Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Beyond fractures: the role of bedding planes in fluid flow pathways within a well-bedded carbonate sequence
Published: 2024-12-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Conventionally, subsurface fluid flow modelling studies have concentrated on the characterization of fracture networks and their capacity to facilitate vertical and lateral fluid movements. This study utilizes unique field observations of oxidation halos in a well-bedded carbonate sequence in the Paris Basin, France, offering new perspectives on fluid flow pathways. It demonstrates that, in [...]
An environmental modeling algorithm to predict naturalized hydrology and water allocation status at human-influenced gauged sites: case study, Otago New Zealand
Published: 2024-12-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Recent New Zealand legislation requires that regional councils set limits for water resource usage to manage the effects of abstractions in over-allocated catchments. Toward that end, an environmental modeling algorithm is proposed and demonstrated for applicability to sustainable stream management across the Otago Region of New Zealand. This four-layer algorithm includes a Data model, Base [...]
Preliminary Development of Machine Learning Emulators for Long-Term Atmospheric CO2 Evolution
Published: 2024-12-22
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate, Environmental Chemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study evaluates machine learning emulators for modeling long-term atmospheric CO2 evolution by comparing Random Forests (RF) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) in replicating cGENIE Earth System Model outputs over a one-million-year timescale. Using one-year pulse emission experiments spanning 1,000-20,000 PgC with outputs tracked for 106 years, we assessed emulator performance across multiple [...]
Contribution of AMOC Decline to Uncertainty in Global Warming via Ocean Heat Uptake and Climate Feedbacks
Published: 2024-12-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate models vary widely in projections of 21st century global warming and projections of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, the extent to which this uncertainty in AMOC contributes to uncertainty in warming has not yet been quantified. To investigate this, we perform climate model experiments that increase CO2 concentrations while imposing the range of AMOC [...]
Nonlinear carbon feedbacks in CMIP6 and their impacts on future freshwater availability
Published: 2024-12-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Will plants consume more or less water in a high carbon dioxide [CO2] world? What will the hydrologic consequences of those changes will be? Some theories and analyses of earlier generations of Earth System Models (ESM) suggest that transpiration will decline with higher atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2] due to stomatal closure, thereby enhancing runoff and soil moisture and [...]
Groundwater Flooding of Superficial Gravels in an Urbanized Catchment
Published: 2024-12-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Groundwater behavior in superficial gravel aquifers is globallypoorly understood, especially across urban regions where drinking water is sourced from elsewhere. We focus on one such region around Staines, SE UK, where local River Terrace Gravels form a thin (<10 m) superficial aquifer. Our objective was to explain the unusually broad and long-lived distribution of flooding by investigating [...]
Prevalent glacial North Atlantic Deep Water despite Arctic freshwater input
Published: 2024-12-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Changes in the configuration and properties of deep ocean water masses modulated Quaternary climate transitions between ice ages and interglacials. For example, it is thought that North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) was volumetrically reduced during the last glacial period. Yet, reconstructions based on individual types of proxy observations yield diverging results about the past spatial extent and [...]
Favorability mapping for carbon storage in basaltic rocks of the Paraná Basin
Published: 2024-12-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a critical technology to mitigate climate change by reducing atmospheric CO₂. The Paraná Basin, with its extensive basaltic formations, offers potential for large-scale CO₂ storage. However, determining the most favorable areas for CCS remains challenging due to the complex interplay of geological, geochemical, and logistical factors. This study addresses this [...]
Decoding the Eastward Tilt of the Indian Peninsular Plateau: Insights from Geodynamic Modelling
Published: 2024-12-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The eastward tilting of the Indian Peninsular (IP) plateau has been a topic of ongoing debate in geoscience. This study introduces a fresh geodynamic perspective, employing extensive topographic analyses to identify the mechanisms behind this tilting. By analyzing the eastward-flowing river systems in relation to the plateau’s tilt, we constructed a series of east-west topographic profiles using [...]
MinPlotX: A powerful tool for formula recalculation, visualization, and comparison of large mineral compositional datasets
Published: 2024-12-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
MinPlotX is an open-source software for mineral formula recalculation and compositional plotting providing an easy-to-use stand-alone graphical user interface (GUI) as well as an advanced programming interface (API). The aim of MinPlotX is to provide publication-ready tables of mineral formulae and plots of mineral composition. The new GUI-based approach allows for a wider variety of calculation [...]
Stories, Storytelling and Storylines for Geoscience Communication
Published: 2024-12-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geoscientists need to recognize and embrace our role as storytellers, so that we can more effectively use storytelling to advance our science. As narrative-driven storylines become an increasing tool in disaster and climate risk communications, understanding the ‘science’ of stories and storytelling becomes an ever more critical geoscientific skillset.
SC-PREC4SA: A serially complete daily precipitation dataset for South America
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study introduces the serially complete precipitation dataset for South America (SC-PREC4SA), a daily precipitation dataset (1960-2015) designed to address observational gaps and ensure temporal consistency across diverse climates. The raw dataset underwent quality control, gap-filling, and homogenization procedures. Applied robust quality control highlighted common but also overlooked [...]
Internal Oscillations of Tropical Mesoscale Convective Disturbances
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In real-world observations, long-lived tropical mesoscale convective disturbances (MCDs) often exhibit quasi-periodic variations. Previous studies suggested that these variations are mainly induced by external forcings. However, some studies showed evidence that tropical MCDs can display quasi-periodic behavior even without external forcings. In this study, a suite of idealized [...]
Evaluation of Vegetation Bias in InSAR Time Series for Agricultural Areas within the San Joaquin Valley, CA
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Agricultural regions present a particularly difficult set of challenges during interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) displacement time series analyses due to the existence of abrupt transitions in land use over short spatial scales and rapid temporal changes associated with different stages of the agricultural cycle. Plant growth and soil moisture changes can introduce phase biases [...]
An Irish female pioneer in geology: Mary Katherine Andrews (1852 - 1914)
Published: 2024-12-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mary Katherine Andrews (1852–1914) was a woman of her time, a Victorian then Edwardian lady interested in science. Raised in an academic household in Belfast, she did not have the opportunity to attend university, because women were not accepted when she was young. This did not discourage her in developing her scientific interests, and she became an accomplished amateur geologist. The quality of [...]