Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Numerical and physical instability of subglacial water flow

Katarzyna L P Warburton, Colin R. Meyer, Aleah Nicholson Sommers

Published: 2024-03-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The sliding speed of glaciers depends strongly on the water pressure at the ice-sediment interface, which is controlled by the efficiency of water transport through a subglacial hydrological system. The least efficient component of the system is a `distributed' uniform sheet flow everywhere beneath the ice, whereas the `channelised' drainage through large, thermally eroded conduits is more [...]

Can spinodal decomposition occur during decompression-induced vesiculation of magma?

Mizuki Nishiwaki

Published: 2024-03-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Volcanic eruptions are driven by decompression-induced vesiculation of supersaturated volatile components in magma. The initial phase of this phenomenon has long been described as a phase of nucleation and growth. Recently, it was proposed that spinodal decomposition (an energetically spontaneous phase separation that does not require the formation of a distinct interface) may occur during [...]

The Equator Project Research School and Mentoring Network: evaluated interventions to improve equity in geoscience research

Natasha Joanne Dowey, Anya Lawrence, Munira Raji, et al.

Published: 2024-03-26
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

There is a well-documented racial and ethnic diversity crisis in Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (GEES) subjects in the Global North that leads to inequities in who does environmental research. The Equator project set out to increase participation and retention of UK-domiciled Black, Asian and minority ethnic students in GEES research by developing evidence-based, ring-fenced, fully [...]

An inventory of phreatomagmatic volcanoes in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

Mélida Schliz-Antequera, Claus Siebe, Sergio Salinas, et al.

Published: 2024-03-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The formation of phreatomagmatic volcanoes (PVs) usually involves small volumes of magma but also very violent eruptive activity. Along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) the basic conditions that favor water-magma interaction are provided by the presence of frequent small-volume monogenetic volcanism and several inter-montane lacustrine basins. The TMVB is a Plio-Quaternary continental [...]

Sink of eddy energy by submesoscale sea surface temperature variability in a coupled regional model

Igor Uchoa, Jacob O. Wenegrat, Lionel Renault

Published: 2024-03-20
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Air-sea interaction impacts ocean energetics via modifications to the exchange of momentum and buoyancy. Prior work at the submesoscale has largely focused on mechanisms related to the eddy kinetic energy (EKE), such as the current feedback on stress, which generates negative wind work, or variations in sea surface temperature (SST) that modify surface winds. However, less is known about the [...]

Tracing Andean Origins: A Machine Learning Framework for Lead Isotopes

Anibal Alviz-Meza

Published: 2024-03-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study uses machine learning techniques to facilitate the geolocation of Andean lead isotopes, a novel approach in this geographical context. Two predictive models for latitude and longitude were developed based on the compilation of a database of the lead isotope ratios 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb from multiple Andean provinces. These models were cross-validated using [...]

A review on how Big Data can help to monitor the environment and to mitigate risks due to climate change

Jean-Philippe Montillet, Gaël Kermarrec, Ehsan Forootan, et al.

Published: 2024-03-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Climate change triggers a wide range of hydrometeorological, glaciological and geophysical processes that span across vast spatiotemporal scales. With the advances in technology and analytics, a multitude of remote sensing, geodetic and in situ instruments have been developed to effectively monitor and help comprehend the Earth's system including its climate variability and the recent anomalies [...]

ND70 series basaltic glass reference materials for volatile element (H2O, CO2, S, Cl, F) analysis and the C ionisation efficiency suppression effect of water in silicate glasses in SIMS analysis.

Yves Moussallam, William Henry Towbin, Terry Plank, et al.

Published: 2024-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We present a new set of reference material, the ND70-series, for in situ analysis of volatile elements (H2O, CO2, S, Cl, F) in silicate glass of basaltic composition. Samples have been synthesised in piston cylinders at pressures of 1 to 1.5 GPa at volatile-undersaturated conditions. They span concentrations from 0 to 6 wt.% H2O, from 0 to 1.6 wt.% CO2 and from 0 to 1 wt.% S, Cl and F. The [...]

Executive Summary: The Anthropocene Epoch and Crawfordian Age: proposals by the Anthropocene Working Group

Colin Neil Waters, Simon Turner, Zhisheng An, et al.

Published: 2024-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This is the Executive Summary of a report produced by the membership of the Anthropocene Working Group as part of a submission to the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy to seek formalisation of the Anthropocene as an epoch of geological time. It summarises the content of two reports and their associated appendices which provide a background to: the history of usage of the term Anthropocene, [...]

Assessing the mean output rate (MOR) of past effusive basaltic eruptions - a look at the postglacial volcanism of the Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland

Birgir Vilhelm Oskarsson, Robert A. Askew, Halldór Guðmundsson

Published: 2024-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

Volcanological approaches for assessing the effusion rate of past effusive volcanism are of great importance, to enable proper evaluation of the eruption magnitude and past tectono-magmatic conditions which are relevant for mitigating future volcanism. The reactivation of volcanism on the Reykjanes peninsula in 2021 after an 800-year hiatus, has incited the need for assessing the potential scale [...]

Turbulence and mixing from neighbouring stratified shear layers

Chih-Lun Liu, Alexis K. Kaminski, Bill Smyth

Published: 2024-03-13
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Studies of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) have typically modeled the initial mean flow as an isolated stratified shear layer. However, geophysical flows frequently exhibit multiple layers. As a step towards understanding these flows, we examine the case of two adjacent stratified shear layers {\color{black} using both linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation}. With [...]

Natural sampling and aliasing of marine geochemical signals

Andrew Curtis, Hugo Bloem, Rachel Wood, et al.

Published: 2024-03-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

It is well known that the sedimentary rock record is both incomplete and biased. Correlation between geographically distinct records is problematic in the absence of absolute age constraints, which can profoundly affect interpretations of geological and geochemical data. We use a computational process model to create canonical examples of carbonate-siliciclastic stratigraphic cross-sections from [...]

The Great Oxidation Event (GOE): Biogeochemical Feedback and Tipping Points

Andrew P Ingersoll

Published: 2024-03-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Approximately 1.4 Ga after life first appeared, atmospheric O2 suddenly jumped by more than an order of magnitude over a 20-50 Ma period. The contrast between these two timescales does not seem to be due to any sudden, large-amplitude change in external forcing. However, it could be due to processes intrinsic to the geobiological system itself, namely, positive feedback between atmospheric O2 and [...]

Lunar Crater Detection Using YOLOv8 Deep Learning

Yajnavalkya Bandyopadhyay

Published: 2024-03-08
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

In lunar exploration missions, the detection of lunar craters is essential for scientific inquiry, navigation, and terrain analysis. Conventional approaches for identifying craters depend on labor- and time-intensive manual inspection or semi-automated procedures. An effective and precise way to automate this procedure is through the use of deep learning algorithms. In this brief message, we [...]

Linking local climate scenarios to global warming levels: Applicability, prospects and uncertainties

Benedikt Becsi, Herbert Formayer

Published: 2024-03-08
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Global warming levels (GWLs) are increasingly becoming a central concept in climate change studies. In recent years, their integrative quality for climate change impact analysis has been demonstrated, and methodological advancements have helped to compensate for some inherent shortfalls of the concept. However, their applicability at the regional level is debatable, and no study to date has [...]

search

You can search by:

  • Title
  • Keywords
  • Author Name
  • Author Affiliation