Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High-resolution Ge-Si-Fe, Cr isotope and Th-U data for the Neoarchean Temagami BIF, Canada, suggest primary origin of BIF bands and oxidative terrestrial weathering 2.7 Ga ago
Published: 2022-03-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
ABSTRACT Unique deposits that formed in the Precambrian oceans are the Banded Iron-Formations (BIFs) which are chemical sediments comprised of alternating layers of iron- and silica-dominated precipitates. The origin of this enigmatic banding is still debated, with most favoring a primary sedimentary and a few others arguing for a secondary diagenetic origin. We here used a high-resolution [...]
Landslide susceptibility maps of Italy: lesson learnt from dealing with multiple landslide classes and the uneven spatial distribution of the national inventory
Published: 2022-02-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Landslide susceptibility corresponds to the probability of landslide occurrence across a given geographic space. This probability is usually estimated by using a binary classifier which is informed of landslide presence/absence data and associated landscape characteristics. Here, we consider the Italian national landslide inventory to prepare slope-unit based landslide susceptibility maps. [...]
Fault slip-rates and Coulomb stress interactions in the intersection zone of the Hope, Kelly and Alpine Faults, South Island, New Zealand
Published: 2022-02-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The Hope Fault is a major strike-slip plate boundary fault in the Marlborough Fault Zone of New Zealand’s South Island that transfers slip between the Alpine Fault and Hikurangi subduction zone. We use lidar-based geomorphic and fault mapping, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL; quartz) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL; feldspar) dating of fault-proximal sedimentary deposits to [...]
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
Published: 2022-02-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has catapulted our ability to detect, quantify and characterize bio- and geophysical processes (e.g., aquifer dynamics, tectonic, and magmatic processes, etc.). During the last four decades, InSAR has imaged the complete Earth’s surface and transformed our understanding of how Earth works. Such revolution has been underpinned by a relentless [...]
Constrained 1.5-Layer Hamiltonian Toy Models for Stratospheric Dynamics
Published: 2022-02-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A two-layer Hamiltonian toy model consisting of two isentropic stratospheric layers is simplified using perturbation analysis while preserving the Hamiltonian structure. These two layers are neutrally and stably stratified. The first approximation applies when the Froude number of the upper isentropic layer is small, such that the upper surface is approximately rigid, and this upper layer is much [...]
The south-verging Isortoq Nappe of Baffin Island, Canada: implications on the framework of the northeastern Trans-Hudson Orogen
Published: 2022-02-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Isortoq Shear Zone (ISZ), a 100km-scale structure in northern Baffin Island, was originally identified through the interpretation of regional geophysical surveys. In the field the ISZ is cryptic, and its significance ambiguous with respect to the regional structural framework of northern Baffin Island. Mapping along the ISZ and within the spatially associated Archean Isortoq and Eqe Bay [...]
Numerical experiments on extreme waves through oblique-soliton interactions
Published: 2022-02-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Extreme water-wave motion is investigated analytically and numerically by considering two-soliton and three-soliton interactions on a horizontal plane. We successfully determine numerically that soliton solutions of the unidirectional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (KPE), with equal far-field individual amplitudes, survive reasonably well in the bidirectional and higher-order Benney-Luke [...]
The 2021 eruption of the Cumbre Vieja Volcanic Ridge on La Palma, Canary Islands
Published: 2022-02-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Almost exactly half a century after the eruption of the Teneguía Volcano on La Palma (26 October to 28 November 1971), a new eruption occurred on the island and lasted for 85 days from 19 September until 13 December 2021. This new eruption opened a volcanic vent complex on the western flank of the Cumbre Vieja rift zone, the N-S elongated polygenetic volcanic ridge that has developed on La Palma [...]
The development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in India: A critical review
Published: 2022-02-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is a three-tier process- carbon capture, transport and storage. The capture consists of pre-combustion, oxy-combustion and post-combustion capture. Transport of CO2 is most viable through pipelines.The biotic CO2storage occurs through terrestrial or oceanic pathways and can be simulated naturally or artificially. The abiotic/geologic storage is achieved [...]
Source rock properties and kerogen decomposition kinetics of Eocene shales from petroliferous Barmer basin, western Rajasthan, India
Published: 2022-02-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Hydrocarbon exploration and production are going on in Barmer basin (Rajasthan, India) for more than a decade. The potential source rocks are of Paleocene – Eocene age, and Mesozoic siltstones form the reservoirs. The western and central portions of the Rajasthan basin are characterised by extensive lignite formations, which can be promising for artificial transformation to oil and gas. We [...]
Ageostrophic contribution by the wind and waves induced flow to the lateral stirring in the Mediterranean Sea
Published: 2022-02-11
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We study the impact of the Ekman currents and Stokes drift on the horizontal mixing and transport properties of the Mediterranean Sea. FSLE at the ocean surface are computed over the whole basin using 25 years of satellite altimetry derived geostrophic currents, 10-m wind velocity and wave fields. We find that the transport pathways unveiled by the geostrophic Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) [...]
Fuzzy graph theory applied to brittle plane network- A need for carbon sequestration models
Published: 2022-02-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Improved carbon sequestration (CCS) models with rocks as sinks require incorporation of uncertainty into the models. In such cases of uncertain geoscientific problems, fuzzy graph theory can be useful. Brittle shear plane network with indistinct shear planes is common in natural sheared rocks, and can be targeted for CCS. Due to non-unique possibility of continuity of P-planes, it is not possible [...]
Image processing on meso-scale photographs of brittle shear zones
Published: 2022-02-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Study of structures and fabrics from different scales of observation is an indispensable first step in structural geology and other branches of geoscience. We process three selected images of brittle shear zones from quartzite, limestone and schist samples using various methods, steps and filters. Such exercises more effectively detect brittle planes when the planes are not too close-spaced and [...]
Mitigation of installation-related effects for small-scale borehole-to-surface ERT
Published: 2022-02-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Strong methane point sources contribute a disproportionate fraction of total emissions across multiple basins in the U.S.
Published: 2022-02-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding, prioritizing, and mitigating methane (CH4) emissions requires quantifying methane budgets from facility scales to regional scales with the ability to differentiate between source sectors. We deployed a tiered observing system for multiple basins in the United States (San Joaquin Valley, Uintah, Denver-Julesberg, Permian, Marcellus). We quantify strong point source emissions (>10 kg [...]