Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Unsupervised clustering identifies thermohaline staircases in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Published: 2023-07-28
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Thermohaline staircases are a widespread stratification feature that impact the vertical transport of heat and nutrients and are consistently observed throughout the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Observations of staircases from the same time period and geographic region form clusters in temperature-salinity ($T$--$S$) space. Here, for the first time, we use an automated clustering algorithm [...]
Plastics in the deep sea – a global estimate of the ocean floor reservoir
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The exponential increase in plastic production coupled with variable global waste management system efficiencies has resulted in large amounts of plastic waste entering the ocean every year. Although we know millions of tonnes of plastic have entered the oceans, we do not yet understand the patterns of its accumulation across space nor the drivers of these patterns. The deep ocean is expected to [...]
Application of Köppen Climate Classification of Two Remote Regions in Turkey
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
This paper presents the application of the Köppen climate classification system for two remote regions in Turkey. The author describes the Köppen system and the history of climate classification briefly. The author uses the meteorological data of Mersin province in the Mediterranean region and Sinop province in the Black Sea region. The author compares the results with the existing classification [...]
Separating Internal and Forced Contributions to Near Term SST Predictability in the CESM2-LE
Published: 2023-07-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
An open question in the study of climate prediction is whether internal variability will continue to contribute to prediction skill in the coming decades, or whether predictable signals will be overwhelmed by rising temperatures driven by anthropogenic forcing. We design an interpretable neural network that can be decomposed to examine the relative contributions of external forcing and internal [...]
Last Glacial Maximum pattern effects reduce climate sensitivity estimates
Published: 2023-07-13
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Here, we show that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) provides a stronger constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), the global warming from increasing greenhouse gases, after accounting for temperature patterns. Feedbacks governing ECS depend on spatial patterns of surface temperature (“pattern effects”); hence, using the LGM to constrain future warming requires quantifying how [...]
Satellite-derived shorelines for monitoring of sandy beaches: a benchmark study
Published: 2023-07-09
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geomorphology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Satellite remote sensing is becoming a widely used monitoring technique in coastal sciences. Yet, no benchmarking studies exist that compare the performance of popular satellite-derived shoreline (SDS) mapping algorithms against standardized sets of inputs and validation data. Here we present a new benchmarking framework to evaluate the accuracy of shoreline change observations extracted from [...]
Ensemble of land-surface air temperatures between 1880-2022 using a revised pair-wise homogenization algorithm
Published: 2023-07-06
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Various observational estimates of historical land surface air temperature (LSAT) trends differ on account of differences in corrections. Relative to the most-recent estimate provided by NOAA’s Global Historical Climatology Network Monthly Version 4 (GHCNm4), an estimate by Berkeley Earth is 0.02°C warmer and one by the Climate Research Unit (CRUTEM5) is 0.14°C warmer between 1880–1940. Such [...]
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling
Published: 2023-06-28
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, [...]
Subseasonal Variability of U.S. Coastal Sea Level from MJO and ENSO Teleconnection Interference
Published: 2023-06-27
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate variability affects sea levels as certain climate modes can accelerate or decelerate the rising sea level trend, but subseasonal variability of coastal sea levels is under-explored. This study is the first to investigate how remote tropical forcing from the MJO and ENSO impact subseasonal U.S. coastal sea level variability. Here, composite analyses using tide gauge data from six coastal [...]
Projected Changes in Hot, Dry and Compound Hot-Dry Extremes over Global Land Regions
Published: 2023-06-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The impacts of hot, dry and compound hot-dry extremes are significant for societies, economies and ecosystems worldwide. Such events therefore need to be assessed in the light of anthropogenic climate change so that suitable adaptation measures can be implemented by governments and stakeholders. Here we show a comprehensive analysis of hot, dry and compound hot-dry extremes over global land [...]
Assessment of Oceanographic Conditions during the North Atlantic EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) Field Campaign
Published: 2023-06-07
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
This manuscript presents an overview of NASA’s EXport Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing 2021 Field Campaign in the North Atlantic (EXPORTS NA) and provides quantitative and dynamical descriptions of the physical processes modulating water transformations during the study. A major programmatic goal was to conduct the sampling in a Lagrangian mode so that ocean ecological and [...]
Assessing Decadal Variability of Subseasonal Forecasts of Opportunity using Explainable AI
Published: 2023-06-07
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Identifying predictable states of the climate system allows for enhanced prediction skill on the generally low-skill subseasonal timescale via forecasts with higher confidence and accuracy, known as forecasts of opportunity. This study takes a neural network approach to explore decadal variability of subseasonal predictability, particularly during forecasts of opportunity. Specifically, this work [...]
California margin temperatures modulate regional circulation and extreme summer precipitation in the desert Southwest
Published: 2023-06-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
In August 2022, Death Valley, the driest place in North America, experienced record flooding from summertime rainfall associated with the North American monsoon (NAM). Given the socioeconomic cost of these type of events, there is a dire need to understand their drivers and future statistics. Existing theory predicts that increases in the intensity of precipitation is a robust response to [...]
Evolution of lake surface temperatures of high-altitude lakes in the European Alpine region under climate change
Published: 2023-05-25
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Lake Surface Temperature (LST) is a key characteristic that reflects meteorological and climatological influences on lakes. In general, there is limited LST data from high elevation lakes available as these areas are remote and not part of regular monitoring programs. Nonetheless, it is crucial to understand their response to climate warming for the development of effective management strategies [...]
Maxar’s WorldView-3 Enables Low-Concentration Methane Detection from Space
Published: 2023-05-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Methane is large contributor to climate change; for this reason, detecting and eliminating sources of methane emissions is a key element to minimizing the effects of on-going climate change. While there are a variety of methods currently used to detect methane emissions, ranging from ground-based sensors to aerial sensors like drones and aircraft, satellite detections provide a broad-area [...]