Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Atmospheric Sciences
Lorenz Energy Cycle Climatology for the Southwestern Atlantic Cyclones
Published: 2025-09-12
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology
This study presents a climatological assessment of the Lorenz Energy Cycle (LEC) applied to South Atlantic cyclones, using a Semi-Lagrangian framework. Over 6,700 cyclones were identified from ERA5 reanalysis (1979–2020), and LEC components were computed and averaged across four objectively defined life cycle phases: incipient, intensification, mature, and decay. Results reveal a coherent energy [...]
Quantification of natural CO2 emissions from mofettes using a low-cost sensor network at the Starzach site in south-west Germany
Published: 2025-09-04
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Meteorology
We present a top-down method to derive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from mofettes, using only point measurement time series at irregular locations. Notably, no wind vector information is needed, as gas transport is derived from cross-correlations between sensor stations and subsequently integrated using Gauss’ divergence theorem. The method is applied to an existing low-cost sensor network at [...]
Hunga eruption on 15 January 2022: Was there a precursor plume one hour before the eruption?
Published: 2025-09-04
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Volcanology
This note is aimed at the examination of a precursor plume one hour before the paroxysmal Hunga eruption on 15 January 2022, following a claim made in Van Eaton et al. (2023). After examination of a number of satellite and meteorological data, it is concluded in agreement with Prata et al. (2024) that this claim results from a misinterpretation of satellite imagery.
DCENT-I: A Globally Infilled Extension of the Dynamically Consistent ENsemble of Temperature Dataset
Published: 2025-08-31
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography
A spatially infilled Dynamically Consistent Ensemble of surface Temperature (DCENT-I) has been created by infilling land-air and sea-surface temperatures from DCENT using ordinary kriging with anisotropic and heterogeneous kernels. By incorporating air-temperature anomalies over sea-ice areas, DCENT-I provides spatially complete monthly temperature fields at 5° resolution from 1850 to the present [...]
Snowdrift and Accumulation on Landfast Ice Around Antarctic Icebergs: Insights from Modeling and Observational Data
Published: 2025-08-29
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Glaciology
Snow cover influences sea ice thermodynamics and mass balance, making its distribution and properties critical to polar research. Grounded icebergs in coastal Antarctica substantially affect surface snow distribution and landfast sea ice patterns, which has received limited scientific attention. To address this gap, this study integrates observational data with numerical snow transport [...]
High-Resolution Simulation of the Urban Heat Island Effect in Grenoble During the 2018 Heatwave: Evaluating WRF Model Configurations
Published: 2025-08-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Fluid Dynamics, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This study investigates the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in Grenoble, France, during the August 2018 heatwave, using high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations at 111 meters. The objective is to evaluate at this resolution the capac- ity of different WRF urban parameterizations such as the Building Effect Parameterization (BEP) and Building Energy Model (BEM), to [...]
WRFUP: A Python Package to Enhance Urban Simulations
Published: 2025-08-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Databases and Information Systems, Fluid Dynamics, Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
WRFUP is a Python package designed to enhance urban climate modeling in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model by automating the sourcing and ingestion of high-resolution urban morphology data. This package calculates crucial urban canopy parameters—URB_PARAM and FRC_URB2D—enabling precise simulations for advanced urban canopy parameterizations like SLUCM, BEP, and BEP+BEM. This tool [...]
Low-cost autonomous chambers enable high spatial and temporal resolution monitoring of soil CO₂ exchange across landscapes
Published: 2025-08-15
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Meteorology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Soil Science, Sustainability, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
1. Soil CO₂ flux is a critical component of ecosystem carbon cycling, but due to high cost and mechanistic constraints, existing measurement systems are often limited by trade-offs between resolution (temporal and spatial), and spatial coverage. These constraints hinder efforts to monitor soil fluxes across diverse, heterogeneous landscapes and environmental gradients. 2. We developed Fluxbot [...]
Robust networks of rainfall extremes emerge despite fragile ocean monsoon causality under Internal variability
Published: 2025-08-02
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography
Climate ready multi sectoral risk management relies on understanding not only where extreme rainfall occurs but also how such events synchronize across regions and interact with internal climate modes. The stability of synchronized rainfall networks and remote climate forcings under internal climate variability (ICV), especially when aggregating ensemble simulations for statistical robustness, [...]
Air quality impacts of electricity purchase and air travel by organizations
Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Organizational climate actions often prioritize greenhouse gas reductions without considering other impacts such as improved air quality from reduced fossil fuel use. While air quality benefits of large-scale policies are well studied, those of organization-level activities are more uncertain. We quantify the impact of organizations' fossil fuel use from electricity purchasing and air travel on [...]
Impact of Spatially Continuous Urban Surface Properties on Heatwave Simulations: A Multi-City Analysis
Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
Urban areas are unique in form and function, and representing them in process-based models requires prescribing facet-level morphological and radiative properties, among others. Most urban canopy models prescribe these by density class or local climate zone (LCZ), assigning identical values across broad regions or worldwide. However, properties can vary widely between and within cities. Global [...]
Navigating Rising Waters: Empowering Shunganunga Creek Floodplain Communities through Protection Motivation Theory
Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Studies, Meteorology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
In communities like those near Topeka’s Shunganunga Creek, where flooding is a frequent and expected part of life, risk communication must adapt to meet the unique circumstances of residents. To understand how people in this floodplain perceive risk and respond to flood warnings, we interviewed 11 residents, guided by principles from Protection Motivation Theory. Participants, including long-time [...]
Multilingual Community Visualizations (MCV): A GIS Dashboard for Linguistic Research and NWS Operations
Published: 2025-07-23
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences
The NWS is actively expanding its multilingual outreach to better serve the 68.8 million U.S. individuals who speak a language other than English at home. Among these, 26.3 million individuals with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) are of particular concern, as they often rely entirely on translated forecasts to make life-saving decisions. Yet identifying where these populations are concentrated [...]
The Subseasonal North Atlantic Oscillation is a Quasi-Semiannual, Propagating Disturbance
Published: 2025-07-03
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a well-studied mode of regional climate variability, associated with fluctuations in sea-level pressure (SLP), storm tracks, and the North Atlantic jet. These fluctuations have been perceived as a seesawing between two climatic phases, one corresponding to a more poleward jet and the other to a more equatorward. However, recent work has shown that zonal [...]
Satellite-based assessment of methane emissions from the Darvaza gas crater
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Methane (CH₄) is one of the most potent greenhouse gases, and the gas-burning Darvaza crater in Turkmenistan is a rare and persistent emitter. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the date of the crater formation (assumed to be either in 1963 or 1971), the ignition of the fire, and the relation between the fire intensity and methane release. In this study, we reconstruct the fire history [...]