Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences

Denoising Daily Displacement GNSS-Time series using Deep Neural Networks In a Near Real-Time Framing: a Single-Station Method

Giacomo Mastella, Jonathan Bedford, Fabio Corbi, et al.

Published: 2024-08-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Recent ground observations from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) displacement time series have provided compelling evidence that the motion of tectonic plates is ubiquitously non-steady-state. In some cases, these anomalous transient motions have been identified as potential precursors occurring months, days, or hours before large-magnitude earthquakes. However, effectively detecting [...]

Constraining Earth's core composition from inner core nucleation.

Alfred Wilson, Chris Davies, Andrew Walker, et al.

Published: 2024-08-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Mineral Physics, Planetary Sciences

Taphonomic Controls on a Multi-Element Skeletal Fossil Record

Jeffrey Robert Thompson, Christopher D. Dean, Madeline Ford, et al.

Published: 2024-08-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

Animals with multi-element skeletons, including the vertebrates, echinoderms, and arthropods, are some of the most biodiverse and ecologically important animal groups. Understanding the relative impact of the myriad geological and biological factors which impact on the quality of multi-element skeletal fossils is thus crucial for disentangling perceived changes in biodiversity through time and [...]

On the influence of pressure, phase transitions, and water on large-scale seismic anisotropy underneath a subduction zone

John Keith Magali, Christine Thomas, Estelle Elisa Ledoux, et al.

Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Seismic anisotropy mainly originates from the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of minerals deformed in the convective mantle flow. While fabric transitions have been previously observed in experiments, their influence on large-scale anisotropy is not well documented. Here, we implement 2D geodynamic models of intra-oceanic subduction coupled with mantle fabric modelling to investigate [...]

Tomotectonics of Cordilleran North America since Jurassic times: double-sided subduction, archipelago collisions, and Baja-BC translation

Karin Sigloch, Mitchell G. Mihalynuk

Published: 2024-07-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Tomotectonics uses deep mantle structure in order to hindcast paleo-trenches, by spatially superposing subducted lithosphere (slabs) imaged by seismic tomography with plate reconstructions at the surface. The two geophysical datasets combined make predictions about geologic events, specifically about volcanic arcs and their collisions with continents. The tomotectonic null hypothesis is simple, [...]

LATTE: Open-source, high-performance acoustic and elastic traveltime computation, tomography, and source location

Kai Gao, Ting Chen

Published: 2024-07-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Towards automatic delineation of landslide source and runout

Kushanav Bhuyan, Kamal Rana, Ugur Ozturk, et al.

Published: 2024-07-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology, Mathematics

Mapping landslide-depleted source areas is pivotal for refining predictive models and volume estimations, yet these critical regions are often conflated with the landslide runouts, leading to sub-optimal assessments. The source areas are typically the regions where the actual failure occurs, providing crucial information on the initiation mechanisms and the nature of landslide propagation. [...]

rmacrostrat: An R package for accessing and retrieving data from the Macrostrat geological database

Lewis Alan Jones, Christopher D. Dean, William Gearty, et al.

Published: 2024-07-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The geological record is a vast archive of information that provides the only empirical data about the evolution of the Earth. In recent years, concentrated efforts have been made to compile macrostratigraphic data into the online centralized database Macrostrat (https://macrostrat.org). Macrostrat is a global stratigraphic database containing information regarding surface and subsurface rock [...]

Relating Multi-Scale Plume Detection and Area Estimates of Methane Emissions: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

Sudhanshu Pandey, John Worden, Daniel H Cusworth, et al.

Published: 2024-07-23
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Methodologies for inferring surface emissions of atmospheric trace gases can be categorized into plume detection and area-scale estimation. Plume detections are observations of emissions from either individual or clustered point sources. Area estimates are derived from top-down atmospheric flux inversion models or bottom-up inventories, which infer mean emissions typically over spatial scales [...]

Sensitivity of modelled mass balance and runoff to representations of debris and accumulation on the Kaskawulsh Glacier, Yukon, Canada

Katherine M Robinson, Gwenn Elizabeth Flowers, David Robert Rounce

Published: 2024-07-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Runoff contributions from glacierized catchments are changing in response to accelerating mass loss. We reconstruct the 1980-2022 mass balance, runoff and water budget of the ~70% glacierized Kaskawulsh River headwaters in Yukon, Canada, using an enhanced temperature-index model driven by downscaled and bias-corrected reanalysis data. Debris is treated using melt-scaling factors based on [...]

TROPICAL STORM SURGE: FORMATION, IMPACT, AND RECENT ADVANCES IN ITS PREDICTION TOWARDS DEVELOPING MITIGATION STRATEGIES

Karinja Thejaswi

Published: 2024-07-19
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Planetary Sciences

Tropical storm surge poses significant risks to coastal areas, necessitating precise prediction for effective emergency preparedness and mitigation. Recent advances in numerical models such as SLOSH, ADCIRC, and FVCOM have revolutionized storm surge forecasting by accurately simulating complex hydrodynamic processes, bolstered by ADCIRC's use of high-resolution grids and parallel computing for [...]

Equality, diversity and inclusion recommendations and best practice from NERC Doctoral Training Partnerships & Centers for Doctoral Training: DEI Forum Report 2023

Hope Duncan, Ivana Drdáková, Katya Moncrieff, et al.

Published: 2024-07-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Education, Environmental Sciences, Higher Education

This report represents the collective voice of NERC DTPs & CDTs, demonstrating the reality of nurturing Diversity, Equality and Inclusion at the ground level from the perspectives of staff and students. Individually, we have faced common barriers towards improving DEI within our host universities and honed our expertise in realising DEI through extensive research and [...]

Volcanic arc structure controlled by liquid focusing from the slab — evidence from boron isotopes and trace elements

Stephen J Turner, Ivan Savov, Tamsin Mather, et al.

Published: 2024-07-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

The rates and pathways of material transport from subducting plates to arc volcanoes control the long-term chemical evolution of the atmosphere, continents, and mantle. Arc magma compositions are commonly used as proxies for the state of the slab directly below a volcanic vent, under the assumption of vertical transport from the slab to the surface. Here, we present new boron (B) isotope and [...]

Modeling sediment compaction beneath ice lenses during frost heave

Aaron Grey Stubblefield, Colin R. Meyer, Alan Rempel, et al.

Published: 2024-07-13
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science

Frost heave occurs when the ground swells during freezing conditions due to the growth of ice lenses in the subsurface. The mechanics of ice-infiltrated sediment, or frozen fringe, influences the formation and evolution of ice lenses. As the frozen fringe thickens during freezing, progressive unloading can result in dilation of the pore space and the formation of new ice lenses. Compaction can [...]

Seamounts control subducted carbonate recycling in Central America – evidence from stable Sr isotopes

Alexander Joseph Hammerstrom, Rita Parai, Richard Carlson, et al.

Published: 2024-07-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

Accurate estimates of carbon recycling efficiency at subduction zones are crucial for understanding the long-term evolution of the planet’s climate. Estimating subducting carbon recycling efficiency is difficult, however, due to magmatic degassing deep within the crust. Stable strontium (δ88Sr) isotopes have the potential to serve as an additional proxy for carbonate recycling due to carbonate’s [...]

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