Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Understanding Drought Awareness from Web Data

Mashrekur Rahman, Samuel Sandoval Solis, Thomas Harter, et al.

Published: 2023-08-17
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Mathematics, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Statistics and Probability

We used computer vision (U-Net) model to leverage Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Google Trends Search Interest (SI), and Twitter data to understand patterns with which people in Continental United States (CONUS) indicate awareness of and interest in droughts. We found significant statistical relationships between the occurrence of meteorological droughts (MD), as [...]

Improving Weather Prediction Technologies: Establishing a Relationship between Air Pollution and Weather Phenomena

Raghav Sriram

Published: 2023-08-11
Subjects: Chemistry, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

The primary focus of this research is to establish a link between air quality, weather patterns, and climate dynamics. Employing a correlative methodology, the study aims to investigate the association between air pollution levels and the occurrence frequency of acid rain events. To accomplish this, extensive quantitative meteorological data gathered from weather stations situated in the [...]

Our first Anthroponomic task: Remove the infrared pea soup

Ferren MacIntyre

Published: 2023-08-01
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Some underappreciated aspects of the climate. [Idealization]: Earth has a partially IR-opaque 5-km-deep tropospheric layer whose (slowly rising) top radiates waste heat to space at the -18°C Stefan-Boltzmann temperature and below which the temperature increases 33°C by adiabatic compression. Fossil-fuel CO2 has deepened this layer by 308 m and added 2°C of Anthropogenic Global Warming. [...]

Unsupervised clustering identifies thermohaline staircases in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean

Mikhail Schee, Erica Rosenblum, Jonathan Lilly, et al.

Published: 2023-07-28
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Thermohaline staircases are a widespread stratification feature that impact the vertical transport of heat and nutrients and are consistently observed throughout the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Observations of staircases from the same time period and geographic region form clusters in temperature-salinity ($T$--$S$) space. Here, for the first time, we use an automated clustering algorithm [...]

Plastics in the deep sea – a global estimate of the ocean floor reservoir

Xia Zhu, Chelsea Rochman, Britta Denise Hardesty, et al.

Published: 2023-07-22
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

The exponential increase in plastic production coupled with variable global waste management system efficiencies has resulted in large amounts of plastic waste entering the ocean every year. Although we know millions of tonnes of plastic have entered the oceans, we do not yet understand the patterns of its accumulation across space nor the drivers of these patterns. The deep ocean is expected to [...]

Application of Köppen Climate Classification of Two Remote Regions in Turkey

Görkem Güngör

Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

This paper presents the application of the Köppen climate classification system for two remote regions in Turkey. The author describes the Köppen system and the history of climate classification briefly. The author uses the meteorological data of Mersin province in the Mediterranean region and Sinop province in the Black Sea region. The author compares the results with the existing classification [...]

Separating Internal and Forced Contributions to Near Term SST Predictability in the CESM2-LE

Emily Gordon, Elizabeth A Barnes, Frances V Davenport

Published: 2023-07-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

An open question in the study of climate prediction is whether internal variability will continue to contribute to prediction skill in the coming decades, or whether predictable signals will be overwhelmed by rising temperatures driven by anthropogenic forcing. We design an interpretable neural network that can be decomposed to examine the relative contributions of external forcing and internal [...]

Last Glacial Maximum pattern effects reduce climate sensitivity estimates

Vincent T. Cooper, Kyle C. Armour, Greg Hakim, et al.

Published: 2023-07-14
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Here we show that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) provides a strong constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), the global-mean warming from increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations, after temperature patterns are accounted for. Feedbacks governing ECS depend on spatial patterns of surface temperature (“pattern effects”), hence using the LGM to constrain future warming requires [...]

Satellite-derived shorelines for monitoring of sandy beaches: a benchmark study

Kilian Vos, Kristen D Splinter, Jesús Palomar-Vázquez, et al.

Published: 2023-07-10
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geomorphology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Satellite remote sensing is becoming a widely used monitoring technique in coastal sciences. Yet, no benchmarking studies exist that compare the performance of popular satellite-derived shoreline (SDS) mapping algorithms against standardized sets of inputs and validation data. Here we present a new benchmarking framework to evaluate the accuracy of shoreline change observations extracted from [...]

Ensemble of land-surface air temperatures between 1880-2022 using a revised pair-wise homogenization algorithm

DUO CHAN, Geoffrey Gebbie, Peter Huybers

Published: 2023-07-06
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Various observational estimates of historical land surface air temperature (LSAT) trends differ on account of differences in corrections. Relative to the most-recent estimate provided by NOAA’s Global Historical Climatology Network Monthly Version 4 (GHCNm4), an estimate by Berkeley Earth is 0.02°C warmer and one by the Climate Research Unit (CRUTEM5) is 0.14°C warmer between 1880–1940. Such [...]

Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling

Lingcheng Li, Gautam Bisht, Dalei Hao, et al.

Published: 2023-06-28
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, [...]

Subseasonal Variability of U.S. Coastal Sea Level from MJO and ENSO Teleconnection Interference

Marybeth Arcodia, Emily Becker, Ben P. Kirtman

Published: 2023-06-27
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Climate variability affects sea levels as certain climate modes can accelerate or decelerate the rising sea level trend, but subseasonal variability of coastal sea levels is under-explored. This study is the first to investigate how remote tropical forcing from the MJO and ENSO impact subseasonal U.S. coastal sea level variability. Here, composite analyses using tide gauge data from six coastal [...]

Projected Changes in Hot, Dry and Compound Hot-Dry Extremes over Global Land Regions

paolo de luca, Markus G. Donat

Published: 2023-06-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The impacts of hot, dry and compound hot-dry extremes are significant for societies, economies and ecosystems worldwide. Such events therefore need to be assessed in the light of anthropogenic climate change so that suitable adaptation measures can be implemented by governments and stakeholders. Here we show a comprehensive analysis of hot, dry and compound hot-dry extremes over global land [...]

Assessment of Oceanographic Conditions during the North Atlantic EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) Field Campaign

Leah Johnson, David Siegel, Andrew Thompson, et al.

Published: 2023-06-07
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

This manuscript presents an overview of NASA’s EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing 2021 Field Campaign in the North Atlantic (EXPORTS NA) and provides quantitative and dynamical descriptions of the physical processes modulating water transformations during the study. A major programmatic goal was to conduct the sampling in a Lagrangian mode so that ocean ecological and [...]

Assessing Decadal Variability of Subseasonal Forecasts of Opportunity using Explainable AI

Marybeth Arcodia, Elizabeth A Barnes, Kirsten Mayer, et al.

Published: 2023-06-07
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Identifying predictable states of the climate system allows for enhanced prediction skill on the generally low-skill subseasonal timescale via forecasts with higher confidence and accuracy, known as forecasts of opportunity. This study takes a neural network approach to explore decadal variability of subseasonal predictability, particularly during forecasts of opportunity. Specifically, this work [...]

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