Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
North American ice sheet persistence during past warm periods should inform future projections
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
How fast sea level rises in the next century will depend on how fast the Antarctic Ice Sheet responds to warming. Projections of future Antarctic Ice Sheet behavior are shaped by the assumption that peak sea level during past warm periods occurred after ice sheets had disappeared from North America. Here we present emerging evidence from paleoceanography and allied disciplines to argue that North [...]
Application of automatic differentiation to the inversion of nonlinear mantle rheology using plate motion and topography
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The rheological properties of the mantle govern plate tectonics and mantle convection, yet constraining the rheological parameters remains a significant challenge. Laboratory experiments are usually performed under different temperature-pressure-strain-rate conditions than those of natural environments, leading to substantial uncertainties when extrapolating the parameters to real-world [...]
The impact hypothesis as a mechanism for the origin of the Amazon basin - analysis of antipodal impacts of celestial bodies and their impact on global morphotectonics
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Amazon Basin is the largest fluvial system on Earth, yet its central subsidence and asymmetrical drainage pattern remain partially unexplained by traditional geological models. This study introduces a novel impact-based hypothesis, proposing that the Amazon depression is a result of tectonic deformation at the intersection of seismic shockwaves originating from two major planetary impacts: [...]
Impact hypothesis as the cause of the formation of the Mariana Trench and the uplift of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Published: 2025-04-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
My dissertation presents an original hypothesis suggesting that the Mariana Trench was formed by an oblique impact of a massive celestial body on Earth’s oceanic crust, and that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge represents its antipodal geodynamic effect. The hypothesis is supported by calculations of impact energy, simulations of shock wave propagation through Earth's interior, and models of mantle [...]
Multidecadal loss of surface thermal structure in the largest marine upwelling ecosystems
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Step horizontal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) occur around upwelling cores, eddies, meanders, current boundaries, island-effect mixing areas, among many other oceanographic features. These thermally structured areas provide ideal turbulence for phytoplankton growth and biomass aggregation, triggering complex and abundant food webs, in turn exploited by populations of marine megafauna [...]
Optimizing data usage in regional body wave tomography by using asynchronous network data and relative sensitivity kernels: an example from Patagonia
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A very frequent approach for studying lithospheric processes is to deploy temporary seismological networks in dedicated areas and to map the mantle structures with different approaches. One of them is the well-established relative travel time body wave tomography. Different circumstances often lead to a non-uniform deployment of stations both in space and time, and a wish to combine data which [...]
Simulation of multiply scattered elastic waves with 3D wave-equation and radiative transfer equation for displacements and their gradients
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this study, we investigate the behavior of seismic waves in a highly scattering medium using numerical simulations of the full wavefield, based on Spectral Element Method solutions of the wave equation. The simulated 3D elastic medium was designed with Von Kármán-correlated heterogeneity, providing a realistic representation of the complexities present in natural seismic environments. We [...]
Infrared Backradiation under low humidity conditions: An Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Impact
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines the impact of greenhouse gases (GHG) on infrared back radiation (IRBR) in extreme desert and midlatitude winter conditions. Employing MODTRAN simulations, pyrgeometer measurements and energy balance fit models, we assess the impacts of CO₂, Argon (Ar), N2O and R-134a. Results indicate that increasing CO₂ concentrations yield a very limited additional IRBR effect, whereas [...]
Oxic conditions in shallow marine settings during the Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction
Published: 2025-04-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The concept that ultra-shallow marine anoxia was a major cause of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction was partly based on sections from the Dolomites (Italy). We test this hypothesis by re-examining the Dolomites record, utilizing an updated redox sensitive trace metal (V, U and Mo) approach, combined with Fe speciation and Th/U ratios, and paleontological observations. Redox sensitive trace [...]
Assessing legacy nitrogen in groundwater using numerical models of the Long Island aquifer system, New York
Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Nitrogen transported along groundwater flow paths in coastal aquifers can contribute substantially to nitrogen loading into surface water receptors, particularly in hydrologic systems dominated by groundwater discharge. Nitrogen entrained in the aquifer is a function of land use and associated nitrogen sources at the time of groundwater recharge, which may differ considerably from present-day [...]
Missing well logs prediction method based on K-nearest neighbors regression
Published: 2025-04-14
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In petroleum exploration, well logs are crucial for reservoir characterization. However, missing well logs frequently occur due to tool failures or economic constraints, which can impede accurate subsurface modeling. This research presents a method for predicting missing well logs using the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) regression algorithm, trained on data from the University of Kansas. The study [...]
Targeting bias in algorithm optimization improves reconstructions of surface ocean pCO2
Published: 2025-04-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In order to fully understand current and future climate impacts from rising carbon emissions, it is crucial to accurately quantify the air-sea CO2 flux and the ocean carbon sink in space and time. Air-sea flux estimates from observation-based data products used in the Global Carbon Budget show a large spread, and suggest a stronger carbon sink than global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs) in [...]
Tidal flexure reveals effective elasticity in grounding zones on the Ross Ice Shelf
Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The grounding zones of Antarctic ice shelves are among the continent’s most dynamic regions, where floating ice shelves buttress grounded upstream ice and tidal forcing drives cyclic flexure at the ice-ocean-bed interface. We use ICESat-2 altimetry and airborne ice-penetrating radar to constrain the effective Young’s modulus E* of ice in the flexure zone at three sites on the Ross Ice Shelf. By [...]
Differential Impacts of Marine Heatwaves and Coldwaves on Air-Sea CO2 Flux Across Global Oceans
Published: 2025-04-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The contrasting impacts of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold waves (MCWs) on the ocean carbon cycle remain insufficiently understood. Based on observational and reanalysis data from 1990 to 2019, this study investigates the global-scale responses of air-sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2) to MHWs and MCWs. Results reveal that MHWs and MCWs exert opposing influences on FCO2, with the magnitude of [...]
How the Magnetic North Pole and Energetic Particle Precipitation Control Earth's Climate
Published: 2025-04-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The hypothesis that the position of the magnetic North Pole (Dip Pole) (latitude) ought to be very highly correlated with global temperature change on Earth has been tested and shown to be correct. The probability of such a correlation happening by chance is close to zero. Moreover, this has likely been the dominant climate driver for the last 2000 years. A Granger causality test shows Pole Shift [...]