Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Volcanology
Deep source regions for Patagonia backarc volcanism imaged by finite frequency body wave tomography
Published: 2025-04-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
The subduction of Chile Ridge beneath South America beginning 12-16 Myr ago opened a gap in the subducting slab beneath southern Patagonia, which migrated northward and is located today at 46oS. Geodynamic processes associated with the slab window are poorly understood. Here we apply finite-frequency P and S body wave tomography to seismic data from several temporary arrays as well as regional [...]
Volcano stratigraphy and mapping
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Volcano-geologic mapping and stratigraphic reconstructions provide important information toward understanding patterns of edifice construction and destruction of volcanic systems, their eruptive histories and recurrence rates, and magmatic evolution and plumbing systems, all of which are required to make informed hazard assessments. Geologic mapping of volcanic terrains also provides context in [...]
A new hypothesis for bimodal volcanism in the Kermadec Arc
Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Bimodal volcanism of basaltic and rhyolitic magmas in the Kermadec Arc has been attributed to the fractional crystallization of basaltic sources. However, new evidence from the Kibblewhite Volcano reveals two distinct differentiation pathways originating from mantle-derived basaltic and andesitic primary magmas. Here we employ geothermobarometric estimations, mass-balance calculations, and [...]
The Petrology, Geochemistry, and Origin of the East Australian Potassic Suite: Bulk Chemistry and Genesis
Published: 2025-03-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Volcanology
The Eastern Australian Potassic Suite (EAPS) is an alkaline volcanic province made up of over 20 widely dispersed outcrops that extend almost 700 km, forming the southern portion of the world’s longest continental hotspot track, the Cosgrove track. In contrast to the large basaltic volcanic complexes to the east and north, the EAPS occurs exclusively as mafic potassium–rich occurrences with [...]
Orange and Orange-Volcanoes: a New Open and Collaborative Platform to Perform Data-Driven Investigations and Machine Learning Analyses in Petrology and Volcanology
Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Multivariate Analysis, Volcanology
Orange-Volcanoes is an extension of the open-source Orange data mining platform specifically tailored for geochemical, petrological, and volcanological investigations. Orange-Volcanoes enhances the original platform by incorporating specialized tools to enable interactive data-driven investigations in geochemistry, such as performing Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA). Applying CoDA [...]
Petrographical evidence of the >1000 km voyage of a white pumice raft that arrived at the Ogasawara and Nansei Islands after the October 2023 earthquakes in the southern Izu Islands
Published: 2025-02-12
Subjects: Volcanology
An earthquake swarm occurred at Sofu Seamount near Izu-Torishima in the Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) Arc, Japan, on 8 October 2023, followed by the arrival of unexpectedly-large tsunamis over a wide area of the Pacific coast of southwest Japan. On 20 October, aerial observation identified floating pumice rafts extending for ~80 km in the area the seamount, which were subsequently sampled and found to [...]
Methodological Advances in Volcanology: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Volcano Monitoring, Modelling, and Hazard Assessment
Published: 2025-02-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Volcanology
This chapter explores the opportunities and challenges of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in volcanology. It starts by introducing the basic concepts of AI and ML. Then, it discusses the current and potential applications of AI and ML in volcanology, including recent advances in petrology, geophysics, remote sensing, and ground monitoring. We highlight that AI and ML [...]
Where has all the Sinter gone? From the Pink and White Terraces, the Greatest Tourist Attraction of the Southern Hemisphere
Published: 2025-02-02
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geology, Geomorphology, Other Geography, Paleontology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Debate continues over the silica sinter Pink and White Terraces, the greatest tourist attraction of the southern hemisphere. The 1886 Tarawera eruption may or may not have destroyed them by burial or eruption. This research compiles surviving sinter. The volume is unexpectedly tiny, which bears on the debate. A database was developed including photography. A forensic approach was taken to [...]
Stratigraphic influence on emplacement and 3-dimensional structure of a large mafic sill in sedimentary strata
Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Sills are fundamental elements of volcanic plumbing systems emplaced, among other, in sedimentary basins. Even though sills are commonly considered simple, straight concordant igneous sheets, they are actually complex 3-dimensional objects. The detailed knowledge of the 3D structure of sills and their host rock is of primary relevance to better constraining the emplacement mechanisms and the [...]
Origin and fate of methane in the Central American convergent margin
Published: 2025-01-10
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Volcanology
Convergent margins are gateways to Earth’s interior where volatile species are cycled between the planet's surface and interior. At these locations, carbon is recycled from deep reservoirs in two main forms: oxidized carbon, such as carbon dioxide, and reduced carbon, such as methane. While the former is quantitatively more important and its volcanic fluxes have been better constrained, the [...]
Leaky faults modulated magma ascent and seismicity during the 2022 São Jorge (Azores) volcanic unrest
Published: 2024-12-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Understanding the signatures and mechanisms of failed volcanic eruptions is vital for mapping magma plumbing systems and forecasting volcanic hazards. Geological structures like fractures and faults are key to guiding magma, but their mechanisms remain unclear due to limited 3-D mapping of faults in volcanic regions and sufficiently precise earthquake locations. The triple-junction setting of the [...]
VolcAshDB – A global database of volcanic ash particles
Published: 2024-11-25
Subjects: Geology, Volcanology
Volcanic ash is made of particles smaller than 2 mm and is produced during volcanic eruptions. Studying the properties of volcanic ash is key for a range of applications, including volcano monitoring. However, given the large variety of textures, colors, and shapes of particles from different eruptions and volcanoes it is challenging to classify them in a reproducible and systematic manner. Here, [...]
Improved Precision and Reference Materials for Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis in Basaltic Glasses using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Published: 2024-09-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanology
We introduce three new reference materials and a new high-precision set-up for stable carbon isotope analysis in basaltic glasses using large-geometry secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) instrument. The new hydrous basaltic reference materials, characterised for carbon concentration and isotope composition by step-heating gas extraction and manometry followed by isotope ratio mass [...]
Evidence supporting a broader than previously thought influence of solar activity over Earth system’s processes. Discussion of a possible mechanism.
Published: 2024-09-08
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
In this article, I show lines of evidence supporting a modulation of volcanic activity and some weather phenomena by solar wind conditions in the near-Earth environment. On a daily timescale, a correlation is found between the LP earthquake activity of Kilauea volcano, related to magma transport, and the Bx component of the interplanetary magnetic field as measured in the OMNI database for [...]
Audible and Infrasonic waves generated during the 2022 Hunga eruption: Observations from across Aotearoa New Zealand
Published: 2024-08-09
Subjects: Other Earth Sciences, Volcanology
The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano (Kingdom of Tonga) featured one of the most powerful blasts in recent history, generating atmospheric acoustic phenomena observed around the world. Here we examine seismo-acoustic data of the eruption from across Aotearoa New Zealand, host of the densest network of seismo-acoustic sensors in the south-west Pacific. We find clear evidence for two [...]