Preprints
There are 7421 Preprints listed.
GIS-Based Assessment of Urbanization Impact on Green Space Dynamics in Awka, Nigeria (1990–2020)
Published: 2026-08-14
Subjects: Education
This research project focuses on assessing the impact of urbanization on green spaces in Awka Urban City, Nigeria, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The study spans the years 1990 to 2020 and employs Landsat satellite imagery for geospatial analysis. The primary objectives include mapping and quantifying the extent of urbanization, analyzing changes in green space distribution, and [...]
Large-Scale Modulation of Mesoscale Convective System Propagation and Diurnal Rainfall over the Western Maritime Continent
Published: 2026-08-14
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology
The western Maritime Continent exhibits a pronounced regional diurnal cycle of rainfall, to which the propagating Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) make a significant contribution. Using an automated tracking algorithm based on brightness temperature, we quantify the contribution of MCSs to the regional diurnal cycle over Singapore and the South China Sea. MCSs affecting the Singapore sector [...]
Nature dependency analysis and the contributions to assessing nature-related risks
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Human dependency on natural capital and ecosystem services (ES) present significant risks to wellbeing and economic prosperity, which are poorly understood. While tools, such as the Exploring Natural Capital Opportunities, Risks and Exposure (ENCORE) database, provide valuable global dependency information, translating these insights into country-specific contexts remains challenging. Here, we [...]
Earth Embedding Products for Geospatial Analysis: Foundations, Applications, and Open Challenges
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Engineering
Earth observation satellites generate petabytes of imagery each year, but extracting useful information remains constrained by limited labels, heterogeneous sensors, and the cost of processing large archives. Foundation models reduce part of this burden by learning transferable representations from multi-source observations. More recently, these representations have been precomputed over [...]
Identifying the Antarctic melt contribution to Last Interglacial sea level from Eurasian relative sea-level records
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
High global mean sea level during the Last Interglacial was likely to have largely been driven by Greenland and Antarctic melt, but the timings, rates, and relative magnitudes of these contributions remain elusive. Due to the geometry of ice-sheet fingerprints, relative sea level records in the Eurasian region are likely to be sensitive to ice mass changes in Antarctica while being relatively [...]
SHiPA-LLM: Interpretable Regional Crop Production Estimation and Driver Analysis by Coupling Deep Learning with a Knowledge-Grounded Large Language Model
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Remote Sensing
Under climate change, regional-scale crop production estimation requires not only stable numerical results, but also a traceable evidence chain that can support mechanism diagnosis and decision-making. Existing regional monitoring systems usually rely on stitching multi-source heterogeneous data with complex alignment procedures, and prediction and explanation are often separated, making it [...]
The effect of plankton vertical migration on primary productivity in a warmer more stratified ocean
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Life Sciences
Marine primary production sustains ocean ecosystems and plays a central role in regulating the global carbon cycle. Current projections suggest that ocean warming will enhance water stratification, limiting the resupply of inorganic nutrients to surface waters, and consequently reduce primary production. This view neglects possible biological feedback mechanisms such as vertical migration by [...]
Fluorapatite Breakdown and Fluor-edenite Formation in the Pristine Winonaite Calate 047 from Chile's Atacama Desert
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Cosmochemistry, Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Planetary Geochemistry, Planetary Mineral Physics
We report the discovery and characterization of Calate 047, a new amphibole-bearing winonaite found in Chile's Atacama Desert. This meteorite exhibits a fine-grained granoblastic texture with equigranular silicates (70-350 μm) and extremely magnesian compositions (olivine Fa1.6-1.8, low-Ca pyroxene Wo1.46-1.7Fs0.44-1.17, high-Ca pyroxene Wo45.26-45.81Fs0.70-0.93, plagioclase An17.7-18.8). Calate [...]
Annual high-resolution global ambient population estimates from 1975 to 2024
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Nature and Society Relations, Other Geography, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science
Gridded population data support assessments of human exposure, settlement change, infrastructure demand, and access to services, yet global datasets combining annual coverage over multiple decades with fine spatial resolution remain limited. LandScan Mosaic Time Series provides 50 annual estimates of global ambient population distribution at 3 arc-second resolution from 1975 through 2024. The [...]
Stokes flow in logarithmic-viscosity space: velocity renormalization and a reference-operator formulation
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology
Effective viscosity in crystalline solids commonly depends exponentially on temperature, pressure, composition and other state variables, producing spatial variations over many orders of magnitude and making variable-viscosity Stokes flow numerically demanding. We develop an exact, coordinate-independent reformulation using logarithmic viscosity \(\Lambda=\ln(\eta/\eta_0)\) and renormalized [...]
Coastal Aquifer Energy in Plymouth, UK
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Plymouth, UK, is a city underlain by a coastal karstic aquifer system, impacted by saline intrusion. The aquifer is being investigated as a source of ambient water for a city-wide heat network. Findings of aquifer-energy pumping tests are reported, highlighting the arising opportunities and challenges. The concept presented here deviates from typical aquifer energy systems, in that thermally [...]
A process-based framework for regional landslide debris inundation hazard assessment: application to the West Coast region of New Zealand
Published: 2026-08-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Regional landslide debris inundation hazard assessments commonly rely on scenario-based formulations that require explicit enumeration of discrete landslide events. While effective for local studies, these approaches are computationally intensive, sensitive to scenario design choices, and difficult to apply consistently at regional scales where landslide catalogues are incomplete and long-term [...]
Obliquity limit of megathrust earthquakes
Published: 2026-08-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The largest earthquakes occur on subduction-zone megathrusts, where plates commonly converge obliquely to trenches and generate trench-parallel strain. How this strain is partitioned between megathrust slip and upper-plate deformation remains uncertain, hindering earthquake recurrence estimates. Here we combine global slab geometry, plate motions, and earthquake focal mechanisms to quantify [...]
Model-Free Relative Permeability Estimation and Oil Recovery Prediction in Reservoir Rocks from Capillary Pressure Curves
Published: 2026-08-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper presents and validates a model-free method for predicting the relative permeability and oil recovery of reservoir rocks directly from the shape of the capillary pressure curve, tested against real reservoir core, digital rock models, and a large soil-hydraulic dataset. Relative permeability is the key saturation function governing production forecasts, water cut, and oil recovery in [...]
Specification conformance, grid resolution and inter-code spread in an independent simulation of the SPE11B CO2 storage benchmark
Published: 2026-08-12
Subjects: Geology
Confidence in geological CO2 storage forecasts rests on simulators whose discrepancies are, for the most part, characterised against each other rather than against a truth. We wrote a two-phase, two-component, fully implicit CO2 storage simulator from scratch, ran it on the SPE11B benchmark to the specification's own reporting resolution (840 × 120 cells, 1,000 yr), and used the reimplementation [...]