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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences

PDCD-DAT – A global database of pyroclastic density current deposit field data

Joshua Brown, Rebecca Williams, Sarah Ogburn, et al.

Published: 2025-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Pyroclastic density currents represent one of the deadliest hazards posed by active volcanoes. Analysis of their deposits provides valuable insights into their internal dynamics and informs numerical simulations of pyroclastic density currents which underpin many volcanic hazard assessments. We present PDCD-DAT, a global database of pyroclastic density current deposit characteristics compiled [...]

Lagged impacts of groundwater pumping on streamflow due to stream drying: Incorporation into analytical streamflow depletion estimation methods

Sam Zipper, Ian Gambill, Monty Schmitt, et al.

Published: 2025-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability, Water Resource Management

Water management often requires accounting for reductions in streamflow caused by groundwater pumping (‘streamflow depletion’). Since streamflow depletion cannot be quantified from observational data, it is typically modeled. Analytical depletion functions (ADFs) are a low-cost, low-complexity approach for estimating streamflow depletion with utility for decision support, but ADFs adopt several [...]

The Stotfield silcrete (or ‘Stotfield Cherty Rock’), Moray, eastern Scotland: Characterization and discussion of an archaeologically important lithic raw material

Torben Bjarke Ballin, J Faithfull

Published: 2025-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Human Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences

We describe and discuss a lithic raw material new to Scottish prehistoric research: the Stotfield silcrete or Stotfield Cherty Rock. This material was well-known to Scottish geologists, but it was only recently realized that it had been used by prehistoric people in Moray, eastern Scotland. We describe our examination of archaeological Stotfield silcrete, as well as field information relating to [...]

Operational Flood Forecasting System in Denmark – Integrating Groundwater and Surface-water

Jun Liu, Julian Koch, Simon Stisen, et al.

Published: 2025-06-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology

Most operational flood forecasting systems provide predictions of pluvial and fluvial floods, often neglecting groundwater flooding processes. Groundwater flooding occurs when natural drainage system cannot drain water away quick enough, causing the water table to rise above ground. This study presents an operational integrated flood forecasting system that combines surface water and groundwater [...]

WITHDRAWN: Constraining the onset of future irreversible retreat of Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica

Lena Nicola, Julius Garbe, Ann Kristin Klose, et al.

Published: 2025-06-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology

withdrawn

A century of flow and surge history of Sít’ Tlein(Malaspina Glacier), Southeast Alaska

Victor Devaux-Chupin, Martin Truffer, Douglas Brinkerhoff, et al.

Published: 2025-06-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Sít' Tlein (Malaspina Glacier), located in Southeast Alaska, has a complex flow history. This piedmont glacier, the largest in the world of its kind, is fed by three main tributaries that all exhibit similar flow patterns, yet with varying surge cycles. The piedmont lobe is dramatically reshaped by surges that occur at approximately decadal timescales. By combining historical accounts with modern [...]

Combined thermodynamic-kinetic-competitive controls on anaerobic respiration pathways and the chemistry of natural waters

Sergei Katsev, Itay Halevy

Published: 2025-06-13
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences

Microbial metabolisms underpin geochemical cycling in nearly all of the Earth's biosphere. Anaerobic pathways of carbon mineralization by iron and sulfate reduction and methanogenesis, in particular, have existed over most of Earth history and have been central in shaping the chemistry of the oceans and atmosphere. The governing principles by which microbial metabolisms contribute to water-column [...]

Comprehensive quantification of production costs for large-scale kelp aquaculture and cost reduction opportunities

Zachary Moscicki, Adam St. Gelais, Struan Coleman, et al.

Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Natural Resource Economics, Other Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A highly realistic techno-economic analysis (TEA) was developed to assess the cost of production (COP, US $ per fresh tonne kelp) for large-scale kelp aquaculture. The TEA resolves feedbacks across structural design and response, operational requirements and decisions, site properties, and biological response. We apply the TEA to a Saccharina latissima farming operation at a 100m deep, 405 [...]

The geomorphological and sedimentological legacy of the historical Lake Lorsch within the Weschnitz floodplain (northeastern Upper Rhine Graben, Germany)

Felix Henselowsky, Peter Fischer, Elena Appel, et al.

Published: 2025-06-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology

The artificial historical Lake Lorsch (1474/79 to 1718/20 CE) in the northeastern Upper Rhine Graben (Germany) is known from various historical sources, e.g. for fish farming, as a significant anthropogenic imprint of the Weschnitz floodplain. Nevertheless, there have been no geomorphological and sedimentological investigations about the (quasi-)natural context for the creation of the lake, its [...]

Quantifying sulfur speciation in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids

Gleb S. Pokrovski

Published: 2025-06-11
Subjects: Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Inorganic Chemistry, Natural Resource Economics, Physical Chemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Quantitative knowledge of sulfur speciation in the fluid phase is key to understanding sulfur degassing from magmas and its transfer along with metals by fluids across the lithosphere. Farsang and Zajacz(1) recently reported new sulfur speciation data using Raman spectroscopy measurements on aqueous H2SO4-NaCl(-KCl) solutions trapped as synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz at 875 °C and 2 kbar [...]

Data-Driven Facies Prediction: A Comparative Study of Random Forest, XGBoost, SVM, CatBoost, and K-Means

Muhammad Risha, Paul Liu

Published: 2025-06-10
Subjects: Analysis, Earth Sciences, Geology, Sedimentology

Facies classification plays a critical role in characterizing subsurface heterogeneity and supporting effective reservoir development. Traditional methods, which often rely on core interpretation and manual log analysis, are limited by subjective interpretation and sparse data coverage. This study aims to improve facies prediction by comparing the performance of five machine learning models: [...]

Linked canyons and fans communicate through a migrating bedrock-alluvial transition

Li Zhang, Gary Parker, Jeffrey Nittrouer, et al.

Published: 2025-06-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The evolution of net-erosional fluvial landscapes is often treated separately from net-depositional fluvial landscapes, using different methods and different data input. Yet these landscapes are often tightly linked by means of a moving-boundary bedrock-alluvial transition. We consider a linked canyon-fan system in the setting of a Basin and Range province, basing our work loosely on Rainbow [...]

Coupled trace element and Hf-isotope measurements of Hadean through Paleoarchean zircons from the Singhbhum Craton indicate derivation from a long-lived, mantle-derived protocrust

Heather Kirkpatrick, Emily Stoll, Nadja Drabon

Published: 2025-06-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology

Due to the dearth of rock records during the Hadean, little is known about early crustal chemistry and geodynamics. Here, we present zircon trace and rare earth element and Lu-Hf measurements of zircons ~ 3.3 Ga to ~ 4.2 Ga from the Older Metamorphic Tonalitic Gneiss in the Singhbhum Craton to better understand geodynamic changes during the Hadean and Archean. We find decreasing, subchondritic [...]

Supershear source model of the 2025 M7.8 Myanmar earthquake and paleoseismology of the Sagaing Fault: regions of significant overlap with past earthquakes

Diego Melgar, Ray Weldon, Yu Wang, et al.

Published: 2025-06-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The 2025 Mw 7.8 earthquake on the central Sagaing Fault is one of the most destructive seismic events in Myanmar's recorded history, producing near-fault shaking exceeding Modified Mercalli Intensity X and impacting tens of millions of people across Southeast Asia. We present a detailed kinematic rupture model of the event based on joint inversion of regional strong motion waveforms and [...]

Spatiotemporal dynamics of floodplain patterns during the last 400 years south of Leipzig - A regional scale analysis

Johannes Schmidt, Sophie Lindemann, Felicitas Geißler, et al.

Published: 2025-06-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Remote Sensing, Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Elster-Pleiße floodplain south of Leipzig has undergone significant hydromorphological changes over the past centuries, influenced by both natural processes and anthropogenic interventions. This study employs high-resolution LiDAR-based fluvial-geomorphological mapping (1x1 m resolution) and old maps analyses to reconstruct past river dynamics and identify shifts in channel morphology. [...]

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