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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences

Regional Responses to Oceanic Variability Constrain Global Drought Synchrony

Hemant Poonia, Udit Bhatia, Vimal Mishra, et al.

Published: 2025-07-11
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Synchronized droughts threaten global food security, with concerns about increased frequency and duration under climate change. However, their long-term evolution and physical limits remain unknown. We analyze 61 drought networks over 120 years (1901–2020) of scPDSI data, employing a suite of network synchronization measures and empirical orthogonal functions to unravel the physical drivers and [...]

Mapping Europe's Natural Hydrogen Potential: A Continental-Scale Geological Prospectivity Assessment

Florian H. J. Willemsen, Johannes Miocic

Published: 2025-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Natural hydrogen, generated by a range of geological processes in the Earth's crust, is emerging as a promising carbon-neutral energy source. However, systematic large-scale assessments of its subsurface occurrence remain limited. This study presents the first continental-scale prospectivity map of natural hydrogen in Europe, integrating geological indicators of hydrogen generation, reservoir [...]

Deglaciation history and relative sea level changes since the Last Glacial Maximum in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Irena Schulten, Vittorio Maselli, Edward L. King, et al.

Published: 2025-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

During the last glacial period, continents and surrounding shelves in high latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere were covered by ice sheets. Their retreat during the late Pleistocene and Holocene resulted in isostatic adjustments of the previously glaciated landmass, which influenced post-glacial changes in relative sea level (RSL). Many questions, however, remain about the timing and [...]

Constraining the paleoclimate and paleoecology of the Selandian – Thanetian transition in the Lower Wilcox, Texas Gulf Coast

Nikhil Sharma, Vann Smith, Lorena Moscardelli, et al.

Published: 2025-07-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

The Selandian–Thanetian Transition Event (STTE) represents a relatively understudied interval of carbon cycle instability and environmental disruption during the Paleocene. This study presents a comprehensive sedimentological, palynological, and geochemical record of the STTE based on two shallow marine wells (Moczygemba VT #11 and Vogelsang Frieda #1) from the Texas Gulf Coast. Our multi-proxy [...]

Assessing the plausibility of direct constraints on ancient atmospheric pCO2 from fluid inclusions in halite: A theoretical and experimental approach

Michael Naylor Hudgins, Justin G Park, Alex M Ryan, et al.

Published: 2025-07-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Fluid inclusions in halite formed in surficial environments have recently gained attention for their ability to capture and preserve samples of ancient air, and by mechanical decrepitation, these inclusion gases can be quantified via mass spectrometry. However, it has yet to be demonstrated that the CO2 content measured on halite accurately represents the overlying air at various CO2 [...]

Satellite Remote Sensing-Based Crop Cover Classification over Europe: Accuracy of Different Methodological Approaches

Elif Dönmez, Thomas Heckelei, Hugo Storm

Published: 2025-07-04
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences

Crop maps play an important role in a variety of applications, from calculating crop areas and forecasting food production quantities to the analysis of agri-environmental interactions, highlighting the necessity of timely and accurate information on agricultural land use. The availability of remote sensing data has permitted numerous crop classification studies, which have investigated a variety [...]

Spatial Analysis of Lead (Pb) Contamination in Soils of the Savar Industrial Zone, Bangladesh Using QGIS-Based Interpolation

Zerin Tasnim, Md. Main Uddin Miah, Quamrun Nahar, et al.

Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Lead (Pb) contamination poses significant environmental and public health risks in industrial regions. This study employs Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess the spatial distribution of Pb in soils across the Savar industrial zone, Bangladesh—an area characterized by dense industrial activity, including tanneries, textile mills, and metal-processing plants. Using point data from ten [...]

Spatial Analysis and Heatmap Visualization of Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Dhaka and Mymensingh Divisions, Bangladesh

Zerin Tasnim, Md. Main Uddin Miah, Quamrun Nahar, et al.

Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physiology

Arsenic contamination in groundwater poses a critical public health threat in Bangladesh, particularly in its central and northern regions. This study investigates the spatial distribution of arsenic concentrations across the Dhaka and Mymensingh divisions using geospatial clustering and interpolation techniques. A total of 1,124 groundwater samples were analyzed using Python-based spatial [...]

On the demise of Whistler, Horstman and Blackcomb Glaciers, southwest British Columbia, Canada: historical use, recent change and future prospects within a mountain resort

Chloé Monty, Gwenn Elizabeth Flowers, Jeffrey W Crompton, et al.

Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Atmospheric warming is causing glaciers worldwide to retreat and disappear, with repercussions for nearby communities. Effects of glacier retreat have been especially consequential for mountain resorts such as Whistler Blackcomb, Canada, where almost 60 years of summer glacier use has been terminated due to the ongoing demise of Whistler, Horstman and Blackcomb Glaciers. Over the past five [...]

Machine Learning Insights into the Geochemical Life Cycle of the Columbia River Flood Basalts

Rachel Hampton, Leif Karlstrom

Published: 2025-07-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Volcanology

Flood basalts are challenging to characterize in detail, despite enormous their erupted volumes, due to their age and chemical homogeneity. Here we explore machine learning (ML) approaches for classification and pattern identification in whole rock geochemical data of the Columbia River Flood Basalts (CRFB), which provide key constraints on magma generation, transport, and emplacement. We utilize [...]

Continental-Scale Carbonate Sedimentation and Environmental Correlates of the Shuram-Wonoka Excursion

Daniel Christian Segessenman, Shanan E Peters

Published: 2025-07-01
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

Strata of the Ediacaran Period record many Earth-Life features that distinguish the Neoproterozoic-Phanerozoic transition. However, it is difficult to determine cause and effect relationships between Ediacaran events. Continental-scale patterns of sedimentation have been used as proxies to investigate controls on Phanerozoic macroevolution, including sea level drivers and potential carbon cycling [...]

Dynamics of the last ice sheet on the northern fringe of Poland: reconstruction inferred from landform analysis and 10Be surface exposure dating

Karol Tylmann, Vincent Rinterknecht, Piotr P. Woźniak, et al.

Published: 2025-06-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology

The paper presents new results of glacial landforms mapping and analysis based on high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and 10Be surface exposure dating of erratic boulders on the northern fringe of Poland. We aimed to reconstruct the main ice-marginal positions, local ice flow directions and timing of the ice margin oscillations during the last deglaciation. A total number of 715 [...]

Field evidence for non-linear IP effects in a volcanic hydrothermal system using reciprocal data.

Lore Vanhooren, Wouter Deleersnyder, Warre Dekoninck, et al.

Published: 2025-06-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

In electrical geophysical methods it is often assumed that the resistivity or chargeability, behaves linearly with the applied electrical current. However, non-linearity has been reported in Induced Polarization (IP) and can be caused by oxidation-reduction reactions or reactions at the surface of clay minerals. Methods to determine the presence of non-linear effects exist and involve analysis of [...]

Mapping upper mantle discontinuities beneath the Australian continent using multimode surface waves and receiver functions

Kotaro Tarumi, Kazunori Yoshizawa

Published: 2025-06-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Spatial distributions of upper mantle discontinuities beneath the Australian continent are mapped using a large number of station-based 1-D S-velocity profiles with radial anisotropy, derived from joint Bayesian inversions of multimode surface waves and P-wave receiver functions. Numerous permanent and temporary stations across Australia enable us to constrain localized seismic velocity [...]

Multi-component Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis for Vs-depth profiling of Glaciers

Samara Garvey, Matthew Siegfried, Jeffrey Shragge, et al.

Published: 2025-06-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Seismic ice velocity estimates provide quantitative constraints on glacial systems including ice thickness, englacial structure, and bedrock topography. Detailed velocity modeling using active-source seismic surveys on glaciers, however, is often challenged by sub-optimal survey acquisition design due to complex field logistics. This study explores new potential of such surveys for characterizing [...]

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