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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences

Station-orientation catalog for Australian broadband seismic stations

Kotaro Tarumi, Kazunori Yoshizawa

Published: 2024-10-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Many broadband seismic stations deployed permanently and temporarily in the Australian continent have been used for various seismological investigations in and around Australia. Although two horizontal components are generally assumed to be oriented in the north and east directions, as reported by data providers, misorientations of horizontal components from the true geographic north direction [...]

Application of machine learning methods to forecast petrophysical properties in basalts of the Serra Geral Group: Implications for carbon storage

João Paulo Guilherme Rodrigues Alves, Claudio Riccomini

Published: 2024-10-22
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study applies machine learning techniques for forecasting petrophysical properties (density, porosity, and permeability) in the basalts of the Serra Geral Group, located in the Paraná Basin, Brazil. These properties are crucial for the successful implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS), an important technology to combat climate change. Employing machine learning models—XGBoost, [...]

Computational Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Flood Inflows Using Remote Sensing and SWAT: A Case Study of Ban Chat Reservoir, Northern Vietnam

Vu Thi Phuong Thao, Vu Anh Le

Published: 2024-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study examines the changes in land cover and three water quality indicators (chlorophyll-a, colored dissolved organic matter, turbidity) using Sentinel-2 imagery in the Ban Chat hydropower area in Northern Vietnam during the period of 2016--2024. To assess the potential impact of flood flows into the Ban Chat reservoir, key information is extracted from remote sensing data, which is the [...]

DARTS: Multi-year database of AI-detected retrogressive thaw slumps in the circum-arctic permafrost region

Ingmar Nitze, Konrad Heidler, Nina Nesterova, et al.

Published: 2024-10-20
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Retrogressive Thaw Slumps (RTS) and Active Layer Detachment Slides (ALD) are widespread thermal mass-wasting hillslope failures triggered by thawing permafrost. Despite increasing rates of these failures, knowledge about their pan-arctic spatial and temporal distribution remains limited. We present the Database of AI-detected Arctic RTS and ALD footprints (DARTS), the largest hillslope [...]

deeptime: an R package that facilitates highly customizable visualizations of data over geological time intervals

William Gearty

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Stratigraphy

Data visualization is a key component of any scientific data analysis workflow and is vital for the summarization and dissemination of complex ideas and results. One common hurdle across the Earth Sciences and other scientific fields remains the effective and reproducible visualization of data over long time intervals (104 – 107 years). Here I introduce the R package deeptime, which provides [...]

Phanerozoic thermochronology record of Afro-Arabia through space and time

Samuel C Boone, Malcolm McMillan, Maria-Laura Balestrieri, et al.

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Low-temperature thermochronology has been widely used in eastern Africa and Arabia (Afro-Arabia) to investigate the long-term thermal evolution of the crust in response to Phanerozoic tectonism. Yet, utilisation of this invaluable thermochronology record to inform numerical investigations into the long-term tectonothermal, geodynamic and landscape evolution of the region has been limited by the [...]

Inferring Long-Term Tectonic Uplift Patterns from Bayesian Inversion of Fluvially-Incised Landscapes

Bar Oryan, Boris Gailleton, Jean-Arthur Olive, et al.

Published: 2024-10-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Earth surface processes encode the combined forcing of tectonics and climate in topography. Separating their contributions is essential for using landscapes as quantitative records of crustal deformation. Here, we develop a method for inverting spatially-variable fields of long-term rock uplift and rock erodibility from fluvially-incised landscapes, while accounting for climatic variability. Our [...]

Tracking glacier surge evolution using interferometric SAR coherence — examples from Svalbard

Erik Schytt Mannerfelt, Thomas Schellenberger, Andreas Kääb

Published: 2024-10-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We present a practically simple methodology for tracking glacier surge onset and evolution using interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence. Detecting surges early and monitoring their build-up is interesting for a multitude of scientific and safety-related aspects. We show that InSAR coherence maps allow the detection of surge-related instability on Svalbard many years before [...]

Single-station vehicle tracking using six-component seismic measurements: A comparative study with array-based methods

Shihao Yuan, Felix Bernauer, Joachim Wassermann, et al.

Published: 2024-10-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Determining the direction of seismic waves is crucial for many applications, from monitoring natural hazards like avalanches and landslides to detecting nuclear explosions and conducting surveillance. Traditional methods rely on arrays of seismic sensors arranged in specific patterns, but deploying these arrays can be challenging or impossible in many environments, such as cities, ocean floors, [...]

Unlocking DAS amplitude information through coherency coupling quantification

Thomas Samuel Hudson, Anna Stork, Jack Broderick Muir, et al.

Published: 2024-10-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) allows one to measure strain at metre-resolution along a fibreoptic cable, increasing spatial sampling of a seismic wavefield compared to conventional instrumentation. However, the challenge of measuring DAS-derived strain amplitude currently limits applications of this technology. Absolute amplitude measurements are required for estimating earthquake [...]

The link between water and ferric iron in Earth's lower mantle

Johannes Buchen, Olivia S. Pardo, Vasilije V. Dobrosavljevic, et al.

Published: 2024-10-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Mineral Physics

As the most massive geochemical reservoir, the lower mantle affects Earth's budget of volatile elements, including hydrogen or H2O. The properties of minerals in Earth's lower mantle are further affected by changes in the electronic configurations of iron cations, i.e., spin transitions. Potential feedback between deep H2O retention and spin transitions in mantle minerals, however, remain [...]

Interseismic deformation fingerprints on the hyperarid coastal landscape in North Chilean subduction

Ehsan Kosari, Sabrina Metzger, Victor Navarro-Sanchez, et al.

Published: 2024-10-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure

Along-strike seismotectonic behavior of subduction megathrusts feeds back into the forearc deformation as elastic and permanent deformation. However, whether and how short-term elastic deformation reflects long-term permanent deformation in the forearc and shapes the coastal region remains unclear. To evaluate the forearc deformation, we analyze the interseismic surface deformation obtained from [...]

Advancing vegetation monitoring with virtual laser scanning of dynamic scenes (VLS-4D): Opportunities, implementations and future perspectives

Hannah Weiser, Bernhard Höfle

Published: 2024-10-07
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing

Virtual Laser Scanning (VLS) is an established and valuable research tool in forestry and ecology, widely used to simulate labelled LiDAR point cloud data for sensitivity analysis, model training and method testing. In VLS, vegetation has traditionally been modelled as static, neglecting the influence of vegetation dynamics on LiDAR point cloud representations and limiting applications to [...]

How can Light Pollution over the City of Mumbai be Assessed and Reversed?

Anandi Khandeparkar

Published: 2024-10-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physics

Light pollution, which adversely affects entire ecosystems, is a lesser-known but completely reversible form of pollution. The financial capital of India, Mumbai has been experiencing a steady rise in light pollution levels. This research article aims to answer the question “How can light pollution over the city of Mumbai be assessed and reversed?” It uses satellite data to map radiance levels [...]

Questioning Dark Oxygen Production in the Deep-sea Ferromanganese Nodule Field

Kentaro Nakamura

Published: 2024-10-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Oceanography

Previous studies have concluded that the natural process where oxygen is consumed as decomposition of organic matter that supplied from shallow waters occurs on the deep-sea floor. Sweetman et al.1 presented the surprising observation that deep-sea ferromanganese nodules generate oxygen, which they labelled as dark oxygen production. The authors claimed that oxygen was generated through the [...]

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