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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences

A Millimeter-Scale Change in Leaf Litter Placement Within Soil-Water Interfaces Alters Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emission

Hao Liu, Yi-Ning Zhang, Yu-Jia Cai, et al.

Published: 2024-12-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Soil Science, Sustainability

Flooded soils play a critical role in global carbon cycling, serving as significant reservoirs of soil organic carbon and sources of carbon emissions. Leaf litter, particularly from local vegetation, is a major contributor to soil organic carbon formation in these ecosystems, with its decomposition driving the production of carbon dioxide and methane. While numerous studies have investigated the [...]

Machine Learning Predicts Pedestrian Wind Flow from Urban Morphology and Prevailing Wind Direction

Jiachen Lu, Wei Li, Sanaa Hobeichi, et al.

Published: 2024-11-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Pedestrian-level wind plays a critical role in shaping the urban microclimate and is significantly influenced by urban form and geometry. The most common method for determining spatial wind speed patterns in cities relies on numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, which resolve Navier-Stokes equations around buildings. While effective, these simulations are computationally [...]

Integration and Execution of Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) in a Containerized Environment

Junjie Yu, Yuan Sun, Sarah Lindley, et al.

Published: 2024-11-27
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences

The Community Land Model Urban (CLMU) is a process-based numerical urban climate model that simulates the interactions between the atmosphere and urban surfaces, serving as a powerful tool for the convergence of urban and climate science research. Despite its advanced capabilities, CLMU presents significant challenges for users unfamiliar with numerical modeling due to the complexities of model [...]

Evidence for large disturbances of the Ediacaran geomagnetic field from West Africa

Boris Robert, Fernando Corfu, Mathew Domeier, et al.

Published: 2024-11-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Constraining the paleogeography of the Ediacaran is crucial for understanding the extensive tectonic, biological and geochemical changes that occurred during that epoch. Paleomagnetism is an essential tool for reconstructing the Ediacaran paleogeography but it is complicated because the paleomagnetic data of that age display unusually fast and large directional oscillations. Two main competing [...]

Minibasin dynamics control sediment dispersal on a salt-detached slope: examples from the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Naiara Fernandez, Oliver B. Duffy, Frank Peel, et al.

Published: 2024-11-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Tectonics and Structure

Basal welds can halt the downslope translation of minibasins on salt-detached slopes, commonly giving rise to shortening and extension, updip and downdip, respectively, of the obstructed minibasins. How minibasin obstruction influences seafloor topography and thus deep-water sediment dispersal has not been previously investigated, despite it being an important control on hydrocarbon reservoir [...]

Microplastic transport and settling in the ocean: an interactive online teaching model to communicate scaling in environmental pollution

Mia Hughes, Ian Kane, Michael Andrew Clare

Published: 2024-11-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Science and Mathematics Education

Microplastics pervade the sea surface, the water column, and the deep seafloor. They are vectors for other pollutants, such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. A question remains as to how microplastics reach the seabed, over what time scales, and where they will end up. Many plastics initially float due to their low density, or to being incorporated into items with air cavities, [...]

Granular column collapse: Analysing the effects of gravity levels

Yucheng LI, Bowen Wang, Raul Fuentes

Published: 2024-11-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering

Flooding, nonlinear dynamics and Jensen’s inequality: Analyzing the damping and amplification of inundation extent with river discharge nonstationarity

Anupal Baruah, Gilbert Hinge, Omar Wani

Published: 2024-11-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Hydrology, Risk Analysis

Sensing the dynamic nature of fragmented croplands in India through earth observation: a comprehensive review

Subhajit Bandopadhyay, Sourav Dey, Latika Grover, et al.

Published: 2024-11-10
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Food Science, Geography, Nature and Society Relations, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science

Fragmentation or the breakdown of landholdings to smaller parcels has an adverse impact on crop yields and productivity because of its uneconomic operational sizes. This comprehensive review reflects the insights into the complex dynamics of small landholding (SLs) in India by leveraging earth observation (EO) based sensing technology through synthesizing existing literature, methodologies and [...]

Dictionary Learning with Convolutional Structure for Seismic Data Denoising and Interpolation

Murad Almadani, Umair bin Waheed, Mudassir Masood, et al.

Published: 2024-11-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Signal Processing

Seismic data inevitably suffers from random noise and missing traces in field acquisition. This limits the utilization of seismic data for subsequent imaging or inversion applications. Recently, dictionary learning has gained remarkable success in seismic data denoising and interpolation. Variants of the patch-based learning technique, such as the K-SVD algorithm, have been shown to improve [...]

Clinopyroxene archives of magma redox in ocean island basalts: insights from thermodynamic modelling

David Axford Neave, Owen Weller, Caroline Soderman

Published: 2024-11-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Fault Representation in Structural Modelling with Implicit Neural Representations

Kaifeng Gao, Florian Wellmann

Published: 2024-11-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Implicit neural representations have been demonstrated to provide a flexible and scalable framework for computer graphics and three-dimensional modelling and, consequently, have found their way also into geological modelling. These networks are feature-based and resolution-independent, making them effective for modelling geological structures from scattered interface points, units, and structural [...]

Geological and Environmental Implications of Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques: Balancing Efficiency with Sustainability

Abdelrahman Magdy Mohammed Ahmed

Published: 2024-10-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This research paper explores the geological and environmental impacts of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology, focusing on the balance between efficiency and sustainability in fossil fuel extraction. EOR methods, including thermal recovery, gas injection, and chemical flooding, are critical to maximizing reservoir recovery, especially as global energy demand increases and conventional reserves [...]

Statistical properties and modelled duration of an intracontinental earthquake sequence: 2021 Mw 5.9 Woods Point earthquake, Australia

Yunqi Huang, Mark Quigley, James La Greca, et al.

Published: 2024-10-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences

We investigate the 2021 moment magnitude (Mw) 5.9 Woods Point earthquake aftershock sequence (WPAS) in Victoria, Australia. WPAS Gutenberg-Richter b-values range from 0.76 to 1.07 and depend upon the earthquake magnitude type used (Mw vs Ml) and minimum completeness magnitude (Mc). The WPAS Modified Omori’s law p-value of 0.83~0.84 suggests slower aftershock decay rates, while the modelled [...]

Relative role of rock erodibility and sediment load in setting channel slope of mountain rivers

Naoya Ono Takahashi

Published: 2024-10-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Rock strength influences channel slope by altering substrate erodibility and the size of sediments supplied to the channels. Although the frequent presence of knickpoints at lithological boundaries indicates that rock erodibility significantly determines channel morphology, a growing body of field evidence suggests that the coarse sediment supply from hard rock units is a primary factor in [...]

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