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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences

Geochemical characteristics of orthopyroxene-bearing metamorphosed lithologies in the northern Chilka lake area, Eastern Ghats belt, India: Insights into the original nature and petrogenesis of precursors

Joel George

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The northern Chilka Lake area stone quarries expose a high-grade terrane comprising a metapelitic suite interbanded with orthopyroxene-bearing gneisses and garnet-biotite leucogneisses (leptynites). This study presents bulk-rock and mineral chemistry data of the orthopyroxene-bearing units to evaluate the true nature of their protoliths and to comment on their petrogenesis. Field, petrographic, [...]

Reduced-order modelling of Cascadia’s slow slip cycles

Yohai Magen, Dave A May, Alice-Agnes Gabriel

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Slow-slip events (SSEs) modulate the earthquake cycle in subduction zones, yet understanding their physics remains challenging due to sparse observations and high computational cost of physics-based simulations. We present a scientific machine-learning approach using a data-driven reduced-order modeling (ROM) framework to efficiently simulate the SSE cycle governed by rate-and-state friction in a [...]

A Spatial Analysis of the Groundwater Emergence Flood Hazard in Long Island, New York and near Coastal Areas Surrounding Long Island Sound in New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

Kristina K Masterson, Robert J. Welk, Janet R. Barclay, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Long Island, New York and near coastal areas surrounding Long Island Sound are densely populated and, like other coastal areas, are susceptible to flooding from several potential sources, including stormwater from precipitation events, tidal flooding and storm surge, and groundwater inundation or groundwater emergence flooding. The latter refers to the intersection of a rising water table with [...]

Slowly migrating fracture swarms in an actively serpentinizing borehole

John M. Aiken, Fabian Barras, Francois Renard, et al.

Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Peridotite rocks are primary targets for engineered geological carbon sequestration efforts because they accommodate transfer carbon from aqueous fluids to rock during alteration reactions. Sequestration efforts must necessarily open fractures in the rocks surrounding a pumped borehole, but the current understanding of fracture growth during serpentinization of peridotite is limited to [...]

Shear localization as a key control on mass-transport complexes seal integrity: insights from geophysical datasets

Zhenghao Han, Nan Wu, Jinfeng Ren, et al.

Published: 2025-07-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sedimentology

Mass-transport complexes (MTCs), existing in all sedimentary basins worldwide, can serve as effective seals for hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide storage due to shear-induced overcompaction. However, localized seal failure is occasionally observed in specific part of the MTCs, leading to hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide leakage and posing potential threats to seabed stability. Due to the scarcity of [...]

Assessing uncertainty of source rock properties using Monte Carlo basin modeling – Application to Canning Basin, Australia

Jiayuan Huang, Tapan Mukerji

Published: 2025-07-24
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Stratigraphy

This study presents a Monte Carlo basin modeling framework for quantifying uncertainty in source rock property predictions by integrating geological, geophysical, and geochemical inputs. The approach accounts for variability in petrological parameters from rock physics inversion, paleo-erosion magnitudes, organic facies properties, and boundary conditions to simulate source rock properties such [...]

Data Assimilation in Reduced-order Model of Chaotic Earthquake Sequences

Hojjat Kaveh, Jean-Philippe Avouac, Andrew Mark Stuart

Published: 2025-07-22
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Realistic models of earthquake sequences can be simulated by assuming faults governed by rate-and-state friction embedded in an elastic medium. Exploring the possibility of using such models for earthquake forecasting is challenging due to the difficulty of integrating Partial Differential Equation (PDE) models with sparse, low-resolution observational data. This paper presents a [...]

A new method of assessing Climate Sensitivity.

Chris Barnes

Published: 2025-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Planetary Sciences

Abstract— The IPCC regards carbon dioxide as the most relevant driver of climate warming and their Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) refines this to a likely range of 2.5°C to 4.0°C and a very likely range of 2.0°C to 5.0°C for climate sensitivity to a doubling of present levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Since this is a very large range the need exists to find a method to better quantify climate [...]

Tephra fallout and associated deposits (Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, 3rd edition, book chapter)

Marco Pistolesi, Paul G. Albert, Alvaro Aravena Ponce, et al.

Published: 2025-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

The lifecycle of volcanic fall deposits begins with explosive fragmentation, continues as particles rise through the atmosphere, and culminates with sedimentation on the ground. This chapter explores how fall deposits can reveal the unique eruption and transport processes that shaped them. While we can directly observe modern eruptions to understand their dynamics, unobserved volcanic events are [...]

Holocene relative sea-level changes from the Atlantic coast of South America

Karla Rubio-Sandoval, Timothy Shaw, Matteo Vacchi, et al.

Published: 2025-07-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology

Holocene sea-level changes along the Atlantic coast of South America reflect a complex interplay between glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA), regional tectonics, and local sedimentary processes. However, the uneven spatial and temporal resolution of existing sea-level data has hindered regional-scale assessments. Here, we compile and standardize 1108 relative sea-level (RSL) data points from [...]

Ice dynamic and hydrological response to ice-dammed lake drainages at Isunnguata Sermia, West Greenland

Stephen Livingstone, Robert Storrar, Samuel Doyle, et al.

Published: 2025-07-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Ice-marginal lakes are increasingly common around Greenland and are important for modulating glacier runoff and dynamics. This study investigates the evolution of a ~3 km2 and up to ~100 m deep ice-dammed lake at Isunnguata Sermia, West Greenland. Satellite observations between 1987 and 2024, and field observations of a 2023 drainage using passive seismics, GNSS and time-lapse imagery reveal that [...]

Comments on “Osmosis Drives Explosions and Methane Release in Siberian Permafrost” by Morgado et al. 2024

Helge Hellevang, Mats Rouven Ippach, Mohammad Nooraiepour

Published: 2025-07-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences

This commentary addresses the model proposed by Morgado et al. (2024) in their paper, “Osmosis Drives Explosions and Methane Release in Siberian Permafrost.” The model explores the role of osmotic pressures in explaining the formation of gas escape craters in the Western Siberian permafrost. While it presents a novel perspective on permafrost dynamics under climate change, three significant [...]

Artificial Intelligence in Climate Science: A State-of-the-Art Review (2020–2025)

Vikas Ramachandra

Published: 2025-07-15
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Statistics and Probability

Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events and posing complex challenges to human and natural systems. In parallel, rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer new tools to tackle climate science problems. AI can analyze vast climate datasets, improve forecasts, and optimize climate solutions at scales and speeds beyond traditional methods. For [...]

Statistical rock physics inversion for assessing source rock properties from seismic signatures: an application to the Canning Basin, Australia

Jiayuan Huang, Allegra Hosford Scheirer, Tapan Mukerji

Published: 2025-07-15
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability

Quantifying petrophysical properties and potentials of source rocks is important for subsurface modeling and characterization. However, predicting these properties using seismic signatures and well-log information is a high-dimensional, nonlinear inverse problem, and is subject to uncertainty due to data ambiguities. In this study, a statistical rock physics inversion workflow is proposed to [...]

Volcano-tectonic controls on magmatic evolution at Campi Flegrei, Italy: insights from thermodynamic modelling

Fay M Amstutz, Michael Stock, Victoria C Smith, et al.

Published: 2025-07-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

Campi Flegrei caldera (Naples, southern Italy) is one of the most hazardous volcanoes on Earth, having produced more than 70 eruptions in the past 15 kyr, and currently showing significant signs of unrest within a densely populated part of Europe. Post-15 ka eruptions span a range of eruptive styles and compositions, which broadly correlate with the spatial and structural location of vents within [...]

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