Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Generalizable Lie Autoencoder for Emulating Barotropic Turbulence
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Numerical ocean models rely on the discretization of primitive equations to simulate ocean dynamics, but their computational cost increases drastically with resolution. As an alternative, recent advances in neural networks (NN) have demonstrated promising applications in climate science, offering orders-of-magnitude faster simulations than traditional models through data-driven algorithms that [...]
A Late Miocene Reduction in the Spatial Breadth of Marine Tephra Occurrence: A Five-Basin Test of the Volcanic-Pulse Hypothesis
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Episodic "pulses" of explosive volcanism have been widely invoked to explain climatic and biotic events across the Phanerozoic, but rarely tested against a high-resolution, multi-basin occurrence record. I tested for non-random temporal clustering of explosive volcanism using VOLCORE, a compilation of 34,696 visible tephra layers recovered by ocean drilling from across the world’s ocean basins. [...]
History-free spectral modelling of fractional seismic1 attenuation on fixed self-adjoint operators
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fractional wave models represent power-law attenuation and dispersion, but direct Caputo5 time stepping retains an increasingly long memory. We isolate the fixed-operator case in6 which a prescribed positive self-adjoint semidiscrete spatial operator is queried repeatedly at7 selected output times, receiver locations, or dense-basis source weights. Its fractional tem-8 poral evolution is [...]
Branch-resolved fixed-band near-constant-Q criteria for variable-order fractional seismic attenuation
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We establish a closed-corridor near-constant-Q criterion for variable-order fractional wave operators. In one-dimensional graded media, and in a conditional multidimensional weak-attenuation corridor assuming a standard caustic-free real geometric-optics phase, the branch-normalized local quality factor satisfies \(Q(x,\omega)=Q_0(x)+R(x,\omega)\), [...]
Multiscale land-atmospheric feedbacks intensify hot droughts over global river-basins
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
When drought and heatwave coincide as hot drought, its impacts exceed the sum of individual hazards. The understanding that hot drought intensifies through soil drying is incomplete. We instead find amplification and suppression of hot droughts over both dry and wet soils, with wet (dry) soil-associated amplification (suppression) being the secondary pathway. Moreover, soil-moisture control on [...]
Local thermal externalities of hyperscale datacenters: causal satellite evidence and implied cooling costs
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Hyperscale datacenter construction converts agricultural or greenfield land into continuous heat rejection campuses, yet no causal estimate of the resulting local thermal effect exists. This paper applies a Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) staggered difference-in-differences estimator to spatially differenced Landsat satellite thermal imagery across 59 datacenter sites in the United States, with [...]
An assessment of surface versus underground vault installations of broadband seismometers in the hard-rock terrain of the Deccan Volcanic Province, India
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Surface or ground-level installations of broadband seismic stations are routinely used in temporary seismic networks deployed in the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) of peninsular India. In this study, we assess the feasibility and utility of a shallow vault installation in this region, by installing a broadband station in an urban environment, with the sensor placed $\sim 1$ m below ground level. [...]
Magmatic Fertility Indicators of the Chagai Arc: A Systematic Review of Published Whole-Rock Geochemistry and Implications for Porphyry Cu–Au Prospectivity
Published: 2026-07-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The porphyry copper–gold (Cu–Au) deposits of the world are the primary source for copper and are significant producers of gold and molybdenum, and the genesis is always linked to the geochemical characteristics of the arc magmas from which the deposits crystallised. The Chagai Arc of western Pakistan is a Neotethyan subduction-related magmatic belt with several significant porphyry prospects, [...]
A technical review on underground hydrogen storage potential in porous media: A dynamic reservoir simulation approach
Published: 2026-07-18
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As the global demand for energy continues to climb and the urgency for carbon-neutral alternatives grows, hydrogen becomes increasingly prominent as a clean energy source [1], [2]. The research reviewed underground hydrogen storage potentials, discussing the distinction between the working gas and cushion gas that are critical in maintaining pressure and optimal injection conditions. Emphasis on [...]
Ocean-driven reactivation of basal melt and dynamic instability beneath Pine Island Glacier ice shelf since 2018
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Pine Island Glacier (PIG) is Antarctica's largest contributor to sea-level rise and a major source of mass loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Its ice shelf is vulnerable to incursions of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and has experienced rapid grounding-line retreat, flow acceleration, and increased ice discharge since the 1990s. Here, we reconstruct a 20-year record of basal melt rates [...]
Joint falsification of gravity, magnetotelluric and surface-wave data resolves a fertile-corridor discriminator: the Al Amar suture, Arabian Shield
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A prospective mineral province is defined by deep structure that is known only from sparse geophysical data, and any one dataset permits several geological interpretations. This paper describes a prototype that converts a geologist's written tectonic history into a falsifiable prior on deep petrophysical structure and asks which measurements separate geologically distinct histories. A language [...]
Improving PM2.5 Estimation from Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth Using Boundary Layer Height and Meteorological Variables
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate estimation of surface particulate matter (PM2.5) from satellite observations remains challenging because aerosol optical depth (AOD) represents column-integrated aerosol loading and is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions. This study investigates the relationship between satellite-derived AOD, meteorological variables, and surface PM2.5 concentrations over Mumbai, India, [...]
The tidal-force theory of the Indian summer monsoon
Published: 2026-07-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Science and Mathematics Education
This article elaborates on the theory that both lunar and solar tractive tidal forces generate the wind flows responsible for the ISMR. Monsoon variability shows that the monsoon (ISMR) is not periodic simply on the tropical year or the Gregorian calendar. However, it was observed that the seemingly delayed monsoons of 2004 and 2026 came right on time for the rainy season on the traditional [...]
Applicability of Total Horizontal Potential-Difference Magnitude to 2D Inversion for Dipole-Dipole Array Data in Complex 3D Structures with Strong Resistivity Contrasts
Published: 2026-07-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Complex 3D subsurface structures with strong resistivity contrasts can cause the horizontal electric field to deviate substantially from the survey-line direction. Under such conditions, conventional 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), which relies only on the inline potential-difference component, may yield incomplete inversion results. Although full 3D interpretation using the [...]
On the retreat of lagoon-terminating glaciers: sometimes fresh, sometimes salty
Published: 2026-07-12
Subjects: Geomorphology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coastal lagoon-terminating glaciers flow into water bodies of variable salinity and temperature, shaped by mixing meltwater, ocean water, and ice. They remain understudied yet increasingly important as coastal glacier margins retreat globally. Lagoon salinity influences circulation through interactions with buoyant subglacial discharge. Water temperature, modulated by ocean connectivity and [...]