Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Reconstructing Global Ocean Color Data at High Temporal Resolution Using an Improved DINEOF Algorithm
Published: 2024-02-27
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Global studies on phytoplankton phenology remain challenging primarily because of sparse observations. The Data Interpolation Empirical Orthogonal Function (DINEOF) algorithm has been used successfully to reconstruct datasets of geophysical and biological variables such as sea surface temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll a (Chl a). We propose an improved version of DINEOF, DINEOF+, based on a [...]
The effect of global and regional solar shading on climate: A simulation study
Published: 2024-02-23
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The potential climate impact of solar geoengineering is examined using climate model simulations by artificially reducing the incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. Climate scenario simulations indicate that a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (2xCO2) induces a surface temperature rise which is amplified over the poles primarily during the respective winter. The warming also [...]
The Potential for Fuel Reduction to Offset Climate Warming Impacts on Wildfire Intensity in California
Published: 2024-02-21
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Forest Management, Forest Sciences, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Statistics and Probability, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Probability, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability
Increasing fuel aridity due to climate warming has and will continue to increase wildfire danger in California. In addition to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, one of the primary proposals for counteracting this increase in wildfire danger is a widespread expansion of hazardous fuel reductions. Here, we quantify the potential for fuel reduction to reduce wildfire intensity using [...]
Bad science and good intentions prevent effective climate action
Published: 2024-02-17
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Although the 2015 Paris Agreement climate targets seem certain to be missed, only a few experts are questioning the adequacy of the current approach to limiting climate change and suggesting that additional approaches are needed to avoid unacceptable catastrophes. This article posits that selective science communication and unrealistically optimistic assumptions are obscuring the reality that [...]
Seasonality of spectral radiative fluxes and optical properties of Arctic sea ice during the spring-summer transition
Published: 2024-02-16
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The reflection, absorption, and transmittance of solar (shortwave) radiation by sea ice play a crucial role in physical and biological processes in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean and atmosphere. These sea ice optical properties are of great importance, in particular during the melt season, as they significantly impact energy fluxes within and the total energy budget of the coupled [...]
Impacts of global warming on hurricane-driven insurance losses in the United States
Published: 2024-02-08
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
North Atlantic hurricanes are a major driver of property losses in the United States and a critical peril for the insurance industry on a global scale. Despite the growing scientific consensus around the potential impacts of global warming on North Atlantic hurricanes, the implications for the insurance industry are still largely unquantified. We address this question by drawing on 70 years of [...]
A physical demonstration of the increase in global surface energy due to increasing P[CO2]
Published: 2024-02-01
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Although study of the effect of energy-absorbing gases in our atmosphere has a two-hundred year history and an unequivocal explanation based on scientific observation and theory, a significant fraction of the public and even a few scientists doubt the correlation between the increasing the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (P[CO2]) and the observed increase in terrestrial temperature [...]
Freshwater plume-like condition near the north-eastern coastal Arabian Sea during early Miocene: Evidence from the stable isotope record in the growth bands of gastropods (Turritella sp.)
Published: 2024-01-30
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The Early Miocene witnessed major tectonic, palaeoceanographic and climatological reorganizations over the Asian realm. The Himalayan and Tibetan plateau upliftment influenced monsoon intensity during this age. Contemporary high-resolution tropical hydroclimate records are limited. Here, we present an early Miocene sub-annual stable isotope record from the growth bands of well-preserved [...]
Unexpected anthropogenic emission decreases are required to explain recent atmospheric mercury concentration declines
Published: 2024-01-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Anthropogenic activities emit ~2000 Mg yr-1 of the toxic pollutant mercury (Hg) into the atmosphere, leading to long-range transport and deposition to remote ecosystems. Global anthropogenic emissions inventories report increases in Northern Hemispheric (NH) Hg emissions during the last three decades, in contradiction with the observed decline in atmospheric Hg concentrations at NH measurement [...]
Deep Learning Improves Global Satellite Observations of Ocean Eddy Dynamics
Published: 2024-01-15
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Ocean eddies affect large-scale circulation and transfer energy between scales through non-linear eddy interactions. This eddy-induced kinetic cascade depends on the strain rate, which is strongly sensitive to the precise geometry and configuration of eddies. However, surface currents estimated globally from altimetry smooth and distort eddies, severely underestimating the strength of non-linear [...]
The Response of Surface Temperature Persistence to Arctic Sea-Ice Loss
Published: 2024-01-12
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We investigate the response of surface temperature persistence, quantified using a lagged autocorrelation, to imposed Arctic sea-ice loss in coupled model experiments. Sea-ice loss causes increases in persistence over ocean in midlatitudes and the low-Arctic, which are of a similar magnitude to the total response to climate change in these regions. Using an idealised model, we show that sea-ice [...]
The Severe Storm Index: Gauging our progress in the “War-Effort” against climate change
Published: 2023-12-27
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
While it is difficult, if not impossible, for most humans to conceptualize CO2 levels or ocean temperatures, we are very aware of the growing number of storms and their increase in severity. Indeed, according to the National Weather Service, the number of severe storms has increased in the United States from 1 – 3/decade in the 1950s through the 1980s, to 8/decade in the 1990s, 30/decade in the [...]
Role of Indonesian Archipelago on Global Thermohaline Circulation: Insights from Numerical Experiments
Published: 2023-12-19
Subjects: Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study employs the cGENIE Earth System Model to investigate the effects of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and Indonesian Archipelago (IA) closure on global meridional thermohaline circulation (THC). Over a simulated period of 10,000 years, the analysis centers on critical variables, including surface density, vertical density profiles, global overturning circulation, and ocean ventilation [...]
Comprehensive review of the annual haze episode in Northern Thailand
Published: 2023-12-09
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Public Health
The mountainous part of northern Thailand is subject to an intense haze episode occurring almost every year between January and May. In the last couple of decades, this atmospheric phenomenon has been extensively covered in the media and is now a main concern for the population living in this area. In this review, we synthesized the information available from hundreds of publications on air [...]
A study of extreme water waves using a hierarchy of models based on potential-flow theory
Published: 2023-12-02
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Partial Differential Equations, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The formation of extreme waves arising from the interaction of three line-solitons with equal far-field amplitudes is examined through a hierarchy of water-wave models. The Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (KPE) is first used to prove analytically that its exact three-soliton solution has a ninefold maximum amplification that is achieved in the absence of spatial divergence. Reproducing this [...]