Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences

A consistent terminology to communicate ground-related uncertainty

Georg H. Erharter, Suzanne Lacasse, Franz Tschuchnigg

Published: 2024-03-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Risk Analysis, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Statistics and Probability

Engineering geology is highly affected by uncertainty related to the geology, geotechnical parameters, models used and methods. While the technical aspects of ground-related uncertainty are increasingly investigated, the terminology to communicate uncertainty (i.e. phrases such as “it is very likely that”) has not yet been unified and experts use it however they see fit. The problem arises that [...]

Grüneisen parameter formalism in the study of the Earth's core formation: a sensitivity study

Vincent Clesi, Renaud Deguen

Published: 2024-03-21
Subjects: Condensed Matter Physics, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Mineral Physics, Other Earth Sciences, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Mineral Physics, Planetary Sciences

The Grüneisen parameter is an important parameter for the thermal state and evolution of the core, but its uncertainties and their implications are sometimes overlooked . Several formalisms using different parameters values have been used in different studies, making comparison between studies difficult. In this paper, we use previously published datasets to test the sensitivity of modeling the [...]

Field geology under the sea with a remotely operated vehicle: Mona Rift, Puerto Rico

Uri S ten Brink, Jason D Chaytor, Or M Bialik, et al.

Published: 2024-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences

We implemented concepts of field geology at great ocean depths by constructing virtual outcrops from a string of overlapping video frames collected by remotely operated vehicles (ROV). This lower cost alternative to drilling boreholes allows stratigraphic extension into the offshore and for regional interpretation of marine seismic profiles. The imagery was collected along a dive transect on the [...]

Spatiotemporal forecast of extreme events in a dynamical model of earthquake sequences

Hojjat Kaveh, Jean-Philippe Avouac, Andrew Mark Stuart

Published: 2024-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Seismic (‘earthquakes’) and aseismic (‘slow earthquakes’) slip events result from episodic slips on faults and are often chaotic due to stress heterogeneity. Their predictability in nature is a widely open question. Here, we forecast extreme events in a numerical model of a single fault governed by rate-and-state friction, which produces realistic sequences of slow events with a wide range of [...]

Brittle origin of off-fault fractures during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence

Enrico Milanese, Camilla Cattania

Published: 2024-03-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure

According to the classical Mohr-Coulomb-Anderson theory, faults form at an angle from the largest regional compressive stress that is approximately 30° for most rocks. However, real settings are more complex and faults often present orientations inconsistent with the angles predicted by the classical theory applied to the present-day regional stress field. The Ridgecrest region hosts a young [...]

Assessing the mean output rate (MOR) of past effusive basaltic eruptions - a look at the postglacial volcanism of the Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland

Birgir Vilhelm Oskarsson, Robert A. Askew, Halldór Guðmundsson

Published: 2024-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

Volcanological approaches for assessing the effusion rate of past effusive volcanism are of great importance, to enable proper evaluation of the eruption magnitude and past tectono-magmatic conditions which are relevant for mitigating future volcanism. The reactivation of volcanism on the Reykjanes peninsula in 2021 after an 800-year hiatus, has incited the need for assessing the potential scale [...]

Carbon dioxide migration along faults at the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project revealed using time shift analysis of seismic monitoring data

Idris Bukar, Rebecca E. Bell, Ann Muggeridge, et al.

Published: 2024-03-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Large scale underground storage of CO2 is being deployed worldwide to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Modelling studies have investigated the possible risks from the CO2 migrating along faults, but this has not yet been observed. We were able to identify such CO2 migration at a commercial-scale, demonstration CO2 storage project, the Illinois Basin - Decatur Project, including [...]

Plant controls over tropical wetland nitrous oxide dynamics: a review

Hannah Cooper, Scott Davidson, Vincent Gauci, et al.

Published: 2024-03-07
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Tropical wetlands are an important global source of greenhouse gas emissions, including nitrous oxide, a potent and long-last greenhouse gas. Tropical wetland ecosystems can be highly heterogeneous, featuring a variety of vegetation types, from grasses through to palms and mangroves. A variety of plant-mediated processes can exert key controls over wetland plant/soil nitrogen transportation and [...]

The role of salt diapirism in controlling the sedimentology and distribution of deep-water deposits, Pierce Field, East Central Graben, North Sea

Clara Abu, Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson

Published: 2024-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure

Passively rising diapirs control flank deformation (i.e., within 1 km of the salt-sediment interface) and resultant stratigraphic architecture of syn-kinematic units. Growth strata associated with deformation at the flanks of passive diapirs are known as halokinetic sequences. Very few studies have conducted an integrated analysis of composite halokinetic sequences, CHS (stacked halokinetic [...]

Three-dimensional mineral dendrites reveal a non-classical crystallization pathway

Zhaoliang Hou, Dawid Woś, Cornelius Tschegg, et al.

Published: 2024-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics

Manganese (Mn) dendrites are a common type of mineral dendrite that typically forms two-dimensional structures on rock surfaces. Three-dimensional (3D) Mn dendrites in rocks have rarely been reported, hence their growth implications have largely escaped attention. Here, we combine high-resolution X-ray and electron-based data with numerical modelling to give the first detailed description of [...]

MYTH-BUSTING: WAS PULAU TIGA REALLY FIRST CREATED BY A MUD VOLCANO ERUPTION IN 1897?

Mark Tingay

Published: 2024-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

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EStreams: An Integrated Dataset and Catalogue of Streamflow, Hydro-Climatic Variables and Landscape Descriptors for Europe

Thiago V. M. do Nascimento, Julia Rudlang, Marvin Höge, et al.

Published: 2024-03-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology

Global hydrology datasets have become increasingly available, contributing to important scientific advances. However, in Europe, only a few such datasets were published and they only capture a fraction of the wealth of information national data providers have. We present “EStreams”, an extensive catalogue of openly available stream records and a dataset of hydro-climatic variables and landscape [...]

Groundwater in the age of plastic

Bertil Nlend, Dan Lapworth, Michaela Cashman, et al.

Published: 2024-03-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Among the emerging contaminants, microplastics (1-5,000 µm) are becoming an important issue due to their ubiquity in the environment. However, research on this emerging contaminant has been conducted mainly in marine surface waters while microplastics (MPs) are now being found in even the most remote parts of the environment. For example, in groundwater which is the primary water source which [...]

Estimating irrigation water use from remotely sensed evapotranspiration data: Accuracy and uncertainties across spatial scales

Sam Zipper, Jude Kastens, Timothy Foster, et al.

Published: 2024-02-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Sustainability, Water Resource Management

Irrigated agriculture is the dominant use of water globally, but most water withdrawals are not monitored or reported. As a result, it is largely unknown when, where, and how much water is used for irrigation. Here, we evaluated the ability of remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) data, integrated with other datasets, to calculate irrigation water withdrawals and applications in an [...]

Challenges of applying an embedded domain specific language for performance portability to Earth system models

Yen-Sen Lu, Daniel Caviedes-Voullième, Olaf Stein, et al.

Published: 2024-02-26
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Earth Sciences

Weather and climate modeling, reliant on substantial computational resources, faces challenges of escalating resource demands and energy consumption as problem sizes and model complexity increase. Leveraging Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) for accelerated simulations demands performance portability across diverse High Performance Computing (HPC) architectures. The concept of embedded Domain [...]

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