Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Climate driven hydrologic nonstationarity patterns across the Contiguous United States
Published: 2025-08-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We calculated metrics of climate change, land use-land cover change, and hydrologic nonstationarity in 671 catchments across the Contiguous United States (CONUS) that are known not to have relatively little urbanization and anthropogenic land cover. Climate change is correlated with hydrologic nonstationarity in these basins. Land use-land cover change has no correlation with hydrologic [...]
Subsurface Lithologic Controls on Off-Fault Deformation and Multi-Fault Slip During the 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia Earthquake Revealed by Satellite Geodesy
Published: 2025-08-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Understanding the mechanisms controlling deformation localization is crucial for our understanding of fault mechanics and improving seismic hazard assessment, but has not been extensively studied for normal-faulting earthquakes. Here, we present a thorough analysis of the 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia, Italy, earthquake using high-resolution satellite geodesy. We investigate the degree of deformation [...]
On the Origin of Slow and Large Earthquakes in South-Central Mexico
Published: 2025-08-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Slow slip events (SSEs) in Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico, have likely triggered five of the last six M7+ earthquakes in the region since 2012. This interaction, however, is non-systematic, as evidenced by the preceding 17 years of large earthquake quiescence, when multiple SSEs occurred without consequence. The Mexican catalog since 1800 reveals that large earthquakes cluster in time every ~15 [...]
Geomodelling of multi-scenario non-stationary reservoirs with enhanced GANSim
Published: 2025-08-05
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Mining Engineering, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Reservoir geomodelling is critical for groundwater management, CO₂ storage, geothermal exploitation, and hydrocarbon exploration, yet traditional geostatistical methods like multiple-point statistics (MPS) struggle with simulating complex geological patterns. GANSim, a Generative Adversarial Networks-based geomodelling method, has proven effective for single-scenario stationary reservoirs, but [...]
Reconstructing Jezero Crater’s Paleoenvironment: Insights from Perseverance Rover and Orbital Data
Published: 2025-08-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Jezero Crater on Mars is a critical site for investigating ancient aqueous environments due to its preserved delta and lacustrine features. Reconstructing its paleoenvironmental history is essential for understanding Mars’ climate evolution and assessing its past habitability. This study integrates in-situ data from the Perseverance rover, including review for high-resolution imaging, [...]
Artificial Intelligence in Earth Science: A GeoAI Perspective
Published: 2025-08-03
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
GeoAI, or geospatial artificial intelligence, has transformative potential for Earth science by integrating geospatial data with artificial intelligence to enhance environmental monitoring, predictive modeling, and decision-making. This commentary, based on the Greg Leptoukh Lecture at AGU 2024, explores the evolving role of GeoAI in addressing pressing challenges—from environmental change in the [...]
Mantle-driven, climatically modulated landscape evolution in Southern Patagonia
Published: 2025-08-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences
We explore the relative importance of tectonic, geodynamic and surface processes in driving landscape evolution in Argentine Patagonia using 64 new 10Be exposure ages of fluvial terraces preserved over >250 km along the Shehuén and Santa Cruz rivers (50ºS). Terrace ages range from 33 ka to 1.5 Ma, and coincide with Patagonian glaciations. We demonstrate that landscapes can respond directly to [...]
Experiments to Systematically Evaluate the Role of Cohesion in River Morphodynamics
Published: 2025-07-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Engineering Science and Materials, Environmental Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Other Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences
While cohesion is thought to be an important control on sediment transport, few studies have systematically examined the role of cohesion in river morphodynamics. In this study we use simplified, small-scale laboratory experiments to investigate how increasing sediment cohesion affects the morphometrics of fluvial channels. Experiments were conducted in a laminar flume with a mixture of [...]
A novel experimental V-Sc olivine-melt oxybarometer for arc magmas
Published: 2025-07-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry
Redox conditions significantly affect phase equilibria, the availability and mobility of heterovalent elements, including volatiles (i.e., S) and metals (e.g., Fe, Cu) in silicate melts. Gaining a deeper understanding of the initial redox state of magmas may help better understand magmatic ore fertility, volcanic degassing, and the redox evolution of Earth's crust and atmosphere. This study [...]
Characterizing point-source carbon emissions by combining TROPOMI CO and OCO CO2 data.
Published: 2025-07-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding and independently validating carbon emissions from concentrated point sources is vital to support climate policy. Satellite-based quantifications of CO2 point source emissions have been limited by the spatial coverage of current satellite instruments. We combine three different satellite instruments to determine carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of seven large [...]
www.SewageMap.co.uk and POOPy: Open-source tools for understanding and communicating the environmental impacts of combined sewer overflows in real-time
Published: 2025-07-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Outdoor Education
Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) discharges occur when combined sewer systems exceed capacity leading to the discharge of untreated sewage and storm-water into rivers and seas. These events introduce pollutants such as microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and faecal matter into the environment, negatively impacting water-quality & ecosystems, as well as posing a risk to public health. In England, UK, [...]
Geochemical characteristics of orthopyroxene-bearing metamorphosed lithologies in the northern Chilka lake area, Eastern Ghats belt, India: Insights into the original nature and petrogenesis of precursors
Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The northern Chilka Lake area stone quarries expose a high-grade terrane comprising a metapelitic suite interbanded with orthopyroxene-bearing gneisses and garnet-biotite leucogneisses (leptynites). This study presents bulk-rock and mineral chemistry data of the orthopyroxene-bearing units to evaluate the true nature of their protoliths and to comment on their petrogenesis. Field, petrographic, [...]
Reduced-order modelling of Cascadia’s slow slip cycles
Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Slow-slip events (SSEs) modulate the earthquake cycle in subduction zones, yet understanding their physics remains challenging due to sparse observations and high computational cost of physics-based simulations. We present a scientific machine-learning approach using a data-driven reduced-order modeling (ROM) framework to efficiently simulate the SSE cycle governed by rate-and-state friction in a [...]
A Spatial Analysis of the Groundwater Emergence Flood Hazard in Long Island, New York and near Coastal Areas Surrounding Long Island Sound in New York, Connecticut, and Rhode Island
Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Long Island, New York and near coastal areas surrounding Long Island Sound are densely populated and, like other coastal areas, are susceptible to flooding from several potential sources, including stormwater from precipitation events, tidal flooding and storm surge, and groundwater inundation or groundwater emergence flooding. The latter refers to the intersection of a rising water table with [...]
Slowly migrating fracture swarms in an actively serpentinizing borehole
Published: 2025-07-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Peridotite rocks are primary targets for engineered geological carbon sequestration efforts because they accommodate transfer carbon from aqueous fluids to rock during alteration reactions. Sequestration efforts must necessarily open fractures in the rocks surrounding a pumped borehole, but the current understanding of fracture growth during serpentinization of peridotite is limited to [...]