Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Seismological Expression of the Iron Spin Crossover in Ferropericlase in the Earth’s Lower Mantle
Published: 2020-06-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Quantum Physics, Tectonics and Structure
The two most abundant minerals on Earth which together make up over 90% of the Earth’s lower mantle are (Mg,Fe)O-ferropericlase (Fp) and (Mg,Fe)SiO3-bridgmanite (Bm). Iron in Fp undergoes a high-spin to low-spin (HS-LS) crossover that influences density, viscosity, elasticity, thermal conductivity, and elemental partitioning, however, the predicted effects of this transition are not apparent in [...]
Fully Automated Carbonate Petrography Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Published: 2020-06-22
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geology, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Carbonate rocks are important archives of past ocean conditions as well as hosts of economic resources such as hydrocarbons, water, and minerals. Geologists typically perform compositional analysis of grain, matrix, cement and pore types in order to interpret depositional environments, diagenetic modification, and reservoir quality of carbonate strata. Such information can be obtained primarily [...]
Rates of olivine grain growth during dynamic recrystallization and post-deformation annealing
Published: 2020-06-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
We performed deformation and grain growth experiments on natural olivine aggregates with moderate olivine water contents (COH = 600±300 ppm H/Si) at 1000-1200°C and a confining pressure of 1400±100 MPa. Our experiments differ from published grain growth studies in that most were: 1) conducted on natural olivine cores rather than hot-pressed aggregates, and 2) dynamically recrystallized prior to [...]
Geological Facies Modeling Based on Progressive Growing of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
Published: 2020-06-21
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Geological facies modeling has long been studied to predict subsurface resources. In recent years, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been used as a new method for geological facies modeling with surprisingly good results. However, in conventional GANs, all layers are trained concurrently, and the scales of the geological features are not considered. In this study, we propose to train [...]
A Review of Satellite Remote Sensing Techniques of River Delta Morphology Change
Published: 2020-06-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
River deltas are important coastal depositional systems that are home to almost half a billion people worldwide. Understanding morphology changes in deltas is important in identifying vulnerabilities to natural disasters and improving sustainable planning and management. Satellite remote sensing has shown to be a useful technology for analyzing these morphology changes owing largely to its [...]
Excessive seismicity over a limited source: the August 2019 earthquake swarm near Mt. Salak in West Java (Indonesia)
Published: 2020-06-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The triggering mechanism of swarm-like seismicity in the Java Island of Indonesia is generally not well understood. Understanding earthquake swarm phenomena and monitoring in various tectonic settings can be improved by the detection of micro-earthquakes; however, such a catalog is not available due to various reasons including the existing limited seismic network and using an outdated algorithm [...]
Ancient siderites reveal hot and humid super-greenhouse climate
Published: 2020-06-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ancient siderites reveal hot and humid super-greenhouse climate
Potential environmental hazard due to tailings dam failure in Minnesota iron range and safety concern of the Dams in the US
Published: 2020-06-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
An ongoing debate centered around mining operations and tailings dam usage near the Minnesota mining range led to an investigation of potential environmental hazards near the cities of Hoyt Lakes and Embarrass. Topographic data from Satellite observations made available by USGS and HEC-RAS developed by US Engineer Corp are used to simulate the extent of mud flow from a hypothetical tailings dam [...]
Nonlinear stochastic dissipation in turbulent geophysical flows
Published: 2020-06-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
The purpose of this study is to further investigate the assumption that geophysical flows can be described and simulated by direct sampling from a dynamically constrained probability distribution, with a reversible formulation of dissipation. This is done by making the probability of the flow decrease with the deviation of entropy with respect to local equilibrium, and by assuming that this [...]
Sampling geophysical flows from a dynamically constrained probability distribution
Published: 2020-06-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
The purpose of this study is to further investigate the problem of explicitly simulating uncertainties in geophysical models. Rather than introducing stochastic processes in forward-in-time partial differential equations, this is done here by reformulating the dynamical equations governing the time evolution of the flow as a probability distribution. Flows can then be drawn directly from the [...]
Tectonic-Sedimentary Interplay of a Multi-Sourced, Structurally-Confined Turbidite System in a Foreland Basin Setting: The Pennsylvanian Lower Atoka Formation, Ouachita Mountains, USA
Published: 2020-06-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Submarine fans deposited in structurally complex settings record important information on basin evolution and tectonic-sedimentary relationships but are often poorly preserved in outcrops due to post-depositional deformation. This study integrates both new field data as well as data compiled from literature to demonstrate the spatial facies variability of the deep-water lower Atoka formation [...]
Women from some under-represented minorities are given too few talks at worlds largest Earth-science conference
Published: 2020-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Presenting at scientific conferences is key to academic career progression. Scientists don’t just communicate results; they also develop relationships with collaborators and mentors, and identify job and funding opportunities. Giving a talk confers recognition and prestige, particularly for students and early-career researchers. Despite historical inequities, women are now presenting more at [...]
Sensing earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication fiber-optic sensors: An urban experiment in Pennsylvania USA
Published: 2020-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Continuous seismic monitoring of the Earths near surface (top 100 meters), especially with improving the resolution and extent of data both in space and time, would yield more accurate insights about the effect of extreme weather events (e.g. flooding or drought) and climate change on the Earths surface and subsurface systems. However, continuous long-term seismic monitoring, especially in urban [...]
Suitability Analysis of Remote Sensing Techniques for Shoreline Extraction of Global River Deltas
Published: 2020-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High frequency flooding, sea level rise and changes to riverine sediment fluxes have threatened the habitable land area of river deltas, where close to half a billion people live, globally. Understanding shoreline positions is important for overall sustainable planning of deltaic communities and delta evolution predictive modeling. However, a gap in literature is recognized where there is a) no [...]
Turbulent flow effects in a slickwater fracture propagation in permeable rock
Published: 2020-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
This work is devoted to an analysis of the near-tip region of a hydraulic fracture driven by slickwater in a permeable saturated rock. We consider a steady-state problem of a semi-infinite fracture propagating with constant velocity. The host rock is elastic and homogeneous, and fracture propagates according to linear elastic fracture mechanics. The fluid exchange between the fracture and [...]