Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Pre-deliquescent water uptake in deposited nanoparticles observed with in situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Published: 2019-10-31
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Chemistry, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Chemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this work we study the adsorption, or uptake, of water onto deposited inorganic sodium chloride and organic malonic acid and sucrose nanoparticles at low relative humidities from 0 to 16%. We employ the surface sensitive ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique, which has a detection sensitivity from parts per thousand. Our results show that water is adsorbed on sodium [...]
Constructing statutory energy goal compliant wind and solar PV infrastructure pathways
Published: 2019-10-30
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geography, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science
Concerns over climate change have led governments around the world to establish a range of renewable, low-carbon energy goals. Plans for meeting these targets vary widely in their ambition, specificity, and time horizons. Wind and solar electricity generation will feature prominently in future energy systems that meet these renewable, low-carbon energy goals. Implementing large-scale wind and [...]
River inflow dominates methane emissions in an Arctic coastal system
Published: 2019-10-13
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Geochemistry, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Measurements of greenhouse gases in Arctic waters are strongly biased toward low-ice summer conditions, with few observations during periods of seasonal ice retreat. We present a year-round time series of dissolved methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), along with targeted observations during ice melt of CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) in a river and estuary adjacent to Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, [...]
Skillful multiyear predictions of ocean acidification in the California Current System
Published: 2019-10-10
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Climate, Earth Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The California Current System (CCS) sustains economically valuable fisheries and is particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, due to the natural upwelling of corrosive waters that affect ecosystem function. Marine resource managers in the CCS could benefit from advanced knowledge of ocean acidity on multiyear timescales. We use a novel suite of retrospective forecasts with an initialized [...]
Relative Dispersion in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Published: 2019-10-08
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present an analysis of relative dispersion and associated metrics from the RAFOS float observations collected during the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES) along with a set of particles from an eddy-resolving numerical model that simulated the flow in the DIMES region. Both RAFOS floats and numerical particles show correlated motions and isotropic pair [...]
Non-stationary teleconnection between the Pacific Ocean and Arctic sea ice
Published: 2019-10-08
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Over the last 40 years observations show a teleconnection between summertime Pacific Ocean sea-surface temperatures and September Arctic sea-ice extent. However, the short satellite observation record has made it difficult to further examine this relationship. Here, we use 30 fully-coupled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project to [...]
The North American hydrologic cycle through the last deglaciation
Published: 2019-10-01
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
While the climate evolution of North America during the last deglaciation has received considerable attention, few detailed model–data comparisons of the deglacial hydroclimate have been conducted at the continental scale. Here we use a transient climate simulation of the last deglaciation and a synthesis of hydroclimate proxies from across the continent to broadly assess the moisture budget and [...]
Holocene relative sea-level changes and glacial isostatic adjustment of the U.S. Atlantic coast
Published: 2019-09-30
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
The first quality-controlled Holocene sea-level database for the U.S. Atlantic coast has been constructed from 686 sea-level indicators. The database documents a decreasing rate of relative sea-level (RSL) rise through time with no evidence of sea level being above present in the middle to late Holocene. The highest rates of RSL rise are found in the mid-Atlantic region. We employ the database to [...]
Skillful seasonal prediction of key carbon cycle components: NPP and fire risk
Published: 2019-09-19
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seasonal forecasts of global CO₂ concentrations rely on the well-documented relationship with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), combined with estimated anthropogenic emissions. Here, we investigate the skill of the GloSea5 seasonal forecasting system for two carbon cycle processes that underlie the global CO₂–ENSO relationship: the impact of meteorological conditions on CO₂ uptake by [...]
Wide-swath altimetric satellite data assimilation with structured-error detrending
Published: 2019-09-17
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
For decades now, satellite altimetric observations have been successfully integrated in numerical oceanographic models using data assimilation (DA). So far, sea surface height (SSH) data were provided by one-dimensional nadir altimeters. The next generation Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite altimeter will provide two-dimensional wide-swath altimetric information with an [...]
Coupled climate and subarctic Pacific nutrient upwelling over the last 850,000 years
Published: 2019-09-06
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High latitude deep water upwelling has the potential to control global climate over glacial timescales through the biological pump and ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange. However, there is currently a lack of continuous long nutrient upwelling records with which to assess this mechanism. Here we present geochemical proxy records for nutrient upwelling and glacial North Pacific Intermediate Water [...]
Considering the role of adaptive evolution in models of the ocean and climate system
Published: 2019-08-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Numerical models have been highly successful in simulating global carbon and nutrient cycles in today’s ocean, together with observed spatial and temporal patterns of chlorophyll and plankton biomass at the surface. With this success has come some confidence in projecting the century-scale response to continuing anthropogenic warming. There is also increasing interest in using such models to [...]
Solar signals in observation indeed implied enhanced predictability since 1977
Published: 2019-08-27
Subjects: Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This is a Correspondence submitted to Nature GeoScience following the undermentioned paper: Gabriel Chiodo, Jessica Oehrlein, Lorenzo M. Polvani, John C. Fyfe & Anne K. Smith, Insignificant influence of 11-year solar cycle on the North Atlantic Oscillation, Nature Geoscience, volume 12, pages 94–99 (2019). It is a non-peer reviewed preprint.
Collapse of Eurasian ice sheets 14,600 years ago was a major source of global Meltwater Pulse 1a
Published: 2019-08-21
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Glaciology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rapid sea-level rise caused by the collapse of large ice sheets is a global threat to human societies. In the last deglacial period, the rate of global sea-level rise peaked at more than 4 cm/yr during Meltwater Pulse 1a, which coincided with the abrupt Bølling warming event 14,650 yr ago. However, the sources of the meltwater have proven elusive, and the contribution from Eurasian ice sheets has [...]
Quantifying Eulerian Eddy Leakiness in An Idealized Model
Published: 2019-08-21
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An idealized eddy-resolving ocean basin, closely resembling the North Pacific ocean, is simulated using MITgcm. We identify rotationally coherent Lagrangian vortices (RCLVs) and sea surface height (SSH) eddies based on the Lagrangian and Eulerian framework, respectively. General statistical results show that RCLVs have a much smaller coherent core than SSH eddies with the ratio of radius is about [...]