Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geospatial Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility Through Machine Learning In Relation to Environmental Indicators Across Global Regions
Published: 2024-10-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Landslides cause over a billion dollars per year in damages and the situation is only exacerbated by climate change. Landslide forecasting, as a result, is key for detecting these disasters. Traditional landslide prediction models often rely on localized data and extensive computational resources, limiting their applicability on a global scale and therefore have an accuracy rate of around 30%. [...]
Carbonated Mantle Lithosphere from the Western Canadian Cordillera
Published: 2024-10-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbonated mantle is a significant source for many alkaline magmas, yet carbonate minerals are rarely preserved in samples of mantle lithosphere. Here, we report the first occurrence of mantle-equilibrated (“primary”) carbonate within spinel peridotite xenoliths from the Pacific Coast Ranges of North America. The xenoliths are hosted in a 19 Ma basanite dyke at Mt. Preston, British Columbia near [...]
Automated underwater image analysis reveals sediment patterns and megafauna distribution in the tropical Atlantic
Published: 2024-10-29
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The deep sea environment comprises diverse flora, fauna and habitats, whose characterisation is key towards our collective understanding of ocean health and resilience. Whereas direct sampling allows for detailed investigation of the vertical variability of seabed characteristics at small spatial scales, optical imaging is suitable for high-resolution assessment of the spatial distribution of [...]
A new 3D temperature model for Ireland from joint geophysical-petrological inversion of seismic, surface heat flow and petrophysical data
Published: 2024-10-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High-quality maps of subsurface temperature and the geothermal gradient are essential when assessing the geothermal potential of a region. However, determining geothermal potential is a challenge when direct measurements of in-situ temperature and thermal property information are sparse. In addition, indirect geophysical methods are sensitive to a range of parameters, not solely temperature. We [...]
Multi-Phase Tectonic and Volcanic Evolution of a Nascent Backarc Rift: Impacts of Spreading Centre Reorientation, Subduction Reversals, Ridge Collisions, and Asymmetric Slab Rollback on the Northern New Hebrides Backarc
Published: 2024-10-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Intra-oceanic backarc are characterized by crustal accretion along seafloor spreading axes; however, little is known about the initial rifting of the over-riding plate prior to the establishment of stable seafloor spreading. To address this knowledge gap, we investigate the ~3.5 Ma backarc troughs in the New Hebrides Subduction Zone. Using available bathymetric data, we developed [...]
Towards surface-wave tomography with 3D resolution and uncertainty
Published: 2024-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Surface-wave tomography is crucial for mapping upper-mantle structure in poorly instrumented regions such as the oceans. However, data sparsity and errors lead to tomographic models with complex resolution and uncertainty, which can impede meaningful physical interpretations. Accounting for the full 3D resolution and robustly estimating model uncertainty remains challenging in surface-wave [...]
A new unit Weibull distribution
Published: 2024-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A new 2 parameter unit Weibull distribution is defined on the unit interval (0,1). The methodology of deducing its PDF, some of its properties and related functions are discussed. The paper is supplied by many figures illustrating the new distribution and how this can make it illegible to fit a wide range of skewed data.
Tropical thermocline helps power Pacific equatorial upwelling
Published: 2024-10-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Upwelling in the equatorial Pacific Ocean exerts a primary influence on the Earth’s climate, but there is great uncertainty on whether this influence will intensify or weaken under global warming. The dominant dynamical theory of equatorial upwelling argues that the easterly trade winds ’pull’ water up towards the surface via Ekman suction. In contrast, studies of decadal variability suggest that [...]
Application of machine learning methods to forecast petrophysical properties in basalts of the Serra Geral Group: Implications for carbon storage
Published: 2024-10-22
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study applies machine learning techniques for forecasting petrophysical properties (density, porosity, and permeability) in the basalts of the Serra Geral Group, located in the Paraná Basin, Brazil. These properties are crucial for the successful implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS), an important technology to combat climate change. Employing machine learning models—XGBoost, [...]
Computational Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Flood Inflows Using Remote Sensing and SWAT: A Case Study of Ban Chat Reservoir, Northern Vietnam
Published: 2024-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines the changes in land cover and three water quality indicators (chlorophyll-a, colored dissolved organic matter, turbidity) using Sentinel-2 imagery in the Ban Chat hydropower area in Northern Vietnam during the period of 2016--2024. To assess the potential impact of flood flows into the Ban Chat reservoir, key information is extracted from remote sensing data, which is the [...]
DARTS: Multi-year database of AI-detected retrogressive thaw slumps in the circum-arctic permafrost region
Published: 2024-10-20
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Retrogressive Thaw Slumps (RTS) and Active Layer Detachment Slides (ALD) are widespread thermal mass-wasting hillslope failures triggered by thawing permafrost. Despite increasing rates of these failures, knowledge about their pan-arctic spatial and temporal distribution remains limited. We present the Database of AI-detected Arctic RTS and ALD footprints (DARTS), the largest hillslope [...]
The Rainy Continental Snow climate: Global comparison with 40 years of snow cover modeled in the Chic-Chocs, northeastern Appalachians mountains.
Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the snow and avalanche climate of the Chic-Chocs region of the Gaspé Peninsula, located in the northeastern Appalachians of eastern Canada. The data revealed two major components of the snow climate: a cold snow cover combined with a maritime influence causing melt/ice layers through rain-on-snow events. The CRCM6-SNOWPACK model chain was good at [...]
Review of Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques: Lithium Redistribution By Pegmatite Weathering
Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The rising popularity of lithium in battery technology and renewable power sources has thus turned attention to Li-Cs-Ta pegmatites for lithium. This review focuses on a description of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for studying lithium-repayment processes during the weathering of such pegmatites. Hyperspectral imaging has the potential to provide a non-destructive method to identify and map lithium [...]
EasyMP™: Diverse and environmentally relevant microplastic reference materials encompassing fragments and fibers
Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The field of microplastic (MP) research has expanded significantly since the terminology’s inception in 2004. Despite the exponential increase in studies, the availability of environmentally relevant MP reference materials (RMs) remains limited, and no certified MP RMs exist. This study addresses the need for diverse RMs by presenting data on MP RMs of fragments (10-100 µm) and fibers (50-1000 [...]
Phanerozoic thermochronology record of Afro-Arabia through space and time
Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Low-temperature thermochronology has been widely used in eastern Africa and Arabia (Afro-Arabia) to investigate the long-term thermal evolution of the crust in response to Phanerozoic tectonism. Yet, utilisation of this invaluable thermochronology record to inform numerical investigations into the long-term tectonothermal, geodynamic and landscape evolution of the region has been limited by the [...]