Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Temporal Analysis of Site-Level Methane Emissions from Nearly One Thousand Upstream Oil and Gas Facilities Equipped with Fixed-Point Continuous Monitoring Systems
Published: 2026-03-19
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Temporal variability in methane emissions from oil and gas facilities may significantly impact the accuracy of measurement-based emissions inventories and the effectiveness of measurement-based mitigation policies. Yet the existing knowledge of duration, frequency, and magnitude of emission events remains very limited. A deeper understanding of these temporal characteristics is therefore [...]
Comparison of probabilistic approaches to acoustic full-waveform inversion in compressed model and data spaces
Published: 2026-03-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Full-waveform inversion estimates subsurface properties by minimizing the misfit between observed and modelled data. However, conventional deterministic approaches are highly sensitive to noise, dependent on the starting model and prone to converging to local minima of the cost function. Bayesian approaches offer a viable alternative, enhancing solution space exploration and providing uncertainty [...]
Leveraging synthetic data for deep learning denoising and prediction of measured earthquake waveforms
Published: 2026-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Single-station recordings of teleseismic earthquakes are inherently complex due to the superposition of numerous seismic phases and their contamination with noise, which can be particularly problematic in urban environments. A detailed knowledge of the wavefield generated by teleseismic earthquakes is critical for high-precision research facilities like those involved in photon science or gravity [...]
Kelvin-Helmholtz Stability Analysis as a Function of Dipole Tilt and Solar Wind Property
Published: 2026-03-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Beyond efficiency: Sufficiency unlocks deep decarbonization of U.S. residential sector
Published: 2026-03-17
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Residential decarbonization strategies in the United States have focused predominantly on energy efficiency measures such as heat pump adoption and building envelope upgrades, while sufficiency—avoiding unnecessary energy demand while ensuring well-being—remains largely unrepresented in quantitative national scenarios. Here, we assess the effects of structural sufficiency (i.e., moderating [...]
Melt sustains pre-monsoon flow while groundwater drives the monsoon in the Nepal Himalayas
Published: 2026-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Himalayan water-security assessments often focus on glacier retreat, yet groundwater may supply much of river flow. We combine seismic observations from the Hi-CLIMB transect across Nepal (2002–2004) with gauged discharge, satellite precipitation, and glacier-cover inventories to resolve when streamflow is sustained by melt versus groundwater. Relative seismic velocity changes track hillslope [...]
THE ROLE OF IRON CENTERS IN COAL OXIDATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF SURFACE ACTIVE SITE DENSITY
Published: 2026-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Iron in coals occurs in various forms (pyrite, ultradispersed particles, ions in the carbon matrix) and plays a key role in oxidation processes, spontaneous combustion, liquefaction, and gasification. Although extensive experimental data have accumulated over recent decades, a systematic generalization linking quantitative estimates of the surface density of catalytically active Fe centers to [...]
The 1908 Tunguska event and some mini-Tunguskas
Published: 2026-03-14
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. This paper is devoted to several events which can be called as mini-Tunguskas. Their manifestations are in some ways similar to the 1908 Tunguska event, only on a much smaller scale. Often initially such events were interpreted as meteoroidal bolides or even meteorite falls. However, the [...]
A Physics-Informed Data Science Approach to Quantifying Rain-Snow Fraction Dynamics in the Central Himalayas
Published: 2026-03-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mountain studies worldwide have documented increases in rainfall fraction as an impact of climate change. Most mountain systems show an increasing trend in rainfall fraction due to shifting snow precipitation to rain. In Nepal, which occupies an 800 km-long belt of the Hindu Kush Himalaya, the precipitation phase trend is not well known. This study conducts a precipitation phase study in the [...]
Interpretable Relations between Tropical Sea Surface Temperature and U.S. Precipitation in Winter Season Forecasts
Published: 2026-03-13
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We explore the large-scale relations between anomalies of global tropical sea surface temperature (SST) and U.S. precipitation to assess the sources of December-February (DJF) predictability and skill. Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is applied to forecasts from NOAA's latest seasonal prediction system, the Seamless System for Prediction and EArth System Research (SPEAR). We find that DJF [...]
Complete electrification worsens the net energy prospects of a transition based on wind and solar energy.
Published: 2026-03-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mitigating climate change largely relies on substituting fossil fuels with low-carbon, electricity-producing energy sources. This mass electrification deeply alters sectoral energy demand, as some sectors can be more efficiently electrified than others. Building transition infrastructure – such as solar and wind farms, grid extensions, and electric vehicles – at a sufficient pace to achieve [...]
Multi-decadal Barrier Island Fate Varies as a Function of Management Strategy
Published: 2026-03-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Barrier islands are highly dynamic components of sandy coastlines, making up 10% of coastlines globally. Barriers provide recreational opportunities, protect mainland communities from storms, support tourism, and provide ecologically important habitat. Using a spatially explicit barrier island model, CASCADE, calibrated to represent the historical dynamics of Ocracoke, a barrier island in the [...]
Evaluating global spectral unmixing techniques using imaging spectroscopy data for retrieval of green, non-photosynthetic vegetation, and soil fractional cover
Published: 2026-03-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Remote Sensing, Soil Science
Global estimates of fractional cover of green vegetation (GV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and soil provide valuable information about the Earth system. As the new generation of Earth visible-to-shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometers take orbit, global fractional cover data will be obtainable with new and improved spectral unmixing algorithms. Using an ASD Field Spectrometer [...]
HIGH-RESOLUTION DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL FOR THE ITALIAN TERRITORY
Published: 2026-03-12
Subjects: Agriculture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Engineering Education, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography, Life Sciences, Mining Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Social and Behavioral Sciences
High-resolution digital terrain models are essential for environmental planning and territorial analyses, and provide foundations for geomorphological and hydrological applications, including flood and landslide modelling and geo-hydrological hazard and risk assessments. In Italy, airborne LiDAR surveys have improved the representation of terrain morphology in the last decade, but their coverage [...]
Fast and Slow Groundwater Reservoir Dynamics Revealed by Seismic Velocity Changes and Bayesian ICA in a Taiwan Mountain Ridge
Published: 2026-03-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mountain block recharge (MBR) is an important but difficult-to-observe component of mountain water budgets, especially in steep terrain where groundwater measurements are sparse. In such settings, relative seismic velocity changes (dv/v) derived from ambient-noise interferometry provide a potential proxy for hydrological storage variations, but interpretation is complicated because each frequency [...]