Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Crowdsourcing air temperature data for the evaluation of the urban microscale model PALM—a case study in central Europe
Published: 2023-03-22
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
In summertime and during heat events the urban heat island can negatively impact public health in urban areas. In the context of climate change, climate adaptation receives more attention in urban planning. Microscale urban climate modelling can identify risk areas and evaluate adaptation strategies. Concurrently, evaluating the model results with observational data is essential. So far, model [...]
The Role of Diffusivity Changes on The Pattern of Warming in Energy Balance Models
Published: 2023-03-17
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Atmospheric macroturbulence transports energy down the equator-to-pole gradient. This is represented by diffusion in energy balance models (EBMs), and EBMs have proven valuable to understanding and quantifying the pattern of surface temperature change. They typically assume climate-state independent diffusivity, chosen to well represent the current climate, and find that this is sufficient to [...]
Efficient modeling of wave generation and propagation in a semi-enclosed estuary
Published: 2023-03-14
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate, and high-resolution wave statistics are critical for regional hazard mapping and planning. However, long-term simulations at high spatial resolution are often computationally prohibitive. Here, multiple rapid frameworks including fetch-limited, look-up-table (LUT), and linear propagation are combined and tested in a large estuary exposed to both remotely (swell) and locally generated [...]
A Novel Heuristic Method for Detecting Overfit in Unsupervised Classification of Climate Model Data
Published: 2023-03-10
Subjects: Analysis, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Unsupervised classification is becoming an increasingly common method to objectively identify coherent structures within both observed and modelled climate data. However, in most applications using this method, the user must choose the number of classes into which the data are to be sorted in advance. Typically, a combination of statistical methods and expertise is used to choose the appropriate [...]
Steady decline in mean annual air temperatures in the first 30 ka after the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary
Published: 2023-03-06
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy
The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary marks one of the five major mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. How the climate system responded to a bolide impact and extensive volcanism at this time over different timescales is highly debated. Here we use the distribution of branched tetraether lipids (brGDGT) from fossil peats at two sites in Saskatchewan, Canada (paleolatitude ~55°N), to generate a [...]
Temporal evolution of under-ice meltwater layers and false bottoms and their impact on summer Arctic sea ice mass balance
Published: 2023-02-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Low-salinity meltwater from Arctic sea ice and its snow cover accumulates and creates under-ice meltwater layers below sea ice. These meltwater layers can result in the formation of new ice layers, or false bottoms, at the interface of this low-salinity meltwater and colder seawater. As part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), we used a [...]
Soil moisture modulation of midlatitude heat waves
Published: 2023-02-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Heat waves are broadly expected to increase in severity and frequency under climate change. Case studies highlight a number of physical mechanisms that play a role in present-day heat waves, which typically occur during a coalescence of anomalous atmospheric and land surface conditions. However, a unified model of heat wave physics is lacking, primarily owing to difficulty in disentangling the [...]
An Updated Parametrization of Algorithms to Retrieve the Diffuse Attenuation of Light in the Ocean from Remote Sensing and its Impact on Estimates of Net Primary Productivity
Published: 2023-02-10
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Other Environmental Sciences
We recently found a significant bias while validating frequently used ocean color algorithms retrieving the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd(λ))(Begouen and Boss, 2022). Here we modify existing algorithms for Kd(λ) to remove the observed bias at Kd(490), and evaluate the impact on global and regional estimates of net primary production (NPP) using two different primary production [...]
Evaluating large-domain, hecto-meter, large-eddy simulations of trade-wind clouds using EUREC4A data
Published: 2023-02-02
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The meso-scale variability in cloudiness of the marine trade-wind layer is explored with large-eddy simulations of regional extent and validated against observations of the EUREC4A field campaign. 41 days of realistically forced simulations present a representative, sta- tistical view on shallow convection in the winter North Atlantic trades that includes a wide range of meso-scale variability [...]
Exacerbated ozone pollution in the greening northern China
Published: 2023-01-20
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Biogenic volatile organic compounds are vital precursors of tropospheric ozone (O3). In the past decades, northern China has witnessed the strongest enhancement of vegetation covers due to national afforestation projects; however, response of the vegetation greenness to near-surface O3 remains unclear. By integrating measurements and numerical simulations, here we show that O3 pollution in [...]
How fine is fine enough? Effect of mesh resolution on hydrodynamic simulations in coral reef environments
Published: 2023-01-14
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coral reef environments are biodiversity hotspots that provide many services to coastal communities. They are currently facing an increasing anthropogenic pressure that jeopardises their survival. Numerical ocean models are an important tool to understand the functioning of coral ecosystems and the mechanisms ensuring their resilience. However, simulating the water circulation through reef [...]
Identifying the regional emergence of climate patterns in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stratospheric aerosol injection is a proposed form of solar climate invention (SCI) that could potentially reduce the amount of future warming from externally-forced climate change. However, more research is needed, as there are significant uncertainties surrounding the possible impacts of SCI, including unforeseen effects on regional climate patterns. In this study, we consider a climate model [...]
Potential Effects of Climate Change on Black Sea Water Temperatures
Published: 2022-12-27
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
There is a consensus that the Black Sea is affected by climate change in many ways. The Black Sea Physical Reanalysis system and Argo measurements are used for analyzing not only sea surface temperature (SST), but also the entire Black Sea over the period from 1993 to 2019. Linear regression and Mann-Kendall tests are used for detecting trends and the Pearson-correlation coefficient is used for [...]
Synthesizing Sea Surface Temperature and Satellite Altimetry Observations Using Deep Learning Improves the Accuracy and Resolution of Gridded Sea Surface Height Anomalies
Published: 2022-12-17
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Gridded sea surface height (SSH) maps estimated from satellite altimetry are widely used for estimating surface ocean geostrophic currents. Satellite altimeters observe SSH along one-dimensional tracks widely spaced in space and time, making accurately reconstructing the two-dimensional (2D) SSH field challenging. Traditionally, SSH is mapped using optimal interpolation (OI). However, OI [...]
Systemic Vulnerabilities in Hispanic and Latinx Immigrant Communities Led to the Reliance on an Informal Warning System in the December 10–11, 2021 Tornado Outbreak
Published: 2022-12-09
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
On December 10–11, 2021, the deadliest December tornado outbreak on record produced a family of EF4 tornadoes that severely impacted communities in Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee. Although the National Weather Service anticipated the outbreak three days earlier, not all communities received life-saving information before, during, or after the disaster. To examine systemic [...]