Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Earth as a Reference System for Ultraviolet Transmission Spectroscopy: A Computational Model of Oxygen Detectability
Published: 2026-01-10
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Detecting atmospheres around Earth-sized exoplanets is a critical step toward identifying potentially habitable worlds, yet such atmospheres produce extremely weak observational signals. This study investigates the detectability of an Earth-like atmosphere using ultraviolet transmission spectroscopy and examines which wavelength ranges provide the strongest atmospheric signatures during planetary [...]
Specifying wind gusts based on wind speed increments and forecasting gustiness
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Wind gust forecasting is crucial for mitigating damage to people and property. We define gusts as rapid wind speed changes exceeding application-specific thresholds, and propose forecasting gustiness, that is the number of gusts per time unit. For the forecasting, we employ a correlation between gustiness and variance of wind speed increments, quantified in an analysis of measured offshore data. [...]
Beyond calcite: Crude-urease EICP reveals metal-specific crystallogenetic pathways
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) has emerged as a versatile approach for soil improvement and contaminant immobilisation, yet performance is commonly evaluated from bulk metal removal efficiency while the mineralogical fate of retained metals remains poorly understood. Here, Pb, Co and Cr are compared under identical urease-driven EICP conditions using a crude [...]
Machine Learning Approaches for Estimating Aquifer Hydraulic Properties from Step-Drawdown Pump Tests: A Case Study in Central Valley, California
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a data-driven, scalable framework for estimating aquifer hydraulic conductivity by integrating step-drawdown pumping test data with well completion records using machine learning techniques. The approach applies Random Forest regression and cluster analysis to large regional datasets obtained from the California Natural Resources Agency and the Department of Water Resources Open Data [...]
Spatial Predictor Selection for Next-Day Minimum Temperature Forecasting: An Automated Machine Learning Framework Applied Across European Climate Regimes
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate prediction of daily minimum temperature (Tmin) is critical for frost protection, energy management, and public health preparedness. While numerical weather prediction models have improved substantially, their performance for Tmin forecasting remains limited by difficulties in representing fine-scale nocturnal processes. This study presents an automated framework for identifying optimal [...]
Modeling Lithospheric Radioactivity Influence on Atmospheric Electric Properties relative to Earthquakes
Published: 2026-01-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents a mathematical exploration of the atmospheric electric field components resulting from radon-induced ionization, with implications in the study of earthquake phenomena. By formalizing the general solution to the proposed equations with given boundary conditions, the research offers a comparative analysis of electric parameters across different radon concentrations and radii of [...]
The 1935 Guyana event and the 1908 Tunguska event
Published: 2026-01-03
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. In 1935 a remarkable event took place in Guyana (at that time British Guiana). A meteor was seen and a large area of devastated forest was discovered. The main source for information on this event was an article published in an astronomical magazine in 1939. The 1939-article provided [...]
Extreme rainfall deficit in southern coastal Australia signals a return to drought, low dam levels and declining stream flows
Published: 2025-12-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Southern coastal Australia is situated between 30o and 38oS and is the longest east-west mid-latitude coastline (4,300km) in the Southern Hemisphere. It includes over 35% of Australia’s total population. Approximately 75% of this coastline, west of Melbourne, has a Mediterranean climate dominated by cold frontal systems that produce cool season (April to October) rainfall. Historically, this area [...]
Liquefaction as an energetic instability of saturated granular systems – Density control and static enthalpy equilibrium
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Materials Science and Engineering, Mining Engineering, Other Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Liquefaction of saturated granular materials is commonly interpreted within stress-based frameworks that rely on the existence of an intact grain skeleton. At the onset of liquefaction, however, the contact network collapses and effective stress ceases to be a meaningful state variable. This work reformulates liquefaction as an enthalpy-driven instability of the coupled grain–water system and [...]
Topographies, and Geoid/Gravity Anomalies from Global Mantle Flow Models
Published: 2025-12-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Spatial Clustering and Reservoir Analysis: An Expert-Guided Synergy Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) Machine Learning Technique on Volve and Norne Fields
Published: 2025-12-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
This study introduces an expert-guided application for clustering production wells using Machine Learning (ML), focusing on the Volve and Norne Field datasets to optimise reservoir analysis and decision-making. The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm was employed for clustering and further enhanced by spatial visualisation through Voronoi polygons on topographic maps. The study presents a [...]
DYCOVE: A Python package for coupling dynamic vegetation processes with hydro-morphodynamic models
Published: 2025-12-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Vegetation growth in coastal environments plays an important role in shaping coastal morphology (Kirwan et al., 2016; Kleinhans et al., 2018; Mariotti & Fagherazzi, 2010; Schwarz et al., 2018; Temmerman et al., 2005, 2007). Hydrodynamic and morphodynamic (numerical) models are used widely for understanding the processes that impact coastal systems, and they inform management strategies for [...]
Climate mitigation benefits emerge within a decade
Published: 2025-12-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Discernible differences in global climate responses under varying greenhouse gas emission scenarios are commonly assumed to emerge only after 20 to 30 years. Here we show that mitigation benefits are detectable within a decade (9±6 years) over the global land area when high-resolution gridded climate data are analysed with a machine learning approach. By retaining spatial information, we uncover [...]
Regional Characterization of Coal Resources in the U.S. Gulf Coast
Published: 2025-12-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
There is increasing interest in extracting critical minerals (CM), including rare earth elements (REE), from coals in the United States to address the overreliance on imported REE. The U.S. Gulf Coast and the Williston basins are the two major lignite-bearing basins within the country. Recent REE and CM studies of the lignite in these basins have indicated that the coals may be a viable source [...]
Tidally-Driven Diapycnal Upwelling in a Rough Sloping Canyon
Published: 2025-12-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Turbulent mixing over rough topography shapes abyssal ocean dynamics, yet a gap between large- and small-scale models underscores the need to connect processes across scales. Using three-dimensional large eddy simulations (LES) with quasi-realistic sloping topography from a Brazil Basin canyon, we force an ocean model solely with a barotropic M2 tide body force, allowing internal waves, [...]