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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences

A controlled release experiment for investigating methane measurement performance at landfills

Rafee Iftakhar Hossain, Pylyp Buntov, Yurii Dudak, et al.

Published: 2025-04-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences

We assessed the performance of various methane measurement solutions in landfill applications. Our study involved full-scale multipoint- and area-source (dispersed) controlled releases of methane from the ground surface of a closed 25-hectare landfill with collection system and a background rate of 24 kg/hr. Most quantification methods performed well, but the Mobile Tracer Correlation Emissions [...]

Assessing legacy nitrogen in groundwater using numerical models of the Long Island aquifer system, New York

Kalle L Jahn, Donald A Walter

Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management

Nitrogen transported along groundwater flow paths in coastal aquifers can contribute substantially to nitrogen loading into surface water receptors, particularly in hydrologic systems dominated by groundwater discharge. Nitrogen entrained in the aquifer is a function of land use and associated nitrogen sources at the time of groundwater recharge, which may differ considerably from present-day [...]

Artificial Intelligence-Based Joint Retrieval Algorithm for Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, and Atmospheric Water Vapor

Liurui Xiao, Kebiao Mao, chunshu li, et al.

Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences

The thermal infrared remote sensing parameters exhibit interdependent and mutually constrained relationships, which conventional methods fail to fully exploit for improving the overall retrieval accuracy across different parameters. To address this challenge, this study proposes an artificial intelligence-based method for jointly retrieving land surface temperature (LST), emissivity (LSE), and [...]

Drivers of changes in shoreline position of two small reef islands in the West Philippine Sea

Anne Drew Vergara Carrillo, Mary Rose Gabuyo, Denise Faye Janer, et al.

Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences

This study examines the variations in the shoreline position of two atoll reef islands in the West Philippine Sea, Pag-asa Island, and Lawak Island, and identifies the influence of potential drivers of erosion. Data from field observations, beach profiling, and Google Earth Pro satellite images from 2004 to 2022 are used to identify shoreline movement for each island. Shoreline change is [...]

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Poised to Rocket: Modeling the Environmental Impact of LEO Satellite Constellations

Rushil Kukreja, Edward J Oughton, Richard Linares

Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physics

The proliferation of satellite megaconstellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) represents a significant advancement in global broadband connectivity. However, we urgently need to understand the potential environmental impacts, particularly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with these constellations. This study addresses a critical gap in modeling current and future GHG emissions by developing [...]

Tidal flexure reveals effective elasticity in grounding zones on the Ross Ice Shelf

Faye M. Elgart, Brent Minchew, Colin R. Meyer

Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The grounding zones of Antarctic ice shelves are among the continent’s most dynamic regions, where floating ice shelves buttress grounded upstream ice and tidal forcing drives cyclic flexure at the ice-ocean-bed interface. We use ICESat-2 altimetry and airborne ice-penetrating radar to constrain the effective Young’s modulus E* of ice in the flexure zone at three sites on the Ross Ice Shelf. By [...]

Deep source regions for Patagonia backarc volcanism imaged by finite frequency body wave tomography

Walid Ben-Mansour, Valerie Maupin, Douglas A Wiens, et al.

Published: 2025-04-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology

The subduction of Chile Ridge beneath South America beginning 12-16 Myr ago opened a gap in the subducting slab beneath southern Patagonia, which migrated northward and is located today at 46oS. Geodynamic processes associated with the slab window are poorly understood. Here we apply finite-frequency P and S body wave tomography to seismic data from several temporary arrays as well as regional [...]

Forecasting During Volcanic Crises

Mark Bebbington, Sara Barsotti, Warner Marzocchi, et al.

Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Forecasting during a volcanic crisis is vital to the preservation of life and mitigation of loss during eruption. Decisions on when, where and how to evacuate, where to send the evacuees, and when they can return, are all informed by forecasts of impending volcanic activity. We review input data and models that underlie short-term forecasts during an eruption crisis, software and tools applied, [...]

dageo: Data Assimilation in Geosciences

Dieter Werthmüller, Gabriel Serrao Seabra, Femke C. Vossepoel

Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Mining Engineering, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Engineering

Data Assimilation combines computer models with real-world measurements to improve estimates and forecasts of dynamical systems such as oceans, atmosphere, and subsurface reservoirs. The Python package dageo is a tool to apply data assimilation in geoscience applications. Currently, it encompasses the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (ESMDA) method and provides tools for [...]

Assessing Future Ice Shelf Collapse Vulnerability in the ISMIP6 Ensemble

Benjamin Reynolds, Sophie Nowicki

Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Understanding the possibility of future ice shelf collapses similar to the Larsen B is critical for improving sea-level-rise projections due to the restraint on upstream flow that ice shelves provide. Prior research has provided a criterion for assessing the vulnerability of ice shelf to hydrofracture. We apply these calculations to the model ensemble results from the Ice Sheet Modeling [...]

Google Earth Engine Approach in Monitoring of Mangrove Forest in Govatr Bay, on Oman Sea

Sabrieh Shahbazi, Mansooreh Majidi

Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geography

This study investigates geomorphological changes influencing mangrove habitats along Iran's coastline using satellite photos to identify crucial sites for coastal management. Biogeomorphol-ogy helps to solve real-world problems, such as mangrove restoration and coastal management. This study explored the relationship between coastal mangrove habitats and local geomorpholo-gy in Govatr Bay by [...]

A New Fault Model for the 1933 Long Beach Earthquake, Long Beach Area, Southern California

Steve Boljen, Dan Gish

Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Newly identified thrust faults and their corresponding thrust sheets, combined with recent micro-earthquake epicenters, better explain anomalous rupture data observed during the 1933 Long Beach Earthquake than previous models based exclusively on Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone strike-slip faulting. A high-quality 45 km2 3D seismic dataset was recorded in 2017, centered along the Seal Beach [...]

Nuclear Winter Could Sever Urban Water Access Across the Northern Hemisphere

Juan Esteban Lamilla Cuellar, Rachel Palm, David Denkenberger, et al.

Published: 2025-04-03
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Risk Analysis, Water Resource Management

The continuous functioning of the underground water supply networks is essential for many aspects of modern civilization. Therefore, it is essential to keep such critical infrastructure safe from disasters. However, existing risk assessment studies often assume relatively stable climate conditions. Abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios, such as those caused by a nuclear war, a large volcanic [...]

Anthropogenic Interference in Aeolian Processes in Kerman Plain, Southeastern Iran

Sabrieh Shahbazi, Hamid Ganjaeian

Published: 2025-04-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography

Dry climate, poor vegetation and relatively smooth topography are the most important factors that brought about wind erosion processes prevail in the Kerman plain. Aeolian sediments in the Kerman plain can be divided into active and stabilized sediments. Stabilized sediments show a cross-bedding structure and coarser-grained fluvial sediments are found between layers of aeolian sediments. [...]

Estimate rainfall-runoff using Google Earth Engine in the Minab River Basin

Sabrieh Shahbazi, Samira Shokr Behjatic

Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geography

The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is a widely accepted and reliable approach for estimating rainfall-runoff relationships within a watershed. This technique is instrumental in hydrological studies, particularly for sustainable water resource management, flood control, and soil conservation. The integration of the SCS-CN method with Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud-based [...]

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