Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Volcanology
Large uncertainty in volcanic aerosol radiative forcing derived from ice cores
Published: 2019-06-20
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Reconstructions of volcanic aerosol radiative forcing are required to understand past climate variability. Currently, reconstructions of pre-20th century volcanic forcing are derived from sulfate concentrations measured in polar ice cores, predominantly using a relationship between average ice sheet sulfate deposition and stratospheric sulfate aerosol based on a single explosive eruption - the [...]
Modification of fumarolic gases by the ice-covered edifice of Erebus volcano, Antarctica
Published: 2019-06-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The chemistry of gases measured in ice caves and from warm geothermal ground at Erebus volcano, Antarctica, show that gas emissions are dominated by air, with varying amounts of added volcanic CO2. This suggests widespread circulation of air through the volcanic edifice, as well as spatially or temporally varying contributions from magmatic degassing. The resulting gases are further modified by [...]
Physically consistent modeling of dike induced deformation and seismicity: Application to the 2014 Bárðarbunga dike, Iceland
Published: 2019-06-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Dike intrusions are often associated with surface deformation and propagating swarms of earthquakes. These are understood to be manifestations of the same underlying physical process, although rarely modeled as such. We construct a physics-based model of the 2014 B\ar{\dh}arbunga dike, by far the best observed large dike ($> 0.5$ km$^3$) to date. We constrain the background stress state [...]
Microstructural Constraints on Magmatic Mushes under Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi
Published: 2019-05-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Distorted olivines of enigmatic origin are ubiquitous in erupted products from a wide range of volcanic systems (e.g., Hawaiʻi, Iceland, Andes). Investigation of these features at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i, using an integrative crystallographic and chemical approach places quantitative constraints on mush pile thicknesses. Electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) reveals that the microstructural [...]
Deeply buried ancient volcanoes control hydrocarbon migration in the South China Sea
Published: 2019-04-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Buried volcanoes are increasingly identified in the sedimentary basins both on lands and continental margins. However, their roles on the post-eruption fluid flows are still poorly understood, which greatly influence the estimate of seal integrity and increase the hydrocarbon exploration/production risks. Here we use high-resolution 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the northern South [...]
The 2018-2019 seismo-volcanic crisis east of Mayotte, Comoros islands: seismicity and ground deformation markers of an exceptional submarine eruption
Published: 2019-02-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
On May 10th, 2018, an unprecedented long and intense seismic crisis started offshore, east of Mayotte, the easternmost of the Comoros volcanic islands. The population felt hundreds of events. Over the course of one year, 32 earthquakes with magnitude greater than 5 occurred, including the largest event ever recorded in the Comoros (Mw = 5.9 on May 15th, 2018). Earthquakes are clustered in space [...]
Reconstructing the Anak Krakatau flank collapse that caused the December 2018 Indonesian tsunami
Published: 2019-02-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Volcanogenic tsunamis are one of the deadliest volcanic phenomena. Understanding their triggering processes and mitigating their effect remains a major challenge. On 22 December 2018, flank failure of the Anak Krakatau volcano in Indonesia generated a tsunami which killed more than 400 people. This event was captured in unprecedented detail by high-resolution satellite imagery and eyewitness [...]
Further evidence for magmatic bias in 14C dating of the Taupo and other major eruptions: response to Hogg et al. https://eartharxiv.org/7r5jp/
Published: 2019-02-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
We appreciate the opportunity to respond to Hogg et al.’s critique of HDK182. We consider that neither the arguments nor the additional data presented by Hogg et al. provides a basis for rejecting our hypothesis of magmatic carbon bias in proximal 14C ages for the Taupo eruption. Hogg et al. focus on the wiggle match and Kaipo Bog dates out of > 40 data points, whereas our paper focused on the [...]
Geochemical characterisation of the Late Quaternary widespread Japanese tephrostratigraphic markers and correlations to the Lake Suigetsu sedimentary archive (SG06 core)
Published: 2019-02-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Large Magnitude (6-8) Late Quaternary Japanese volcanic eruptions are responsible for widespread ash (tephra) dispersals providing key isochrons suitable for the synchronisation and dating of palaeoclimate archives across East Asia, the NW Pacific and beyond. The transfer of geochronological information using these eruption deposits demands robust tephra correlations underpinned by detailed and [...]
Explosive eruptions with little warning: Experimental petrology and geodetic observations from the 2014 eruption of Kelud, Indonesia
Published: 2019-01-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Explosive eruptions that occur with little or no precursory unrest pose the greatest hazards from volcanoes to nearby populations. Here we focus on the pre-eruptive conditions for these explosive events, their triggers and how these eruptions evolve. An example of such an event is the 2014 explosive eruption of Kelud volcano, where we have conducted a set of petrological experiments to understand [...]
Correspondence: The Taupo eruption occurred in 232 ± 10 CE, and not later
Published: 2019-01-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The Taupo eruption deposit is an isochronous marker bed that spans much of New Zealand’s North Island and pre-dates human arrival. Holdaway et al. (2018, Nature Comms 9, 4110) propose that the current Taupo eruption date is inaccurate and that the eruption occurred “…decades to two centuries…” after the published wiggle-match estimate of 232 ± 10 CE (2 s.d.) derived from a tanekaha (Phyllocladus [...]
Can we relate the surface expression of dike-induced normal faults to subsurface dike geometry?
Published: 2018-12-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Dikes feed volcanic eruptions and drive crustal extension on Earth and other planetary bodies. Yet many dikes do not reach the surface, instead triggering normal faulting and graben formation in overlying rock. Whilst dike-induced faults provide a surficial and accessible record of active and ancient diking, unlocking these archives is difficult because we do not know how faults grow above or [...]
The Warnie Volcanic Province: A Jurassic Volcanic Province in Central Australia
Published: 2018-12-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
The Cooper and Eromanga Basins of South Australia and Queensland are the largest onshore hydrocarbon 9 producing region in Australia. Igneous rocks have been documented infrequently within end of well reports over 10 the past 34 years, with a late Triassic to Jurassic age determined from well data. However, the areal extent and 11 nature of these basaltic rocks were largely unclear. Here, we [...]
Exceptionally large block-and-ash flows: a detailed study of the 2005 and 2010 eruption deposits of Shiveluch volcano
Published: 2018-11-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Two of the largest known historic block-and-ash flow (BAF) fields are located on Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka. The deposits were produced during retrogressive and pulsatory dome collapse events that occurred over 6-9 hour-long eruptions on 27-28 February 2005 and 27 October 2010. The BAFs that were produced by these partial dome collapse events extend up to 19 km from the dome and inundate areas [...]
Chronology and phenomenology of the 1982 and 2015 Wolf volcano eruptions, Galápagos Archipelago
Published: 2018-11-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The 1982 and 2015 eruptions are the first at Wolf volcano, Galápagos Archipelago, with eyewitness accounts and satellite imagery. Both eruptions are characterized by a rapid, intense initial phase and multiple eruptive vents leading to the formation of large ‘a‘ā lava fields with scarce pāhoehoe deposits, mostly associated with the waning phases. The 1982 eruption started on 28 August from an [...]