Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mind the uncertainty: Global plate model choice impacts deep-time palaeobiological studies
Published: 2023-06-23
Subjects: Biodiversity, Climate, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Geology, Life Sciences, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
1. Global plate models (GPMs) aim to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the Earth by modelling the motion of the plates and continents through time. These models enable palaeobiologists to study the past distribution of extinct organisms. However, different GPMs exist that vary in their partitioning of the Earth's surface and the modelling of continental motions. Consequently, the preferred [...]
Cohesional behaviours in volcanic material and the implications for deposit architecture.
Published: 2023-06-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs) are hazardous, multiphase currents of heterogeneous volcanic material and gas. Their high mobility can be partially attributed to fluidisation mechanisms. Moisture (as liquid or gas) can enter a PDC through external (e.g., interaction with bodies of water) or internal (e.g., initial eruptive activity style) processes and presence of moisture can be recorded [...]
Aeolian dust accretion outpaces erosion in the formation of Mediterranean alpine soils. New evidence from the periglacial zone of Mount Olympus, Greece
Published: 2023-06-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Soil formation in Mediterranean periglacial landscapes remains poorly understood as the interplay between erosion and aeolian dust accretion in providing parent materials, and mineral weathering and pedogenesis, as dominant post depositional processes, depends on a variety of local and regional factors. Herein, we investigate the balance between erosion and aeolian dust accretion in the formation [...]
Eddy-mean flow interaction with a Multiple Scale Quasi Geostrophic model
Published: 2023-06-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Parameterization of mesoscale eddies in coarse resolution ocean models are necessary to include the effect of eddies on the large-scale oceanic circulation. We propose to use a multiple-scale quasi geostrophic model to capture the eddy dynamics that develop in response to a prescribe large-scale flow. The multiple scale quasi geostrophic model consists in extending the traditional quasi [...]
Metabasic Rocks as Important Nitrogen Carriers to Forearc Depths: Implications for Deep Nitrogen Cycling
Published: 2023-06-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding deep nitrogen (N) cycling better requires investigating the delivery of N to subduction systems via various lithologies. Input to subduction zones through mafic rocks is more voluminous and massive as compared to sedimentary rocks which calls for a thorough investigation of the behavior of N in metabasic rocks. Here we estimate the delivery of N to subduction zones at fore-arc [...]
Assessing the relative importance of methane super-emitters and diffuse area sources in quantifying total emissions for oil and gas production areas in Algeria
Published: 2023-06-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Methane emissions from oil and gas production provide an important and partly mitigable contribution to anthropogenic global warming. Here, we investigate 2020 emissions from the largest gas field in Algeria, Hassi R'Mel, and the oil production dominated area of Hassi Messaoud. We first use methane data from the high-resolution (20 m) Sentinel-2 instrument to identify eleven point source [...]
Pb diffusion in magnetite: dating magnetite crystallization and the timing of remanent magnetization in banded iron formation
Published: 2023-06-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ferrimagnetic mineral magnetite (Fe3O4) is abundant in banded iron formation (BIFs), and has the potential to provide U-Pb or Pb-Pb age information on these rocks because it incorporates small amounts of U during growth. Combined with age measurements, paleomagnetic studies of BIF magnetites may also yield insight into the history of Earth’s magnetic field and its relationship to early [...]
Water discharge and sediment flux intermittency in the fluvial Escanilla Formation, Spain: Implications for changes in stratigraphic architecture
Published: 2023-06-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Water discharge and sediment flux variations are important parameters controlling the morphodynamical behavior of rivers. Although quantitative estimates for discharge and flux variability are well constrained for modern rivers, far fewer assessments of flow and sediment flux intermittency in ancient fluvial systems from the rock record are available. In this study we explore the relationship [...]
Is there Information in Residuals: Hydrograph and Recession Flows Predictions using Deep Learning?
Published: 2023-06-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines streamflow simulations using deep learning (DL) to: (1) Understand why global DL models trained on multiple watersheds outperform local DL models trained on single watersheds, given the watershed uniqueness hypothesis and (2) Improve recession flow simulation accuracy. It introduces a novel global-local (GL) modeling strategy, where global model outputs are fed as input to a [...]
Tectonic-metamorpic evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, southwest Yukon
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A wealth of information regarding the Mesozoic evolution of the Northern Canadian and Alaskan Cordillera is held within a series of variably metamorphosed and deformed Jura-Cretaceous basins. Located at the interface between the pericratonic Intermontane and exotic Insular terranes, these basins may prove key to understanding the timing and tectonic style of Insular terrane accretion, a topic of [...]
Geochemistry, classification characteristics and mineralization potential of Pegmatites from Oke Ode, Kwara-State, Northeastern, Nigeria: implications for provenance and weathering history
Published: 2023-06-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geochemical analysis of eight (8) representative pegmatite samples reveals high silica (SiO2) 56-62.05 wt % and alumina (Al2O3) 6.80-8.39 wt % contents. The alumina (Al2O3) is greater than the alkali Na2O + K2O +CaO in all the rock samples by values ranging between 0.79 and 1.25wt % implying that the rocks are peraluminous. MgO (0.00-0.00wt%), CaO (1.65-1.86wt %) and Fe2O3 (2.89-3.86 wt %) have [...]
Modeling the behaviour of sulfur in magmatic systems from source to surface: Application to Whakaari/White Island, Aotearoa New Zealand, and Etna, Italy
Published: 2023-06-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Our understanding of the role of volcanoes in the global sulfur cycle and how volcanic gas emissions can be used to monitor volcanoes is limited by the complex interactions between hydrothermal systems and volcanic sulfur emissions. Hydrothermal systems influence the amount and speciation of volcanogenic sulfur, which is ultimately released to the surface/atmosphere via a range of physicochemical [...]
Automated detecting, segmenting and measuring of grains in images of fluvial sediments: The potential for large and precise data from specialist deep learning models and transfer learning
Published: 2023-06-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The size of sedimentary particles in rivers bears information on the sediment entrainment or deposition mechanisms and the hydraulic conditions controlling them. However, collecting such data from coarse-grained sediments is work intensive, both in the field and remotely. Therefore, attention has turned to machine learning models to improve the data acquisition. Despite their success, current [...]
Projected Changes in Hot, Dry and Compound Hot-Dry Extremes over Global Land Regions
Published: 2023-06-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The impacts of hot, dry and compound hot-dry extremes are significant for societies, economies and ecosystems worldwide. Such events therefore need to be assessed in the light of anthropogenic climate change so that suitable adaptation measures can be implemented by governments and stakeholders. Here we show a comprehensive analysis of hot, dry and compound hot-dry extremes over global land [...]
From space-time landslide susceptibility to landslide risk forecast
Published: 2023-06-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The literature on landslide susceptibility is rich with examples that span a large number of topics. However, the component that pertains to the extension of the susceptibility framework toward space-time modeling is largely unexplored. This statement is even more valid when looking at the landslide risk context, where hardly any scientific contribution investigates risk dynamics in space and [...]