Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
OceanTracker 0.5: Fast Adaptable Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Structured and Unstructured Grids
Published: 2025-01-16
Subjects: Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Particle tracking is frequently used to compute particle movements within hydrodynamic ocean models; however, modelling millions of particles is computationally challenging. OceanTracker is designed to minimise the time required to obtain results from particle tracking. Firstly, by being computationally fast, it enables users to scale to large numbers of particles, thus obtaining better [...]
Spatial variability of marine heatwaves in the Chesapeake Bay
Published: 2025-01-11
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the continental United States. Extreme temperature events, termed marine heatwaves, are impacting this ecologically important zone with increasing frequency. Although marine heatwaves evolve across space and time, a complete spatial picture of marine heatwaves in the Bay is missing. Here we use satellite sea surface temperature to characterize marine [...]
Observation-based estimate of Earth's effective radiative forcing
Published: 2025-01-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Human emissions continue to influence Earth's climate. Effective radiative forcing quantifies the effect of such anthropogenic emissions together with natural factors on Earth's energy balance (Soden et al. 2018; Gregory et al. 2020; Forster et al. 2021, 2024). Evaluating the exact rate of effective radiative forcing is challenging, because it can not be directly observed. Therefore, estimating [...]
Monthly Sea-Surface Temperature, Sea Ice, and Sea-Level Pressure over 1850–2023 from Coupled Data Assimilation
Published: 2025-01-03
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Historical observations of Earth's climate underpin our knowledge and predictions of climate variability and change. However, the observations are incomplete and uncertain, and existing datasets based on these observations typically do not assimilate observations simultaneously across different components of the climate system, yielding inconsistencies that limit understanding of coupled climate [...]
Chromium Isotopes: A Window into Atmospheric Oxygenation
Published: 2024-12-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Chromium (Cr) isotopes are pivotal proxies for understanding Earth’s atmospheric oxygenation history. This review highlights δ53Cr signatures as tools for reconstructing redox dynamics during events like the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) and the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event (NOE). Advances in analytical techniques, particularly multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [...]
Site Planning for a Network of Government-operated Weather Stations in the Dominican Republic Using Zonal Statistics from Geospatial Sources, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, and Neighborhood Analysis
Published: 2024-12-30
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Many weather station networks lack sufficient representativeness, and their station density is often inadequate to capture spatial and climatic variability effectively. Optimal site selection is therefore essential to enhance spatial coverage and improve data quality. This study proposes a methodology for identifying optimal sites for a meteorological station network in the Dominican Republic, [...]
Gaia, revisited: atmospheric carbon dioxide as a symptom of a vegetation ozone driven climate cycle
Published: 2024-12-13
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
A synoptic analysis of the history of climate science introduces all potential climate drivers. It is demonstrated that the Keeling curve can be seen to reflect yearly ocean CO2 emission minus yearly ocean CO2 uptake. It is also shown that the global carbon equation (GCE), at the foundation of present day climate models is not an equilibrium. This disequilibrium pertains to the neglect of the [...]
Joint effects of submesoscale lateral dispersion and biological reactions on biogeochemical flux
Published: 2024-12-11
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Submesoscale dynamics, operating at spatial scales of O(1−10 km) and temporal scales of O(1 day), are particularly important for marine ecosystems as they occur on similar timescales as phytoplankton growth, enabling biophysical feedbacks. While submesoscale dynamics are known to impact biological fluxes by modifying nutrient upwelling, horizontal transport has traditionally been assumed to only [...]
Climate-Induced Sea-Level Rise Implications on Archaeological Taonga at Te Pokohiwi ō Kupe – The Wairau Bar, Aotearoa New Zealand
Published: 2024-12-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The northwest portion of Te Pokohiwi ō Kupe (the Wairau Bar) in the Marlborough Region is where one of Aotearoa New Zealand’s earliest archaeological heritage sites dating back to the early 1300’s is located. This paper describes a baseline study to map the effects of present-day and future sea-levels on archaeological heritage land at Te Pokohiwi ō Kupe. Results suggest that approximately 20% of [...]
Machine Learning Predicts Pedestrian Wind Flow from Urban Morphology and Prevailing Wind Direction
Published: 2024-11-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Pedestrian-level wind plays a critical role in shaping the urban microclimate and is significantly influenced by urban form and geometry. The most common method for determining spatial wind speed patterns in cities relies on numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, which resolve Navier-Stokes equations around buildings. While effective, these simulations are computationally [...]
Oceanic Alkalinity and Titration Alkalinity: a novel straightforward approach in keeping with common general chemistry
Published: 2024-11-29
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
We present novel exact concepts of Oceanic Alkalinity and Titration Alkalinity that are in keeping with common chemistry. Oceanic Alkalinity is the small difference of the sum of charges of strong cations and the sum of charges of strong anions in seawater. This difference is compensated by the sum of charges of the weak anions minus the sum of charges of the weak cations. Titration Alkalinity [...]
Decoding sub-seasonal predictors of extreme heat with interpretable machine learning
Published: 2024-11-25
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
As climate change accelerates, heat waves are becoming more frequent, intense, and deadly. Enhancing forecasting capabilities through a better understanding of sub-seasonal predictors of extreme heat is crucial for adaptation efforts. This study utilizes an interpretable machine learning model, implementing Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), to evaluate [...]
Pycnocline Stratification Shapes Submesoscale Vertical Tracer Transport
Published: 2024-11-08
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Pycnocline stratification is increasing across multiple ocean basins due to a warming surface ocean and increasing sea ice melt. Pycnocline stratification plays a leading order role in tracer transport, shaping capacity for heat and carbon uptake, making it a key parameter of interest on timescales ranging from paleoclimate to plankton blooms. Part of the challenge in assessing the role of [...]
Computational Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Flood Inflows Using Remote Sensing and SWAT: A Case Study of Ban Chat Reservoir, Northern Vietnam
Published: 2024-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines the changes in land cover and three water quality indicators (chlorophyll-a, colored dissolved organic matter, turbidity) using Sentinel-2 imagery in the Ban Chat hydropower area in Northern Vietnam during the period of 2016--2024. To assess the potential impact of flood flows into the Ban Chat reservoir, key information is extracted from remote sensing data, which is the [...]
The Role of Islands in Sea Ice Transport Through Nares Strait
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Nares Strait is a major pathway from the Arctic Ocean and an important climate system component. Sea ice's granular nature is pertinent in such straits with small islands where floes propagate by fracturing upon collisions. Since climate models are relatively coarse and use continuous sea ice rheology, they only partially capture the complexities of floe interactions. We use a floe-scale model, [...]