Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Limited reversal of regional climate signals in overshoot scenarios
Published: 2023-10-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Without stringent reductions in emission of greenhouse gases in the coming years, an exceedance of the 1.5C temperature limit would become increasingly likely. This has given rise to so-called temperature overshoot scenarios, in which the global mean surface air temperature increase above pre-industrial levels exceeds a certain limit, i.e. 1.5C, before bringing temperatures back below that level. [...]
Microbial catabolic and anabolic utilization of hydrocarbons in deep subseafloor sediments of Guaymas Basin
Published: 2023-10-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Guaymas Basin, located off the Gulf of California, is a hydrothermally active marginal basin. Due to steep geothermal gradients and localized heating by sill intrusions, microbial substrates like short-chain fatty acids and hydrocarbons are abiotically produced from sedimentary organic matter at comparatively shallow depths. However, the potential of hydrocarbons as microbial substrates for both [...]
The Heavy Mineral Map of Australia Project: A Novel, Rapid, Automated Quantitative Mineralogy Workflow
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Heavy Mineral Map of Australia (HMMA) is the world’s first project aiming to define a continental heavy mineral baseline. It utilises a novel sample processing workflow and automated mineralogy techniques to rapidly generate and analyse mineralogical data from 1315 archived samples of catchment outlet sediments collected from 1186 catchments across the Australian continent. Heavy [...]
Climate- and Weather-Driven Solid-Earth Deformation and Seismicity
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
There is long-standing interest in the interactions between atmospheric and hydrological processes and solid Earth deformation, including the occurrence of earthquakes. Here, we review evidence for the effects of climatic processes and weather on deformation and seismicity in the lithosphere over a wide range of time scales, ranging from load cycles associated with the ice ages to the effects of [...]
Field Report No. 3 - Tabor Tree Project Summary Report 2021
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Adult and Continuing Education, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Outdoor Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
“The Friends of Mt. Tabor Park (FMTP) was organized as a non-profit group* in 2000. Our pur- pose is to improve and help maintain Mt. Tabor Park for the benefit of individuals, organizations and the Park Bureau; to identify and help solve problems; and to participate in park planning projects.”(FMTP) During the winter of 2021 with covid closures of the Visitor Center, Tree Medicine hikes were [...]
Field Report No. 2 - Tabor Tree Project: Citizen Scientists Training
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Adult and Continuing Education, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Outdoor Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
“NASA’s citizen science projects are collaborations between scientists and interested members of the public. Through these collaborations, volunteers (known as citizen scientists) have helped make thou- sands of important scientific discoveries.” (NASA) In January 2021, using the GLOBE Observer app, the Mt. Tabor community joined this global network of scientists, students, teachers, hikers, and [...]
The influence of fluid inclusions, organics, and calcite fabric on trace element distributions in stalagmites
Published: 2023-10-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Growing stalagmites entrap water and organic molecules while incorporating trace elements in diverse crystallographic fabrics. However, the interrelationships between crystal defects, fluid inclusions, organic carbon incorporation, and trace element incorporation in stalagmites remain poorly constrained. Here we use for the first time Fourier Transformation Infrared Focal-Plane Array (FTIR-FPA) [...]
Progression of the surge in the Negribreen Glacier System from two years of ICESat-2 measurements
Published: 2023-10-08
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The unique measurement capabilities of ICESat-2 allow high spatiotemporal resolution of complex ice-dynamic processes that occur during a surge. Detailed and precise mapping of height changes on surge glaciers has previously escaped observations from space due to limited resolution of space-borne altimeter data and the surface characteristics of glaciers during surge such as heavy crevassing. [...]
The ‘hidden story’ in simulating reflected radiance by wind-roughened sea surface: Mobley’s 1999 paper on simulation of Rrs measurements via the above-surface approach
Published: 2023-10-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs, in sr-1) is defined as the ratio of water-leaving radiance (Lw) to downwelling irradiance just above the water surface (Es). To measure Rrs, the above-water approach (AWA) is a widely adopted scheme in the past decades. In addition to the measurement of Es, AWA also involves measurements of upwelling radiance above the surface (Lt) and downwelling sky radiance [...]
Integration of Well Log, 3D Static Modeling, and Seismic Data in Characterization of KUKO Field Offshore Niger Delta, Nigeria.
Published: 2023-10-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The KUKO offshore field in Niger Delta exhibits complex structural deformation and faulting, impacting the exploration and development of reservoirs due to uncertain properties. This study employs an integrated approach combining 3D seismic, well logs, and reservoir modeling to characterize the field. The study is centered on establishing a template for future research, evaluating petrophysical [...]
The importance of anisotropic viscosity in numerical models for olivine textures in shear and subduction deformations
Published: 2023-10-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Olivine lattice preferred orientation (LPO), or texture, forms in relation to deformation mechanisms such as dislocation creep and can be observed in the upper mantle as seismic anisotropy. Olivine is also mechanically anisotropic, meaning that it responds to stresses differently depending on the direction of the stress. Understanding the interplay between anisotropic viscosity (AV) and LPO, and [...]
Constrictional flow and strain partitioning during oblique deformation: insights from the Variscan Tanneron massif, SE France
Published: 2023-10-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A shift in the Sr isotopic composition of the magmatic source triggering 2019 paroxysmal eruptions at Stromboli Volcano
Published: 2023-10-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The persistent volcanic activity of Stromboli Volcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy, is interrupted by paroxysmal eruptions on a decadal interval. In 2019, two strong paroxysms on July 3rd and August 28th, ended a more than a decade long period of regular strombolian activity. During normal strombolian activity the volcano erupts highly porphyritic scoria and lava (HP)20 with a shoshonitic basalt [...]
Spaceborne assessment of the Soviet Union's role in the 1990s methane slowdown
Published: 2023-10-04
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Methane is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, amounting to 60% of the radiative forcing from CO2 since pre-industrial times based on emitted compound. Global atmospheric methane concentrations rose by 10-15 ppb/yr in the 1980s before abruptly slowing to 2-8 ppb/yr in the early 1990s. This period in the 1990s is known as the ``methane slowdown'' and has been attributed to the [...]
Complementary classifications of aeolian dunes based on morphology, dynamics, and fluid mechanics
Published: 2023-10-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Sciences, Sedimentology
Dunes form where winds blow over a bed of mobile sediment grains – conditions that are common in our solar system. On Earth, dunes abound in arid continental interiors and along sandy coastlines. Dune fields have also been recognized on Venus, Mars, Saturn's moon Titan, and Pluto. In response to the different boundary conditions and other environmental forcings, dunes adopt a rich diversity [...]