Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
The Origin of Forearc Depressions
Published: 2024-08-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure
Forearc depressions form over continental subduction zones with young, slowly subducting slabs and thick trench fills. They are bound seaward by a coast range and landward by a volcanic arc such that subsidence in forearc depressions occurs between orogens and in areas characterized by plate convergence. We propose a model for forearc depression formation based on geophysical and seismic data [...]
Complex and confined laboratory ruptures explain scaling of the critical slip distance for earthquake faulting
Published: 2024-08-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Earthquake sequences in nature are complex, exhibiting a range of magnitudes and slip behaviors. In contrast, earthquake-like instabilities generated on frictional faults in the laboratory and in continuum numerical models are usually quasi-periodic with a smaller range of magnitudes and durations. The discrepancy, especially apparent for cm-sized samples used in lab friction experiments, has [...]
Novel landforms: integrating people as key drivers of process and form in geomorphology
Published: 2024-08-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology
People alter the earth’s surface in diverse and prolific ways, from enhancing physical and chemical erosion to controlling water transport across drainage networks. These modifications are often faster, more extensive, and wholly novel when compared to natural landscape evolutionary processes. Existing literature largely portrays people as independent of a landscape’s geologic and climatic [...]
A methodologically robust seasonal snow densification function from Soviet North Pole drifting station data
Published: 2024-08-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rapid Fault Leakage Modeling for CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifers
Published: 2024-08-12
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Petroleum Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis
Simulating the fluid flow along fault zones at different scales is essential for predicting the CO2 leakage and containment during injection and storage. However, this can be challenging, especially in the early stages of a storage project when knowledge of the reservoir and caprock is limited and the cost of obtaining the relevant data is high. This study proposes a tool for fast screening of [...]
Reconstructing past sea-level changes from storm-built beach ridges
Published: 2024-08-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Sedimentology
Storm-built beach ridges, built by waves on sedimentary coasts, can be used as geomorphological indicators of past sea level. However, quantifying the relationship between the geomorphological elements of the ridge and the paleo sea level at the time of deposition is difficult, as a beach ridge is primarily correlated to wave energy and only secondarily to the position of sea level. In this work, [...]
The cyclical nature of normal fault growth: Insights from 4D analogue models
Published: 2024-08-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Exploring how normal faults evolve is important for understanding the dynamic processes underlying the initiation and evolution of rift systems. Early-stage fault growth has been largely under-explored due to resolution limitations in seismic reflection data and the lack of three-dimensional exposures in the field. Physical analogue modelling offers a unique way to visualize and analyse [...]
Survival of the brightest: pIRIR dating of volcanic sediments in Sulawesi, Indonesia, using micro-aliquots of K-rich feldspar
Published: 2024-08-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Volcanic sediments are challenging to date with luminescence-based methods. Both main minerals used for dating—quartz and K-rich feldspar—commonly have suboptimal luminescence properties when of volcanic origins, primarily a low signal intensity and, for K-rich feldspars, high rates of anomalous fading. The present work provides a case study of the Leang Bulu Bettue (LBB) archaeological site in [...]
Denoising Daily Displacement GNSS-Time series using Deep Neural Networks In a Near Real-Time Framing: a Single-Station Method
Published: 2024-08-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Recent ground observations from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) displacement time series have provided compelling evidence that the motion of tectonic plates is ubiquitously non-steady-state. In some cases, these anomalous transient motions have been identified as potential precursors occurring months, days, or hours before large-magnitude earthquakes. However, effectively detecting [...]
Constraining Earth's core composition from inner core nucleation.
Published: 2024-08-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Mineral Physics, Planetary Sciences
Taphonomic Controls on a Multi-Element Skeletal Fossil Record
Published: 2024-08-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Animals with multi-element skeletons, including the vertebrates, echinoderms, and arthropods, are some of the most biodiverse and ecologically important animal groups. Understanding the relative impact of the myriad geological and biological factors which impact on the quality of multi-element skeletal fossils is thus crucial for disentangling perceived changes in biodiversity through time and [...]
On the influence of pressure, phase transitions, and water on large-scale seismic anisotropy underneath a subduction zone
Published: 2024-07-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Seismic anisotropy mainly originates from the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of minerals deformed in the convective mantle flow. While fabric transitions have been previously observed in experiments, their influence on large-scale anisotropy is not well documented. Here, we implement 2D geodynamic models of intra-oceanic subduction coupled with mantle fabric modelling to investigate [...]
Tomotectonics of Cordilleran North America since Jurassic times: double-sided subduction, archipelago collisions, and Baja-BC translation
Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Tomotectonics uses deep mantle structure in order to hindcast paleo-trenches, by spatially superposing subducted lithosphere (slabs) imaged by seismic tomography with plate reconstructions at the surface. The two geophysical datasets combined make predictions about geologic events, specifically about volcanic arcs and their collisions with continents. The tomotectonic null hypothesis is simple, [...]
LATTE: Open-source, high-performance acoustic and elastic traveltime computation, tomography, and source location
Published: 2024-07-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Towards automatic delineation of landslide source and runout
Published: 2024-07-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology, Mathematics
Mapping landslide-depleted source areas is pivotal for refining predictive models and volume estimations, yet these critical regions are often conflated with the landslide runouts, leading to sub-optimal assessments. The source areas are typically the regions where the actual failure occurs, providing crucial information on the initiation mechanisms and the nature of landslide propagation. [...]