05-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure

The Moine rocks of SW Mull have played a key role in our understanding of the Moine sequence in the NW Highlands. The Mull sequence was thought uniquely, to contain a continuous sedimentary sequence relating the Morar and Glenfinnan units seen elsewhere in Scotland. However, recent work by Krabbendam et al. (2021) and others, suggests that the Mull sequence does contain a major tectonic break, [...]

The Mesozoic Conundrum: Global Albedo Factors Resolve the Lack of Correlation Between Temperatures and CO2 Concentrations.

Ugo Bardi

Published: 2025-05-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Plant Sciences

The "Mesozoic Conundrum" refers to the lack of correlation between CO₂ atmospheric concentration and global mean surface temperatures in Mesozoic climate reconstructions (Judd et al., 2024). Here, I show that Mesozoic forest cover, proxied by carbon burial flux (Nelsen et al., 2016), correlates strongly (R²=0.88, p<0.01) with GMST across the Mesozoic (252–66 Ma before present). The analysis [...]

Subsurface hydrothermal alteration mapping in the Reykjanes Geothermal area using a combined geoelectrical approach.

Lore Vanhooren, Elien Vrancken, Warre Dekoninck, et al.

Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

The dynamic behavior of volcanic hydrothermal systems (VHS) and associated hydrothermal eruptions remains largely unknown, processes in VHS such as the circulation of hydrothermal fluids and formation of caprock give rise to a range of geophysical signals. Here we explore the combined use of three geo-electric methods: electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), induced polarization (IP), and [...]

Observations of Rayleigh and Love wave Azimuthal Anisotropy Across Alaska

Xiongwei Liu, Chuanming Liu, Michael H Ritzwoller

Published: 2025-05-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Using ambient noise data from 10 s to 50 s period across Alaska, we confirm previous estimates of Rayleigh wave 2[psi] azimuthal anisotropy and present the first estimates of Rayleigh wave 4[psi] and Love wave 2[psi] and 4[psi] azimuthal anisotropy, where [psi] is the angle of propagation. As in earlier studies, the fast axis orientations of Rayleigh wave 2[psi] are mainly parallel to major [...]

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