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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Determining the Pressure – Temperature – Composition (P-T-X) conditions of magma storage

Penny E Wieser, Matthew Gleeson, Simon Matthews, et al.

Published: 2023-08-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

Determining the pressures and temperatures at which melts are stored in the crust and upper mantle, and the major element composition, redox state and volatile contents of these melts, is vital to constrain the structure and dynamics of magmatic plumbing systems. In turn, constraining these parameters helps understand the geochemical and structural evolution of the Earth’s lithosphere, and [...]

Biomarker Indicators of Past Climate

Rienk H. Smittenberg

Published: 2023-08-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The molecular remainders of living organisms, found in sedimentary records, reflect past ecological, environmental and climatic conditions. Occurrence, abundance, relative distribution and even isotopic composition of these lipid biomarkers can be linked to climatic conditions. This chapter reviews organic proxies for past temperature, salinity, hydrology, sea ice conditions and biomass burning.

Earth's tectonic and plate boundary evolution over 1.8 billion years

Xianzhi Cao, Alan S. Collins, Sergei Pisarevsky, et al.

Published: 2023-08-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Understanding the intricate relationships between the solid Earth and its surface systems in deep time necessitates comprehensive full-plate tectonic reconstructions that include evolving plate boundaries and oceanic plates. In particular, a tectonic reconstruction that spans multiple supercontinent cycles is important to understand the long-term evolution of Earth's interior, surface [...]

A proxy implementation of thermal pressurization for earthquake cycle modeling on rate-and-state faults

Marco Tulio Herrera Mena, Jean Paul Ampuero, Jorge G.F. Crempien

Published: 2023-08-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The reduction of effective normal stress during earthquake slip due to thermal pressurization of fault pore fluids is a significant fault weakening mechanism. Explicit incorporation of this process into frictional fault models involves solving the diffusion equations for fluid pressure and temperature outside the fault at each time step, which significantly increases the computational complexity. [...]

GossenAIA2015-RapaNuislides

candace gossen

Published: 2023-08-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A slide presentation from AIA 116th Annual Conference, New Orleans, Jan 8-11 2015. The 149 slides in pdf format are from the original Keynote presentation: Deforestation, Drought and Humans: The Collapse Theory is Dead-New Evidence of Sustainability and Survival.

Temperature and hydrological variations during the Late-Glacial in the central Mediterranean: application of the novel ostracod-clumped isotope thermometer

Marta Marchegiano, Marion Yolande Peral, Rebecca Doyle, et al.

Published: 2023-08-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study shows, for the first time, the absence of a vital effect in the clumped isotope carbonate (Δ47) fossil ostracod signal and confirms the ability of the novel ostracod-Δ47 thermometer to reconstruct past temperatures and hydrological conditions in complex lacustrine systems. Furthermore, the application of Δ47 analyses on the ostracod species Candona angulata and Cyprideis torosa from [...]

Beyond microbial carbon use efficiency

Ke-Qing Xiao, Chao Liang, Zimeng Wang, et al.

Published: 2023-08-16
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is defined as the proportion of microbial biomass growth C versus substrate C uptake, and thus provides a useful measure of microbially driven accumulation and loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) 1. In a recent study published in Nature 2, the authors use a data-driven machine learning approach to conclude that CUE promotes global SOC storage based on a [...]

imc-precip-iso: Open monthly stable isotope data of precipitation over the Indonesian Maritime Continent

Rusmawan Suwarman, Sandy Hardian Susanto Herho, Halda Aditya Belgaman, et al.

Published: 2023-08-12
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management

Stable isotopes, $\delta^2$H, $\delta^{18}$O, and d-excess, are valuable tools as natural tracers of diffusion processes and phase changes in the global hydroclimatological cycle. The Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) is an archipelago area surrounded by very warm waters which induce convective activities as the primary heat source driving global atmospheric circulation. Given the central role [...]

CEDAR-GPP: spatiotemporally upscaled estimates of gross primary productivity incorporating CO2 fertilization

Yanghui Kang, Max Gaber, Maoya Bassiouni, et al.

Published: 2023-08-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Gross primary productivity (GPP) is the largest carbon flux in the Earth system, playing a crucial role in removing atmospheric carbon dioxide and providing the sugars and starches needed for ecosystem metabolism. Despite the importance of GPP, however, existing estimates present significant uncertainties and discrepancies. A key issue is the underrepresentation of the CO2 fertilization effect, a [...]

Eocene (50-55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA

Adrian Broz, Devin Pritchard-Peterson, Sarah Schneider, et al.

Published: 2023-08-08
Subjects: Chemistry, Climate, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science, Stratigraphy

Nonmarine rocks in sea cliffs of southern California store a detailed record of weathering under tropical conditions millions of years ago, where today the climate is much drier and cooler. This work examines early Eocene (~50-55 million-year-old) deeply weathered paleosols (ancient, buried soils) exposed in marine terraces of northern San Diego County, California, and uses their geochemistry and [...]

Exclusive Seismoacoustic Detection and Characterization of an Unseen and Unheard Fireball Over the North Atlantic

Stephen Paul Hicks, Sandro B Matos, Adriano Pimentel, et al.

Published: 2023-08-08
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Small meteoroids that enter Earth's atmosphere often go unnoticed because their detection and characterization rely on human observations, introducing observational biases in space and time. Acoustic shockwaves from meteoroid ablation convert to infrasound and seismic energy, enabling fireball detection using seismoacoustic methods. We analyzed an unreported fireball in 2022 near the Azores, [...]

Seismic Activities in Ghana: A Systematic Review

Baah Asare-Bediako, Cyril Dziedzorm Boateng, Sylvester Kojo Danuor, et al.

Published: 2023-08-08
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Seismic activities pose significant challenges to societies globally. Therefore, it is crucial to understand their occurrence, patterns, and impacts. By studying seismic activities, including earthquakes, researchers can investigate their occurrence, distribution, and characteristics which can provide effective management and risk reduction strategies. The southern part of Ghana is prone to [...]

New Ediacaran biota from the oldest Nama Group, Namibia (Tsaus Mountains), and re-definition of the Nama Assemblage

Rachel Wood, Fred Toby Bowyer, Ruaridh Alexander, et al.

Published: 2023-08-07
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Nama Group, Namibia (≥550.5 to <538 million years ago, Ma) preserves one of the most diverse metazoan fossil records of the terminal Ediacaran Period. We report numerous features that may be biological in origin from the shallow marine, siliciclastic, lowermost Mara Member (older than ca. 550.5 Ma) from the Tsaus Mountains. These include forms that potentially represent body fossils, [...]

Implementation and Evaluation of the Automated Model Reduction (AMORE) Version 1.1 Isoprene Oxidation Mechanism in GEOS-Chem

Benjamin Yang, Forwood C. Wiser, V. Faye McNeill, et al.

Published: 2023-08-05
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Detailed chemical mechanisms are computationally challenging to include in large-scale chemical transport models such as GEOS-Chem. Employing a graph theory-based automated model reduction (AMORE) algorithm, we developed a new reduced (12 species and 23 reactions) gas-phase isoprene oxidation mechanism. We performed GEOS-Chem simulations for a full year (June 2018 – May 2019) with the default [...]

Fluid-rock interactions, hydrothermal processes, and accommodation of slip in shallow parts of the San Andreas and San Gabriel Faults, southern California

James P. Evans, Kaitlyn Crouch, Carolyn Studnicky, et al.

Published: 2023-08-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We examine fault-related rocks from the upper parts of the active San Andreas and ancient San Gabriel Faults, southern California, to determine the nature and origin of micro-scale composition and geochemistry of fault-related rocks. These data constrain the nature and extent of fluid-rock interactions and processes by which slip is accommodated on shallow portions of these faults. The steeply [...]

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