Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Mineral properties identified as most influential drivers of mineral-associated organic carbon formation using a community-based sorption database
Published: 2026-01-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage has the potential to substantially offset anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Globally, mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) constitutes the majority of SOC (~65%) and represents a more persistent SOC pool for sequestration. However, the factors controlling how much organic carbon sorbs to soil minerals remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to [...]
Scene-based spectral characterization of spaceborne imaging spectrometers in different spectral windows
Published: 2026-01-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences
Accurate knowledge of the spectral response of spaceborne imaging spectrometers, including center wavelength (CW) and full width at half maximum (FWHM), is essential for reliable retrievals of atmospheric and surface parameters from at-sensor radiance data. Pre-flight characterizations often fail to capture changes in spectral response arising from launch, orbital conditions, and instrument [...]
Increasing temperatures controlled rockfall activity in the Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda) over the past 11,000 years
Published: 2026-01-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
Rockfalls and other gravitational mass movements are expected to become more frequent under ongoing global warming in temperate and cold mountainous regions. In contrast, although high numbers of rockfalls are observed in humid tropical mountains, the processes controlling their occurrence remain poorly understood. These warmer regions offer valuable natural laboratories for anticipating the [...]
Astronomical pacing of the Ludfordian Biogeochemical Event, the largest carbon cycle perturbation of the Phanerozoic
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Stratigraphy
The Kosov Quarry section (Prague Basin, Czech Republic) preserves one of the most complete Silurian successions spanning the Ludfordian (late Silurian) Biogeochemical Event (LBE), encompassing the mid-Ludfordian Carbon Isotope Excursion (MLCIE), the largest positive δ13Ccarb excursion of the Phanerozoic. The LBE is associated with climatic cooling, redox reorganisation, sea-level change, and [...]
Reconstruction of plate tectonic evolution and orogenesis of the Central Tethysides (Iran, Afghanistan) since the Permian
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
The Central Tethysides constitute the Iranian and Afghan section of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt. Two large sutures in the north and south are widely considered to represent the closed Paleo- and Neotethys ocean, respectively, with a 'Cimmerian' continent in between that traveled from Gondwana-Land to Eurasia in the Permo-Triassic and reconnected with Arabia in the late Oligocene. However, [...]
Comment on Rodríguez Collantes et al. A New Earth Crustal Velocity Field Estimation from ROA cGNSS Station Networks in the South of Spain and North Africa. Remote Sens. 2025, 17, 704
Published: 2026-01-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
In their recent study, Rodríguez Collantes et al. presented a new GNSS velocity field from the Royal Institute and Observatory of the Spanish Navy (ROA) network, deployed in southern Spain and northern Africa. However, their claims regarding the novelty of certain results and the precision of their findings compared to recent publications are questionable. I present previous studies not cited by [...]
Reviewing chronostratigraphic uncertainty of the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition
Published: 2026-01-02
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Stratigraphy
The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition archives the widespread disappearance of ‘Ediacaran-type’ soft-bodied biota and the appearance of most modern animal body plans, including a major diversification of skeletal animals and styles of animal-substrate interaction. Despite over a century of study, our ability to confidently reconstruct the series of macroevolutionary events that inform origination and [...]
Land subsidence in Jakarta in Three Dimensions (2014-2025) using InSAR-GNSS Datum Connection and the Strapdown Decomposition
Published: 2025-12-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Coastal megacities face compounding hazards from rising sea levels and land subsidence. Jakarta, one of the fastest-sinking megacities, already experiences recurrent flooding amplified by rapid land subsidence. Assessing and mitigating this hazard requires reliable estimates of three-dimensional ground motion over wide spatial and temporal scales in a well-defined geodetic reference frame and [...]
Hydrological and landscape controls on dissolved organic matter dynamics in European wetlands
Published: 2025-12-28
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Climate, Earth Sciences, Fresh Water Studies
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key component in aquatic ecosystems, representing the main source of energy for microbial metabolism and playing a crucial role in C sequestration and export. Its optical properties (absorption and fluorescence) provide integrated information on its quality (average molecular weight and aromaticity degree, main sources, presence of protein like and humic-like [...]
Liquefaction as an energetic instability of saturated granular systems – Density control and static enthalpy equilibrium
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Materials Science and Engineering, Mining Engineering, Other Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Liquefaction of saturated granular materials is commonly interpreted within stress-based frameworks that rely on the existence of an intact grain skeleton. At the onset of liquefaction, however, the contact network collapses and effective stress ceases to be a meaningful state variable. This work reformulates liquefaction as an enthalpy-driven instability of the coupled grain–water system and [...]
Multi-frequency Teleseismic P-wave Back-projection of the 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka Peninsula Earthquake
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences
A great megathrust earthquake with moment magnitude Mw 8.8 struck off the Kamchatka Peninsula on July 29, 2025, generating a Pacific-wide tsunami and rupturing a segment of the Kuril–Kamchatka subduction zone that has repeatedly hosted M9-class earthquakes. We apply multi-frequency teleseismic P-wave back-projection (BP) analysis using six frequency bands spanning 0.003–2.0 Hz to investigate the [...]
Assessing the effects of restoration and conservation on gaseous carbon fluxes and climate mitigation capacity across six European coastal wetlands
Published: 2025-12-23
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Climate, Earth Sciences, Fresh Water Studies
Coastal wetlands play a substantial role in regulating Earth’s climate through exchanges of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Current European policies promote widespread coastal wetland restoration to reverse historical losses and ongoing pressures. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding how CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes respond to restoration across different coastal wetland types and whether these [...]
Pyrogeography of extraordinary wildfires
Published: 2025-12-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Extraordinary wildfires – defined by anomalous fire behaviour, physical attributes, paleo-ecological context, spatiotemporal scales, or consequences – have emerged as defining features of the global wildfire crisis. Extraordinary wildfires have profound impacts on ecosystems, climate, air quality, and human societies. In this Review, we characterise key dimensions of extraordinary wildfires, [...]
Spatial Clustering and Reservoir Analysis: An Expert-Guided Synergy Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) Machine Learning Technique on Volve and Norne Fields
Published: 2025-12-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
This study introduces an expert-guided application for clustering production wells using Machine Learning (ML), focusing on the Volve and Norne Field datasets to optimise reservoir analysis and decision-making. The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm was employed for clustering and further enhanced by spatial visualisation through Voronoi polygons on topographic maps. The study presents a [...]
DYCOVE: A Python package for coupling dynamic vegetation processes with hydro-morphodynamic models
Published: 2025-12-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Vegetation growth in coastal environments plays an important role in shaping coastal morphology (Kirwan et al., 2016; Kleinhans et al., 2018; Mariotti & Fagherazzi, 2010; Schwarz et al., 2018; Temmerman et al., 2005, 2007). Hydrodynamic and morphodynamic (numerical) models are used widely for understanding the processes that impact coastal systems, and they inform management strategies for [...]