Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Real-time Forecasting and Operational Control of Perceivable Induced Seismicity in Geo-Energies
Published: 2026-02-25
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geo-energies, including enhanced geothermal systems, geological carbon storage, and underground hydrogen storage, are essential for decarbonizing the energy and heavy industry sectors. However, their widespread implementation is hindered by the risk of perceivable induced seismicity. This review begins by evaluating existing seismic hazard mitigation schemes, particularly the traffic light system [...]
Sub-pixel mapping of disturbance and tree mortality dynamics from Sentinel-2 time series around the globe
Published: 2026-02-24
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Biogeochemistry, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Elevated forest disturbances and excess tree mortality are increasingly reported worldwide. Yet existing assessments are either based on patchy terrestrial observations or on large-scale satellite products, which are limited in resolution to pixel-level, binary tree loss detection. This leaves a blind spot on fine-scale disturbances where only a few trees are declining in an otherwise intact [...]
Backstress governs transient postseismic creep in the continental lithospheric mantle
Published: 2026-02-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the physical processes that control how the continental lithospheric mantle responds to sudden stress changes during the earthquake cycle is essential for interpreting postseismic deformation and constraining the rheological behaviour of the mantle. Laboratory studies have revealed that long-range elastic interactions among dislocations generate backstresses that strongly influence [...]
The Role of Flexure Margins in Controlling Open Fracture Distribution: Insights from Analogue Modeling of Orthogonal Rift and Pull-Apart Systems
Published: 2026-02-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Hydrocarbon exploration in Basement Fracture Reservoirs faces significant challenges in predicting fracture connectivity below seismic resolution. This study utilizes analogue sandbox modeling to compare the spatial distribution of open fractures in orthogonal normal fault systems and pull-apart basins. Methodological innovation is implemented through the use of a 1 mm thick gypsum layer atop 8 [...]
Technical Note: Benchmark time-temperature paths provide a shared framework for evaluating and communicating thermochronologic data interpretation
Published: 2026-02-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a set of six time-temperature (tT) histories, called benchmark paths, that can be used as a shared framework for evaluating the sensitivity of a thermochronologic system to the variables inherent in the interpretation of thermochronologic data (e.g., kinetics models, mineral compositions or geometries, etc.) . These benchmark paths span 100 Myr, include monotonic and nonmonotonic [...]
Inverting InSAR Observations to Estimate Basal Melt Rates: A Grounding‑Line Response Function Approach
Published: 2026-02-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The grounding line hinge position for the Fimbul Ice Shelf (Antarctic Peninsula) was determined using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometric data from June 2023 through October 2024. The data were used to determine the hinge position over eight different time intervals (i.e., SAR Pairs) at an average spatial resolution of 20 meters. The Fimbul Ice Shelf area of interest (AOI) was defined [...]
Channel Change and Sediment Transport in the Puyallup River Watershed through 2022
Published: 2026-02-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
The Puyallup River drains a 990 square mile watershed in western Washington, with headwaters on the glacier-covered flanks of Mount Rainier. Major tributaries include the White, Carbon, and Mowich Rivers. In the levee-confined reaches of the lower watershed, loss of flood conveyance due to sand and gravel deposition has been a chronic issue. Over much of the 20th century, flood conveyance was [...]
A 3-D Hybrid SEM-FK Method for Teleseismic Wave Simulation in Coupled Elastic-Acoustic Media
Published: 2026-02-14
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a three-dimensional hybrid numerical scheme developed for modeling teleseismic plane-wave propagation through coupled acoustic–elastic media. This approach integrates the 3-D spectral-element method (SEM) with a matrix-based frequency–wavenumber (FK) method, enabling the rigorous treatment of complex bathymetry and precise elastic–acoustic coupling within layered media. To facilitate [...]
Multi-Sensor Fusion of Sentinel-2 Imagery and ICESat-2 Satellite Laser Bathymetry for Benthic Habitat Classification in Key Largo, Florida Keys
Published: 2026-02-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Multispectral imagery has traditionally been used to classify benthic habitats; however, many challenges exist when using this method alone including the overlap of spectral signatures among habitat types, and the loss of signal due to water depth in coastal areas. The authors propose an innovative method that combines multispectral imagery from Sentinel-2 (Tile 17RNJ, January 30, 2024) with [...]
Mid-crustal Origin of Alkaline Magmas in the Arosa Zone: Evidence from Primary Analcime and Xenolith Interaction at the Rothplattenbach Complex (Germany)
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The petrogenetic evolution of the alkaline magmatic rocks of the Rothplattenbach Complex was investigated by X-ray diffraction phase analysis and crystallographic lattice-parameter determination. The study focuses on the identification of primary analcime occurring in paragenesis with Ca-rich plagioclase (An₇₇) and diopsidic clinopyroxene. Phase-equilibrium modelling indicates that magma [...]
The Role of Narrow Cold Frontal Rainbands on Flooding in Urban Southern California
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Narrow cold frontal rainbands (NCFRs) bring brief but intense periods of rain during wintertime extratropical cyclones in Southern California. Much is known about the meteorology behind NCFRs, but little is known about NCFRs that ties together the meteorology and hydrology of urbanized watersheds. In this study, we assessed the extent of flooding in urban Southern California caused by NCFRs. We [...]
Resonant Platform Response and Vertical Velocity Biases in ADCP Measurements from Quasi-Lagrangian Platforms
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Autonomous surface and subsurface platforms equipped with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are increasingly used to observe ocean velocities, but in the presence of surface waves these measurements can be biased by orbital motion and wave-induced platform tilting. Previous work quantified such biases for idealized platform responses that were in phase with the wave forcing. Here we [...]
From Data to Policy : Strengthening Essential Climate Variable Monitoring with Deep Learning Algorithms and Data Quality Standards
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) are critical for understanding and monitoring climate systems, providing important data to assess climate change and supporting policy formulation. This review emphasizes the importance of ensuring data quality, traceability, and consistency to derive reliable features from ECV datasets, addressing challenges such as temporal and spatial coverage gaps, [...]
Two-thirds of global coastline affected by climate-driven saline groundwater intrusion by end of century, reaching far inland by 2300
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fresh groundwater is a vital resource along global coastlines where already over a third of the world’s population lives. Saline groundwater intrusion, driven by sea-level rise, groundwater abstraction, and reduced recharge, threatens the potability of coastal groundwater. Yet, the global potential for intrusion remains uncertain. Using a global groundwater model, we assess climate-driven saline [...]
Exploring the sensitivity of the vanadium redox proxy to Fe/Mn-(oxyhydr)oxide cycling in a basinal oxic margin setting
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurately interpreting the redox state of ancient seawater using the Vanadium (V) paleo-redox proxy requires us to have a comprehensive understanding of the sinks that might impact vanadium’s cycling in the ancient ocean. Ferromanganese (oxyhydr)oxides accumulating in sediments beneath oxic seawater probably constitute the largest modern sink of marine V. In many oxic sediment sinks, V [...]