Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The direction of core soldification in asteroids: implications for dynamo generation.
Published: 2024-06-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Paleomagnetic studies of meteorites over the past two decades have revealed that the cores of multiple meteorite parent bodies, including those of certain chondritic groups, generated dynamo fields as they crystallised. However, uncertainties in the direction and mode of core solidification in asteroid-sized bodies have meant using the timings and durations of these fields to constrain parent [...]
The migration of hydrogen in sedimentary basins
Published: 2024-06-13
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the mechanisms of large-scale, subsurface hydrogen migration is essential for natural hydrogen exploration and for hydrogen storage assessment. The unique properties of hydrogen make that the timescales of hydrogen migration within geological basins vary from thousands of years to days. Within the shallow Earth, diffusive and advective transport mechanisms are dependent on a wide [...]
Implementing machine learning to establish a relationship between coal ash spread and lined vs. unlined sites using publicly available data
Published: 2024-06-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The fuel combustion process within coal power plants causes a significant amount of waste, called coal ash, often stored in slush basins. Due to low maintenance and lack of proper regulations, coal ash ponds have a high tendency to contaminate nearby groundwater sources. Without a simple way to ascertain whether the drinking water and soil near a private residential area is contaminated, citizens [...]
Calculation of Individual and Product Sustainability under IMACS
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The methods described allow calculation of individual and product sustainabilities and of human conditions for all products, services and individual labor, in a globally standardized way. Product and service sustainabilities reflect natural resource use, environmental damage done and harmful or inhumane labor and living conditions that existed, to make, transport and sell the product or service. [...]
Providing Conservation as “Title-To-Conservation” Under IMACS
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In order to prevent the devastating effects of global warming on biodiversity and in turn on humanity, CO2 emissions and other forms of environmental damage must be all but eliminated, while environmental protection and restoration must be applied on increasingly larger scales. The methods described here are used under the IMAC system and create both the vehicles and the incentives to provide [...]
Calculation Of Excess Impact Deduction for Products and Services under IMACS
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The first universally standardized and first-principal-based system of methods was developed to calculate the environmental (E) and human condition (H) impacts embodied by products and services where EH-impacts originating from employee labor are added to other production process EH-impacts. While the addition of employee labor EH-impacts is essential to correctly calculate the EH-impacts of [...]
Calculation of Individual Sustainable Absorption for IMACS
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This article describes the first universally standardized and first-principals-based method to calculate the amounts of environmental and human resources an individual can use sustainably. The sustainable available resource amount calculated for each resource type used, must be deducted from the individual’s resource consumption to calculate the net resource use of the individual’s labor output. [...]
Impact Measurement and Application of Conservation System (IMACS)
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This article describes the first “first principals’ based” system of methods for the calculation of environmental (E) and human condition (H) impacts and sustainabilities for all products, services and individuals as a set of universally standardized methods, earlier published as a patent application (1). The overall system allows buyers to select more sustainable products and services, and [...]
Marketing Aspects for IMACS
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A series of papers was pre-printed explaining the prior published patent application for a first-principals-based sustainability measurement system. In addition to measuring environmental and human condition impacts, the Impact Measurement And Conservation System (IMACS) automatically applies conservation to participating products sold by participating retailers and purchased by participating [...]
Majority of potable water microplastics are smaller than the 20 µm EU methodology limit for consumable water quality
Published: 2024-06-08
Subjects: Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Microplastic (MP) content in nutrition including potable water is unregulated, although MP concentrations in bottled water can diverge by several orders of magnitude. The EU Directive 2020/2184 on consumable water quality recently proposed methodological approaches to the detection of MPs in potable water in the size range of 20-5000 µm. However, small MPs in the 1-20 µm range are far more likely [...]
Global emergence of regional heatwave hotspots outpaces climate model projections
Published: 2024-06-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Multiple recent record shattering weather events raise questions about the adequacy of climate models to effectively predict and prepare for unprecedented climate impacts on human life, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Here we show that extreme heat in several regions globally is increasing significantly and faster in magnitude than what state-of-the-art climate models have predicted under present [...]
Opening doors to physical sample tracking and attribution in Earth and environmental sciences
Published: 2024-05-31
Subjects: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Microbiology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Systems Biology
Physical samples and their associated (meta)data underpin scientific discoveries across disciplines and can enable new science when appropriately archived. However, there are significant gaps in current practices and infrastructure that prevent accurate provenance tracking, reproducibility, and attribution. For most samples, descriptive metadata are often sparse, inaccessible, or absent. Samples [...]
STUDY OF THERMOLUMINESCENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF QUARTZ FOR HIGH RADIATION DOSES (>1KGY): IMPLICATIONS FOR EXTENDING THE LUMINESCENCE DATING RANGE
Published: 2024-05-31
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Quartz is an omnipresent abundant natural mineral, used for luminescence dating. Lately, quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique is widely used to estimate the equivalent doses (De) for dating geological events (up to 250 Gy, limited by saturation). Some works report thermoluminescence (TL) saturation around ~ (10-40) kGy. Still dose estimates for such high radiation dose (HRD) [...]
Unique composition and evolutionary histories of large low velocity provinces
Published: 2024-05-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The two ``large low velocity provinces'' (LLVPs) are broad, low seismic wave speed anomalies in Earth's lower mantle beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean. Recent research suggests they contain relatively dense subducted oceanic crust (SOC), but the relative concentration of this recycled material within them is an open question. Using simulations of 3-D global mantle circulation over the past 1 [...]
Future changes in seasonal drought in Australia
Published: 2024-05-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate change is expected to exacerbate the frequency and intensity of drought in many water-limited regions. However, future drought changes in Australia –the driest inhabited continent on Earth– have remained stubbornly uncertain due to a lack of model agreement in projected precipitation changes in most regions. We use an ensemble of future projections from the National Hydrological [...]