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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Chromium Isotopes: A Window into Atmospheric Oxygenation

Yunqian Zhang

Published: 2024-12-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Chromium (Cr) isotopes are pivotal proxies for understanding Earth’s atmospheric oxygenation history. This review highlights δ53Cr signatures as tools for reconstructing redox dynamics during events like the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) and the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event (NOE). Advances in analytical techniques, particularly multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [...]

Site Planning for a Network of Government-operated Weather Stations in the Dominican Republic Using Zonal Statistics from Geospatial Sources, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, and Neighborhood Analysis

Jose Ramon Martinez Batlle, Michela Izzo Gioiosa

Published: 2024-12-30
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science

Many weather station networks lack sufficient representativeness, and their station density is often inadequate to capture spatial and climatic variability effectively. Optimal site selection is therefore essential to enhance spatial coverage and improve data quality. This study proposes a methodology for identifying optimal sites for a meteorological station network in the Dominican Republic, [...]

Gaia, revisited: atmospheric carbon dioxide  as a symptom of a vegetation ozone driven climate cycle

Isabel VanWaveren

Published: 2024-12-13
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

A synoptic analysis of the history of climate science introduces all potential climate drivers. It is demonstrated that the Keeling curve can be seen to reflect yearly ocean CO2 emission minus yearly ocean CO2 uptake. It is also shown that the global carbon equation (GCE), at the foundation of present day climate models is not an equilibrium. This disequilibrium pertains to the neglect of the [...]

Joint effects of submesoscale lateral dispersion and biological reactions on biogeochemical flux

Lulabel Ruiz Seitz, Mara Freilich

Published: 2024-12-11
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Submesoscale dynamics, operating at spatial scales of O(1−10 km) and temporal scales of O(1 day), are particularly important for marine ecosystems as they occur on similar timescales as phytoplankton growth, enabling biophysical feedbacks. While submesoscale dynamics are known to impact biological fluxes by modifying nutrient upwelling, horizontal transport has traditionally been assumed to only [...]

Climate-Induced Sea-Level Rise Implications on Archaeological Taonga at Te Pokohiwi ō Kupe – The Wairau Bar, Aotearoa New Zealand

Shaun P. Williams, Peter Meihana, Cyprien Bosserelle, et al.

Published: 2024-12-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

The northwest portion of Te Pokohiwi ō Kupe (the Wairau Bar) in the Marlborough Region is where one of Aotearoa New Zealand’s earliest archaeological heritage sites dating back to the early 1300’s is located. This paper describes a baseline study to map the effects of present-day and future sea-levels on archaeological heritage land at Te Pokohiwi ō Kupe. Results suggest that approximately 20% of [...]

Machine Learning Predicts Pedestrian Wind Flow from Urban Morphology and Prevailing Wind Direction

Jiachen Lu, Wei Li, Sanaa Hobeichi, et al.

Published: 2024-11-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Pedestrian-level wind plays a critical role in shaping the urban microclimate and is significantly influenced by urban form and geometry. The most common method for determining spatial wind speed patterns in cities relies on numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, which resolve Navier-Stokes equations around buildings. While effective, these simulations are computationally [...]

Oceanic Alkalinity and Titration Alkalinity: a novel straightforward approach in keeping with common general chemistry

Hein J.W. de Baar, Mario Hoppema, Elizabeth M. Jones

Published: 2024-11-29
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

We present novel exact concepts of Oceanic Alkalinity and Titration Alkalinity that are in keeping with common chemistry. Oceanic Alkalinity is the small difference of the sum of charges of strong cations and the sum of charges of strong anions in seawater. This difference is compensated by the sum of charges of the weak anions minus the sum of charges of the weak cations. Titration Alkalinity [...]

Decoding sub-seasonal predictors of extreme heat with interpretable machine learning

Jagger Alexander, Zong-Liang Yang

Published: 2024-11-25
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

As climate change accelerates, heat waves are becoming more frequent, intense, and deadly. Enhancing forecasting capabilities through a better understanding of sub-seasonal predictors of extreme heat is crucial for adaptation efforts. This study utilizes an interpretable machine learning model, implementing Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), to evaluate [...]

Pycnocline Stratification Shapes Submesoscale Vertical Tracer Transport

Lilian Dove, Mara Freilich, Lia Siegelman, et al.

Published: 2024-11-08
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Pycnocline stratification is increasing across multiple ocean basins due to a warming surface ocean and increasing sea ice melt. Pycnocline stratification plays a leading order role in tracer transport, shaping capacity for heat and carbon uptake, making it a key parameter of interest on timescales ranging from paleoclimate to plankton blooms. Part of the challenge in assessing the role of [...]

Computational Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on Flood Inflows Using Remote Sensing and SWAT: A Case Study of Ban Chat Reservoir, Northern Vietnam

Vu Thi Phuong Thao, Vu Anh Le

Published: 2024-10-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study examines the changes in land cover and three water quality indicators (chlorophyll-a, colored dissolved organic matter, turbidity) using Sentinel-2 imagery in the Ban Chat hydropower area in Northern Vietnam during the period of 2016--2024. To assess the potential impact of flood flows into the Ban Chat reservoir, key information is extracted from remote sensing data, which is the [...]

The Role of Islands in Sea Ice Transport Through Nares Strait

Brandon Montemuro, Georgy Manucharyan

Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Nares Strait is a major pathway from the Arctic Ocean and an important climate system component. Sea ice's granular nature is pertinent in such straits with small islands where floes propagate by fracturing upon collisions. Since climate models are relatively coarse and use continuous sea ice rheology, they only partially capture the complexities of floe interactions. We use a floe-scale model, [...]

Half of anthropogenic warming now caused by fossil fuels

Nathaniel Tarshish, David M Romps, Inez Fung

Published: 2024-09-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Many human activities influence the climate, such as burning fossil fuels, clearing land, growing food, and using refrigerants. Among these, fossil fuels have long been considered the primary driver of global warming. Here, the impact of fossil fuels on historical warming is reassessed using a climate emulator ensemble that accounts for key uncertainties. This reveals that, until the 2020s, [...]

Evidence supporting a broader than previously thought influence of solar activity over Earth system’s processes. Discussion of a possible mechanism.

Héctor Sacristán

Published: 2024-09-08
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology

In this article, I show lines of evidence supporting a modulation of volcanic activity and some weather phenomena by solar wind conditions in the near-Earth environment. On a daily timescale, a correlation is found between the LP earthquake activity of Kilauea volcano, related to magma transport, and the Bx component of the interplanetary magnetic field as measured in the OMNI database for [...]

Signal-to-noise errors in early winter Euro-Atlantic predictions caused by weak ENSO teleconnections and pervasive North Atlantic jet biases

Christopher O'Reilly

Published: 2024-09-03
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Long-range winter predictions over the Euro-Atlantic sector have demonstrated significant skill but suffer from systematic signal-to-noise errors. In this study we examine early winter seasonal predictability in 16 state-of-the-art seasonal forecasting systems. Models demonstrate skill in the hindcasts of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in early winter, which mostly projects onto the East [...]

Two-dimensional Ekman-Inertial Instability: A comparison with Inertial Instability

Fabiola Trujano-Jimenez, Varvara E Zemskova, Nicolas Grisouard

Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

In the ocean, submesoscale flows tend to undergo several hydrodynamic instabilities. In particular, Inertial Instability (InI) and Ekman-Inertial Instability (EII) are known to develop in geostrophically balanced barotropic flows whose lateral shear is larger in magnitude and opposite in sign to the Coriolis parameter. Although these instabilities share some elements, their dynamical nature can [...]

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