Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Empirical evidence of dynamic hydrogeomorphic feature inundation in a lowland floodplain
Published: 2024-11-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Floodplains along low-gradient, meandering river systems contain diverse hydrogeomorphic features, ranging from isolated depressions to hydrologically-connected channels. These ephemerally-flooded features inundate prior to river water overtopping all banks, enhancing river-floodplain connectivity during moderately high flow stages. Predicting when and where ecological functions occur in [...]
Evidence for large disturbances of the Ediacaran geomagnetic field from West Africa
Published: 2024-11-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Constraining the paleogeography of the Ediacaran is crucial for understanding the extensive tectonic, biological and geochemical changes that occurred during that epoch. Paleomagnetism is an essential tool for reconstructing the Ediacaran paleogeography but it is complicated because the paleomagnetic data of that age display unusually fast and large directional oscillations. Two main competing [...]
Multiregional accounting of corporate carbon emissions
Published: 2024-11-26
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability
Corporations routinely use environmentally-extended input-output models to estimate and report greenhouse gas emissions upstream in their supply chain. However, the most widely used of such models assume that the structure of supply chains and the emissions intensity of industries match those of a single region—usually the U.S. or the U.K. Here, we use a high-resolution multiregional input-output [...]
Petrological characterisation of magma storage
Published: 2024-11-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Magma storage modulates the explosivity, frequency, and impact of volcanic eruptions, and controls the formation of magmatic-hydrothermal mineral deposits. The architecture of magma storage and plumbing systems, and their eruption triggering mechanisms, are inaccessible to direct observation in active volcanoes. However, they can be accessed through the study of products of volcanic eruptions: [...]
Microplastic transport and settling in the ocean: an interactive online teaching model to communicate scaling in environmental pollution
Published: 2024-11-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Science and Mathematics Education
Microplastics pervade the sea surface, the water column, and the deep seafloor. They are vectors for other pollutants, such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. A question remains as to how microplastics reach the seabed, over what time scales, and where they will end up. Many plastics initially float due to their low density, or to being incorporated into items with air cavities, [...]
Towards centimeter precision SAR-RFID localization
Published: 2024-11-20
Subjects: Engineering, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) shows great potential for earth-sciences applications, notably for landslide surface monitoring at a high spatio-temporal resolution with long-term robustness to meteorological events (rain, fog, snow). The ability to localize RFID tags using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) approach, would offer new possibilites for [...]
Constraints from uranium and molybdenum isotope ratios on the origin of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts
Published: 2024-11-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Most mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) are depleted in highly incompatible elements relative to the primitive mantle, termed normal (N)-MORB. Some MORB, erupted at ridge segments distal from mantle upwellings, are enriched in incompatible elements. The origin of these enriched (E)-MORB is debated, although many studies have argued for recycled oceanic crust shaping their compositions. Uranium (U) [...]
Volcanic and Magmatic Studies Group Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Report 2024
Published: 2024-11-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Volcanic and Magmatic Studies Group (VMSG) aims to provide a constructive, supportive, inclusive and professionally stimulating environment for all members, where all in the community are welcome and valued. In 2020, VMSG published the first VMSG Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Report, which summarised statistics about the gender of attendees and presenters at annual meetings between 2016 [...]
Contrasting impact of irrigation on farmworker heat stress in day and night in intensely irrigated agricultural lands of California
Published: 2024-11-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Farmworkers, the ‘frontline workers’ of our food system, are often exposed to heat stress that is likely to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change. Irrigation can exacerbate heat stress, quantification of which is crucial in intensely irrigated agricultural lands such as the Imperial Valley (IV) in southern California. We present high-resolution maps of wet bulb globe [...]
Dictionary Learning with Convolutional Structure for Seismic Data Denoising and Interpolation
Published: 2024-11-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Signal Processing
Seismic data inevitably suffers from random noise and missing traces in field acquisition. This limits the utilization of seismic data for subsequent imaging or inversion applications. Recently, dictionary learning has gained remarkable success in seismic data denoising and interpolation. Variants of the patch-based learning technique, such as the K-SVD algorithm, have been shown to improve [...]
Pycnocline Stratification Shapes Submesoscale Vertical Tracer Transport
Published: 2024-11-08
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Pycnocline stratification is increasing across multiple ocean basins due to a warming surface ocean and increasing sea ice melt. Pycnocline stratification plays a leading order role in tracer transport, shaping capacity for heat and carbon uptake, making it a key parameter of interest on timescales ranging from paleoclimate to plankton blooms. Part of the challenge in assessing the role of [...]
Micro-CT Characterization of the Chang’e 5 Lunar Regolith Samples
Published: 2024-11-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Chang’e-5 (CE-5) lunar regolith samples were scanned using X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and over 0.7 million particles were extracted from the images through machine learning-based segmentation. This is the largest three-dimensional (3D) image dataset on lunar regolith particles to date, offering a unique opportunity to study the key characteristics of lunar regolith. The image [...]
Regional screening of saline aquifers in the Malay Basin for CO2 storage
Published: 2024-11-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Malay Basin has received significant attention for geological carbon dioxide storage (GCS), but there are no published studies addressing the selection of appropriate deep saline aquifers. This study closes this gap. We process spatial data and use geological modelling and cluster analysis to identify optimal areas for GCS, considering various subsurface characteristics such as temperature, [...]
A dual lake approach reveals the impact of Holocene oxygen availability and climate on molecular proxy records in the sub-Arctic
Published: 2024-11-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ancient DNA and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are new, powerful tools to reconstruct past ecosystems and climate in high-latitude lakes, but often require contrasting oxygen conditions for reliable interpretations. Here, we present a new approach using adjacent oxic and anoxic lakes to 1) better understand how redox potential impacts these proxies using isoprenoid [...]
Time-lapse geophysical responses of hydrogen-saturated rock: Implications on subsurface monitoring
Published: 2024-11-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rock physics modeling and time-lapse geophysical modeling are effective methods to better understand the influence of hydrogen on rock properties and visualize hydrogen plume distribution and its migration direction. We study rock physics responses of hydrogen in a wedge model and a small field test scenario under different injection conditions. In doing so, we develop and test an integrated [...]