Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Effects of concentrated and intense heavy rain on phreatic eruptions ～Based on a case study of the phreatic eruptions of Mt. Ontake in Japan-～
Published: 2023-02-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
"This paper is a non-peer reviewed preprint submitted to EarthArXiv" For humans living in an economic zone adjacent to volcanoes, the reality of unpredictable eruptions is a constant concern. This paper presents a new view on the phreatic eruption process of Mt. Ontake, Japan. The purpose of this posting is to find ways to reduce casualties from phreatic eruptions. As a background, there is the [...]
Seasonal and annual tropical river pattern change detection using machine learning
Published: 2023-02-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rivers in the tropics are more likely to exhibit seasonal changes in pattern than those in temperate regions because of strongly seasonal rainfall. However, such changes in seasonal tropical river patterns have not been widely investigated. Machine learning methods are used in this study with Sentinel-2 multispectral remote sensing images to classify active channel landforms (water; unvegetated [...]
3D geometry of the Lonar impact crater, India, imaged from cultural seismic noise
Published: 2023-02-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Lonar impact crater in the Deccan Volcanic Province of India is an excellent analogue for impact-induced structures on the Moon and other terrestrial planets. We present a detailed architecture of the crater using a high-resolution 3-D seismic velocity image to a depth of 1.5 km through the inversion of ambient noise data recorded over 20 broadband seismographs operating around the crater. [...]
Did hydroclimate conditions contribute to the political dynamics of Majapahit? A preliminary analysis
Published: 2023-02-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography, Human Geography, Nature and Society Relations, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Majapahit was the largest Hindu-Buddhist empire that ruled the Indonesian archipelago from the late 13th to mid-16th centuries CE. Only now there is still a lot of history surrounding the Majapahit era that has yet to be revealed. One is about how environmental factors influenced the political dynamics at that time. This study tries to discuss the influence of hydroclimate regimes using the Paleo [...]
Sub- and super-shear ruptures during the 2023 Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.6 earthquake doublet in SE Türkiye
Published: 2023-02-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An earthquake doublet (Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.6) occurred on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) on February 6th, 2023. The events produced significant ground motions and caused major impacts to life and infrastructure throughout SE Türkiye and NW Syria. Here we show the results of earthquake relocations of the first 11 days of aftershocks and rupture models for both events inferred from the kinematic [...]
Porosity evolution of mafic crystal mush during reactive flow
Published: 2023-02-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The emergence of the “mush paradigm” has raised several questions for conventional models of magma storage and extraction: how are melts extracted to form eruptible liquid-rich domains? What mechanism controls melt transport in mush-rich systems? Recently, reactive flow has been proposed as a major contributing factor in the formation of high porosity, melt-rich regions. Yet, owing to the absence [...]
Quantifying fire-specific smoke severity
Published: 2023-02-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rapidly changing wildfire regimes across the Western US has driven more frequent and severe wildfires, resulting in wide-ranging societal threats from the wildfires themselves and the smoke that they generate. However, common measures of fire severity focus on what is burned and do not account for the societal impacts of the smoke generated from each fire. We combine satellite-derived fire scars, [...]
Wavelet-based wavenumber spectral estimate of eddy kinetic energy: Application to the North Atlantic
Published: 2023-02-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An ensemble of eddy-rich North Atlantic simulations is analyzed, providing estimates of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) wavenumber spectra and spectral budgets below the mixed layer where energy input from surface convection is negligible. A wavelet transform technique is used to estimate a spatially localized `pseudo-Fourier' spectrum, permitting comparisons to be made between spectra at different [...]
Temporal evolution of under-ice meltwater layers and false bottoms and their impact on summer Arctic sea ice mass balance
Published: 2023-02-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Low-salinity meltwater from Arctic sea ice and its snow cover accumulates and creates under-ice meltwater layers below sea ice. These meltwater layers can result in the formation of new ice layers, or false bottoms, at the interface of this low-salinity meltwater and colder seawater. As part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), we used a [...]
Evidence of Early Supershear Transition in the Feb 6th 2023 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş Turkey Earthquake From Near-Field Records
Published: 2023-02-15
Subjects: Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Mw7.8 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake was larger and more destructive than what had been expected for the tectonic setting in Southeastern Turkey. By using near-field records we provide evidence for early supershear transition on the splay fault that hosted the nucleation and early propagation of the first rupture that eventually transitioned into the East Anatolian fault. We also find, for the [...]
Statistical precursor signals for Dansgaard-Oeschger cooling transitions
Published: 2023-02-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Given the likely bistability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its recently inferred weakening, it is important to investigate the capability of identifying robust precursor signals for a possible future AMOC collapse as well as its collapses in the past. Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events, manifested most clearly as abrupt Northern-Atlantic temperature jumps during [...]
Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of Proterozoic and Cretaceous sandstones of Narmada region in Central India: Implications for provenance and the closure age of the Vindhyan Basin
Published: 2023-02-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the Upper Bhander Sandstones from the Bhopal inlier, and the overlying Cretaceous sandstones from Jabalpur, Central India. These data are combined with existing palaeobiological evidence to address the issue of lack of convergence between geochronology and biochronology of the Upper Vindhyan succession in central India. The age-spectra of Upper [...]
Prolonged thermocline warming by near-inertial internal waves in the wakes of tropical cyclones
Published: 2023-02-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tropical cyclones (TCs) mix vertical temperature gradients in the upper ocean and generate powerful near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) that propagate down into the deep ocean. Globally, downward mixing of heat during TC passage causes warming in the seasonal thermocline and pumps 0.15-0.6 PW of heat into the unventilated ocean. The final distribution of excess heat contributed by TCs is needed [...]
Soil moisture modulation of midlatitude heat waves
Published: 2023-02-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Heat waves are broadly expected to increase in severity and frequency under climate change. Case studies highlight a number of physical mechanisms that play a role in present-day heat waves, which typically occur during a coalescence of anomalous atmospheric and land surface conditions. However, a unified model of heat wave physics is lacking, primarily owing to difficulty in disentangling the [...]
HIGH-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR BAYESIAN INFERENCE OF POROELASTIC FIELDS FROM PRESSURE DATA
Published: 2023-02-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We investigate solution methods for large-scale inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) via Bayesian inference. The Bayesian framework provides a statistical setting to infer uncertain parameters from noisy measurements. To quantify posterior uncertainty, we adopt Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches for generating samples. To increase the efficiency of these [...]