Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Slip-stuck kinematics of fault surfaces in laboratory experiments: implications for heterogeneous slip distributions during earthquake events
Published: 2023-05-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Combining field observations with analogue laboratory experiments, this study aims to use surface-roughness characteristics as an indicator of the heterogeneous slip partitioning along shear surfaces. We investigated the roughness of shear surfaces in sheared quartzite of the Singhbhum Shear Zone, eastern India, and identified two distinct kinematic domains: slip zone and stuck zone, marked by [...]
Subsurface storage capacity in underexplored sedimentary basins: Hydrogen and carbon dioxide storage on the Irish Atlantic margin
Published: 2023-05-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As Ireland looks westwards to its Atlantic coastline to develop its renewable energy ambitions, offshore sedimentary basins on the Irish Atlantic margin offer significant potential for either collaborative energy (e.g. hydrogen, H2) or carbon dioxide (CO2) storage. Methodologies for subsurface storage assessment developed for basins with dense data coverage are typically less applicable to [...]
Geophysical and Geochemical Constraints on Magma Storage Depths along the Cascade Arc: Knowns and Unknowns
Published: 2023-05-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The iconic volcanoes of the Cascade arc stretch from Lassen Volcanic Center in northern California, through Oregon and Washington, to the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt in British Columbia. Recent studies have reviewed differences in the distribution and eruptive volumes of vents, as well as variations in geochemical compositions and heat flux along strike (amongst other characteristics). We investigate [...]
Dynamics of episodic supershear in the 2023 M7.8 Kahramanmaraş/Pazarcik Earthquake, revealed by near-field records and computational modeling
Published: 2023-05-03
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The 2023 M7.8 Kahramanmaraş/Pazarcik earthquake was larger and more destructive than what had been expected. Here we analyzed near-field seismic records and developed a dynamic rupture model that reconciles different currently conflicting inversion results and reveals spatially non-uniform propagation speeds in this earthquake, with predominantly supershear speeds observed along the Narli fault [...]
Soil pore water evaporation and temperature influences on clay mineral paleothermometry
Published: 2023-05-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Clay mineral isotope paleothermometry is fundamental to understanding Earth's climate system and landscape evolution. Status quo methods, however, assume constant factors, such as temperature and water isotopic compositions, and ignore seasonality, soil water evaporation and depth dependent temperature changes. We propose first-order modifications to address these factors and test them in a [...]
Linear analysis of ice-shelf topography response to basal melting and freezing
Published: 2023-04-29
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Dynamic Systems, Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Floating ice shelves in Antarctica and Greenland limit land-ice contributions to sea level rise by resisting the flow of grounded ice. Melting at the surface and base of ice shelves can lead to destabilisation by promoting thinning and fracturing. Basal melting often results in channelised features that manifest as surface topography due to buoyancy. The assumption of hydrostatic flotation [...]
How particle shape affects granular segregation in industrial and geophysical flows
Published: 2023-04-29
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Industrial and environmental granular flows commonly exhibit a phenomenon known as ``granular segregation," in which grains separate according to physical characteristics (size, shape, density), interfering with industrial applications (cement mixing, medicine and food production) and fundamentally altering the behavior of geophysical flows (landslides, debris flows, pyroclastic flows, [...]
APWP-online.org: a global reference database and open-source tools for calculating apparent polar wander paths and relative paleomagnetic displacements
Published: 2023-04-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Paleomagnetism provides a quantitative tool for estimating paleogeographic displacements of rock units relative to the Earth’s spin axis and is widely used to determine relative tectonic displacements (vertical-axis rotations and paleolatitudinal motions). These relative displacements are commonly determined by comparing a study-mean paleomagnetic pole with a reference pole provided by an [...]
Rupture phase in near-fault records of the 2023 Turkey Mw 7.8 earthquake
Published: 2023-04-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding and deciphering wiggles especially coherent phases from seismograms have been a long endeavor to understand the earth structure and earthquake source. However, coherent phases directly associated with earthquake rupture propagation have not been available due to the lack of continuous near-fault observations. Here we report the rupture phase as large velocity pulses during the 2023 [...]
Reconstructing subglacial lake activity with an altimetry-based inverse method
Published: 2023-04-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Subglacial lake water-volume changes produce ice-elevation anomalies that provide clues about water flow beneath glaciers and ice sheets. Significant challenges remain in the quantitative interpretation of these elevation-change anomalies because the surface expression of subglacial lake activity depends on basal conditions, rate of water-volume change, and ice rheology. To address these [...]
A machine learning-based thermometer, barometer and hygrometer for magmatic liquids
Published: 2023-04-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Experimentally calibrated models to recover pressures, temperatures and water contents of magmas, are widely used in igneous petrology. However, large errors, especially in barometry, limit the capacity of these models to resolve the architecture of crustal igneous systems. Here we apply machine learning to a large experimental database to calibrate new regression models that recover P-T-H2O of [...]
Workshop report: Modelling volatile behaviour in magmas
Published: 2023-04-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Volatiles are a critical component of magmas, driving volcanic eruptions, creating and modifying planetary atmospheres, and generating ore deposits. There has been an immense amount of work quantifying the solubility of individual volatile species in a wide variety of magma compositions and the creation of various modelling capabilities to look at magmatic degassing. This workshop aimed to [...]
CDR modeled in MAGICC to return to preindustrial temperatures by 2100
Published: 2023-04-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Scenario pathways greatly inform the opportunity space of possible future climates. The multistep experiment tests the Alternative Method to Determine a Carbon Dioxide Removal Target’s thesis by simulating the novel pathway '300x2050,' SSP1-2.6, and SSP1-1.9 comparing within green growth development in MAGICC 6.8 by removing all cumulative anthropogenic CO₂ over 80 years and phasing out [...]
From strain to displacement: using deformation to enhance distributed acoustic sensing applications
Published: 2023-04-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Over a period of less than a decade, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) has become a well-established technology in seismology. For historical and practical reasons, DAS manufacturers usually provide instruments that natively record strain (rate) as the principal measurement. While at first glance strain recordings seem related to ground motion waveforms (displacement, velocity, acceleration), [...]
On Constructing Limits-of-Acceptability in Watershed Hydrology using Decision Trees
Published: 2023-04-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A hydrological model incurs three types of uncertainties: measurement, structural and parametric uncertainty. For instance, in rainfall-runoff models, measurement uncertainty exists due to errors in measurements of rainfall and streamflow data. Structural uncertainty exists due to errors in mathematical representation of hydrological processes. Parametric uncertainty is a consequence of our [...]