Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
MEIC-global-CO2: a new global CO2 emission inventory with highly-resolved source category and sub-country information
Published: 2023-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
CO2 emission inventory provides fundamental data for climate research and emission mitigation. Currently, most global CO2 emission inventories were developed with energy statistics from International Energy Agency (IEA) and were available at country level with limited source categories. Here, as the first step toward a high-resolution and dynamic updated global CO2 emission database, we developed [...]
Tephra dispersal and composition reveal the explosive onset of a large basaltic fissure eruption: Timanfaya, Lanzarote, 1730–1736 CE
Published: 2023-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Basaltic fissure eruptions are chiefly characterized by sizable emissions of lava flows and volcanic gases, posing significant hazards. However, such eruptions may be punctuated by explosive episodes, which are comparatively poorly understood but may have important volcanic hazard and environmental implications. The 1730–1736 CE Timanfaya eruption on Lanzarote, Canary Islands, is a large basaltic [...]
Estimating Reservoir Sedimentation Using Deep Learning
Published: 2023-08-03
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Several reservoirs across the US are filling with sediment, which jeopardizes their functionality and increases maintenance costs. The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) developed the Reservoir Sedimentation Information (RSI) system to assess reservoir aggradation and track dam operation suitability for water-resource management and dam safety. The RSI dataset contains historical [...]
The ostracod clumped-isotope thermometer: A novel tool to reconstruct quantitative continental climate changes.
Published: 2023-08-02
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents the ostracod clumped-isotope (∆47) thermometer, a new tool that provides quantitative temperature and hydrological reconstruction from lacustrine systems, which are among the best archives to reconstruct continental paleotemperature variations. The relationship between ∆47 and the temperature at which ostracod shell crystallized, is determined by measuring ∆47 on different [...]
Pressurizing magma within heterogeneous crust: a case study at the Socorro Magma Body, New Mexico, USA
Published: 2023-08-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Surface deformation plays a key role in illuminating magma transport at active volcanoes, however, unambiguous separation of deep and shallow transport remains elusive. The Socorro Magma Body (SMB) lacks an upper crustal magma transport system, allowing us to link geodetic measurements with predictions of numerical models investigating rheologic heterogeneities and magma-mush interaction in the [...]
Application of the authigenic 10Be/9Be dating to constrain the age of a long-lived lake and its regression in an isolated intermontane basin: The case of Late Miocene Lake Turiec, Western Carpathians
Published: 2023-07-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
The depositional record of intermontane basins provides a valuable archive of the temporal evolution of orogenic belts; their common isolated nature may, however, hinder the efficient usage of standard approaches to constrain the age of a basin fill. In this paper the authigenic 10Be/9Be dating method is employed and tested to construct an age model of the existence and regression of Lake Turiec, [...]
The paleoecology of Rano Kao and the Environmental dynamics on Rapa Nui -the last 15,000 years
Published: 2023-07-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Summary Recent Research at Ava Ranga Uka includes the coring of four water sites along an 8km long collapsed lava tube to find out if significant carbon and nitrogen relationships to drought and rainfall fluctuations could be found on the terrestrial landscape. In 2005 we conducted the first paleoecological studies using oxygen isotopes were conducted in Rano Kao and the core KAO3 produced [...]
Unsupervised clustering identifies thermohaline staircases in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Published: 2023-07-28
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Thermohaline staircases are a widespread stratification feature that impact the vertical transport of heat and nutrients and are consistently observed throughout the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Observations of staircases from the same time period and geographic region form clusters in temperature-salinity ($T$--$S$) space. Here, for the first time, we use an automated clustering algorithm [...]
How big is a boulder? Evaluating fixed and process-based definitions for boulders
Published: 2023-07-28
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Boulders are globally widespread and influence landscape processes across hillslopes, coasts, rivers and extra-terrestrial settings. Boulders are described as particles, sufficiently large, that the movement of an individual grain promotes substantial geomorphic change. Moving beyond this conceptual definition, however, requires a somewhat arbitrary decision of how to define a minimum boulder [...]
Python workflow for segmenting multiphase flow in porous rocks
Published: 2023-07-25
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The need for accurate, consistent and fast image processing has become an important part of the investigation of multiphase flow through porous media. We describe an open-source image processing workflow written in python, using the sci-kit toolbox. We demonstrate the methodology to segment multiple fluids (gas and brine), and the rock grains for a Bentheimer sandstone. This workflow can be [...]
Coherent subsiding structures in large eddy simulations of atmospheric boundary layers
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coherent structures are characterized in high-resolution simulations of three atmospheric boundary layers: dry convection, marine cumulus, and stratocumulus. Based on radioactive-decaying tracers emitted at different altitudes (surface, top of well-mixed layer, and cloud top), a object-oriented methodology allows individual characterization of coherent tridimensional plumes within the flow. [...]
Present and future limits to climate change adaptation
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Sustainable economic development and resilience to climate change impacts require human adaptation to a warming climate. It is possible that rising costs of climate change will provide incentives to increase adaptation actions in the future. This Perspective argues, by contrast, that adaptation to the costs of global warming is likely to be ineffective. Empirical evidence suggests that current [...]
Effect of basal friction on granular column collapse
Published: 2023-07-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The collapse behaviour of granular materials is influenced by many factors, such as aspect ratio and inter-particle friction. However, the specific impact of basal to grain friction on column collapse remains poorly understood. In this study, we systematically analyse the effect of basal friction on gravity-driven granular column collapse using a validated smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) [...]
An adjoint-based optimization method for jointly inverting heterogeneous material properties and fault slip from earthquake surface deformation data
Published: 2023-07-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Analysis of tectonic and earthquake-cycle associated deformation of the crust can provide valuable insights into the underlying deformation processes including fault slip. How those processes are expressed at the surface depends on the lateral and depth variations of rock properties. The effect of such variations is often tested by forward models based on a priori geological or geophysical [...]
Commercial-Scale Demonstration of a First-of-a-Kind Enhanced Geothermal System
Published: 2023-07-18
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fervo Energy has completed construction of a commercial enhanced geothermal system (EGS) project and has qualified full functionality of the system through production testing at commercially relevant operating conditions. The project site is located in a nearfield setting adjacent to an operating geothermal power station in north-central Nevada and is designed to deliver an uplift in [...]