Preprints
There are 7355 Preprints listed.
Global Flood Mapper v2: Open-Access Flood Mapping and Exposure Assessment with Sentinel-1 SAR
Published: 2026-07-31
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology
We present Global Flood Mapper v2 (GFM v2), which adds flood depth estimation, on-demand GeoTIFF export, cloud-based impact assessment against high-resolution land cover and five global population datasets to quantify exposure uncertainty, and parameter-encoded URLs for reproducibility and sharing. Its predecessor, GFM v1, was already an open-access, globally operational web portal for rapid, [...]
Microstructural Inference Framework for Saturated Soils Based on the Maximum Entropy Principle: Analytical Formulation, Numerical Implementation, and Validation
Published: 2026-07-31
Subjects: Engineering
The unit weight γ and the permeability k define an underdetermined inverse problem: infinitely many pore-size distributions p(s) are compatible with the same pair of observations. Empirical correlations resolve this ambiguity by imposing rigid structural forms —valid only for a limited range of materials— that do not hold across the broad spectrum of natural soils. This work formulates an [...]
Topology-Preserving Multifractal Exchange Upscaling for Flow and Reactive Transport in Fractured Crystalline Rock
Published: 2026-07-30
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology
Groundwater flow and radionuclide transport in fractured crystalline rock are governed by multiscale fracture connectivity, heterogeneous hydraulic properties, matrix diffusion, and coupled geochemical processes. Conventional continuum and discrete-fracture models often have difficulty preserving both geometric complexity and transport-relevant connectivity during upscaling. This study presents a [...]
Integrating Climate Change into Hydraulic Hazard Assessment: A Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Modeling Approach on the Muto Stream Basin
Published: 2026-07-30
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
The Mediterranean basin is currently experiencing a profound shift in its climatological baseline, with extreme weather events striking coastal and inland catchments with unprecedented intensity. This changing paradigm forces engineers, hydrologists, and environmental planners to fundamentally rethink how spatial management and infrastructure design are approached. In this paper, we document and [...]
Beyond Black-Box Flood Susceptibility Mapping: An Explainable and Community-Validated GIS-Machine Learning Framework
Published: 2026-07-30
Subjects: Engineering
Floods are among the most destructive natural hazards, causing substantial economic losses, environmental degradation, and threats to human lives worldwide. Although Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and machine learning (ML) have significantly improved flood susceptibility mapping (FSM), many existing models remain difficult to interpret due to their black-box nature, limiting stakeholder [...]
Model and algorithm for constructing a horizon surface in the vicinity of a single fault
Published: 2026-07-30
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The article addresses the problem of constructing 3D structural models of geological horizons under faulting conditions. The most labor-intensive stage of structural reservoir modeling is the construction of horizon surfaces that must simultaneously fit seismic data and satisfy structural consistency conditions near faults. It is proposed to reduce the problem of recovering the "unreliable" [...]
Unequal scaling of urban vegetation cooling across sociodemographic groups
Published: 2026-07-30
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Nature and Society Relations
Urban vegetation cools cities, but its benefits often reach disadvantaged residents least, a growing concern as urban heat risks intensify. Whether residence-based cooling exposure and its inequality scale systematically with population size and density, as infrastructural and socioeconomic attributes do, remains unclear. Here, we simulate vegetation cooling across Switzerland using process-based [...]
Competing Health Impacts of Smoke from Wildfires, Agricultural Burning, and Prescribed Fires in California
Published: 2026-07-30
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Sciences
Wildfire smoke is a dominant threat to air quality and public health in North America, but smoke from other fire sources can also affect health during wildfire seasons. In California, smoke from agricultural burning and prescribed fire co-occurs with wildfire smoke, yet the competing health impacts of these sources remain poorly quantified. To investigate these differential impacts, we estimate [...]
Lead contamination in cassava-based food and tubers (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in French Guiana: evidence for soil-to-plant transfer as the primary source
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
This study investigates lead (Pb) contamination in cassava in French Guiana, focusing on its sources, accumulation processes, and. Previous studies in the area have shown that cassava-based products could be a source of lead in diets, raising concern about human exposure. The results show that cassava tubers often contain lead concentrations and 72% of the analysed samples (n=81) exceed [...]
Statistical projections of the mean changes in intra-seasonal rainfall characteristics over Zambia from the reference period 1971-2000 to the future 2021-2050.
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
As the Earth continues to warm, extreme seasonal precipitation events such as dry spells, floods, and droughts are expected to become more frequent and severe worldwide, including in Zambia. Zambia's agricultural sector, heavily dependent on seasonal rainfall, is highly sensitive to such fluctuations, with longer dry spells and floods threatening farmer livelihoods and national food security. [...]
A community data commons for equitable Earth Science
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Earth observation data are abundant but rarely analysis-ready, and the burden of preparation limits who can participate in science. For the last six years, the Google Earth Engine Community Catalog has closed that gap via community-curated, cloud-hosted, FAIR datasets built without formal funding, advancing discovery and equity worldwide.
Dynamic Framework to Quantify Thermal Resiliency and Passive Survivability During Prolonged Air Conditioning Outages in Extreme Hot Climate: Arizona Case Study
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Engineering, Other Engineering
Increasing frequency and severity of extreme heat events, and growing dependence on air-conditioning systems emphasize the need to evaluate thermal resiliency of buildings during cooling outages. Existing thermal resiliency evaluation methodology do not fully capture passive survivability and recovery components. This study aims to develop a comprehensive dynamic framework to evaluate thermal [...]
Manganese Oxidation States Reveal a Continental-Scale Climate-Driven Redox Gradient in Upland Soils
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Biochemistry, Geochemistry, Soil Science
Soil redox conditions regulate soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence and nutrient availability, yet macroclimatic controls in uplands remain unclear because O2 depletion reflects the interactions of moisture, labile carbon, soil texture, and microbial demand. Here we pair manganese (Mn) oxidation state, an integrative redox proxy, with effective water balance (mean annual precipitation minus [...]
Revisiting Snoke’s (1987) Spectral Expressions: Coefficient Correction and Its Implications for Dynamic Insights
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Source parameters such as seismic moment, corner frequency, stress drop, radiated energy, and apparent stress are often derived from the Brune (1970) source spectrum. Building on this, Andrews (1986) formulated analytical relations that link those parameters to spectral integrals of squared velocity and displacement, and Snoke (1987) introduced an approximation that enables their practical [...]
MUONITH v1.0 — A Fast Simulation Tool for Multi-directional Muography Observation Design
Published: 2026-07-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Multi-directional muography is a non-destructive technique for imaging the three-dimensional density structure of large objects such as volcanoes. Recent developments in detector technology—miniaturization, low-power operation, and weight reduction—are rapidly expanding the range of feasible observation sites, and detector deployment by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is also being studied; in [...]