Preprints
There are 7721 Preprints listed.
Physics, Ecology, Mathematics and Engineering of the Negawatt Economy: A Formal Architecture for Verified Energy Conservation
Published: 2026-09-26
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The contribution is a formal issuance architecture for verified energy conservation. The Negawatt (NWT) is the registry denomination of that conservation: one NWT equals one megawatt-hour (1 MWh) accepted under Proof of Conservation. In this paper, energy conservation means measured and verified avoided energy use relative to an adjusted baseline; it does not mean the First-Law [...]
Hidden periodicity in LiDAR point-count rasters
Published: 2026-09-26
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
LAS files store coordinates on a fixed step, usually 1 cm, and counting points in raster cells can add a regular pattern that comes from the storage and counting grids rather than the ground. We ask how a user can test whether a repeating pattern in a point-count raster was introduced this way. We model three mechanisms (grid mismatch, boundary rounding and uneven filling of stored positions), [...]
Three thresholds and a computer-assisted phase diagram for the spectral stability of periodic hydroelastic Whitham waves
Published: 2026-09-26
Subjects: Glaciology, Non-linear Dynamics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Partial Differential Equations
We study the spectral stability of 2π-periodic travelling waves of the hydroelastic Whitham equation, a scalar model with the full linear dispersion relation of water waves under a thin elastic sheet (e.g. a floating ice cover), as a function of the flexural rigidity T. Besides the modulational cluster at the origin, the zero-amplitude spectrum has, on an interval of T, a collision of opposite [...]
Interface Habitats: An Integrated Observing Strategy for Earth’s Most Dynamic and Consequential Aquatic Boundaries
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Biodiversity, Climate, Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
One line, no hard line breaks — safe to copy and paste: Interface Habitats – the dynamic boundaries where water meets land, the seafloor, the atmosphere, and ice, and where fronts, eddies, and filaments draw comparably sharp boundaries within the water itself – are among Earth's most productive, diverse, and rapidly changing ecosystems, and the site of most human interaction with aquatic [...]
Transient Events: A Rapid-Response, Multi-Platform Observing Strategy for Detecting and Understanding Abrupt Change in Aquatic Ecosystems
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Biochemistry, Biodiversity, Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Extremes, not average conditions, increasingly govern the state of aquatic ecosystems and the risks they carry for people. Events far outside normal variability can reshape ecosystem structure and function within hours to weeks, and both the observational record and climate projections indicate such extremes are growing more frequent, more intense, and longer lasting. Whether an extreme becomes a [...]
Leveraging Ocean Data and Models: Building the Data Infrastructure, Workforce, and Modeling Capacity to Synthesize Earth’s Ocean Observations
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate, Computer Sciences, Databases and Information Systems, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Geology, Hydrology, Meteorology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Other Earth Sciences, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
NASA’s aquatic and marine research enterprise within the overarching NASA Biosphere Program is entering an era of unprecedented data abundance. MODIS and the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission already generate ocean color data at rates that strain legacy processing and archiving workflows, and forthcoming missions will add further volume and complexity. These satellite [...]
Carbon and the Elements of Life: Integrated Observing and Modeling of Marine Biological Carbon Cycles
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biodiversity, Biogeochemistry, Biology, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The global ocean acts as a massive reservoir for carbon dioxide, establishing ocean biogeochemistry as a primary driver of global carbon distributions [1-3]. This dynamic system is mediated by living organisms that cycle carbon and other elements through the ocean interior and air-sea interface, and is already being altered by warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and shifting nutrient supply [...]
The Influence of Large-Scale Weather Patterns on Potential Wind Energy Fields over Mexico
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Statistics and Probability
The assessment of wind energy resources in large regions presents a substantial challenge for energy system operators due to the intricacies involved in accurately describing all atmospheric circulation patterns and, even more so, modeling their inherent dynamics. This research primarily aimed to identify the prevailing synoptic weather patterns over continental Mexico and its surrounding [...]
Rare deglacial-aged corals point to weaker El Niño in a colder world
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Extreme El Niño events, the warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have increased in frequency since the late 20th century, intensifying concerns about ENSO’s response to a changing climate and its far-reaching impacts on global weather. Yet climate model projections of future ENSO behaviour remain divergent, and simulations under past glacial boundary conditions likewise lack [...]
Ocean surface currents directly imaged from space
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
For more than four decades, satellite images of ocean temperature and colour have revealed jets, swirling eddies, and filaments. Yet the currents that shape these structures have never been directly imaged from space. This observational gap limits our understanding of the ocean's impact on climate and marine ecosystems, as these currents modulate exchanges between the coast and open ocean, [...]
A brief history of equifinality in hydrological modelling: from GST to GLUE to ML
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
AbstractEquifinality has shaped hydrological modelling for five decades. The equifinality thesis rejects the concept of an “optimal” model in favour of the possibility that different model structures or parameter sets can provide similarly acceptable representations of a system when uncertainties in the forcing and evaluation data are considered, especially when those data are subject to [...]
Rapid Source Constraints and Nodal-Plane-Robust Static Stress Transfer of the 24 September 2026 Mw 5.3–5.4 Şanlıurfa Earthquake, Southeastern Türkiye
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Risk Analysis
On 24 September 2026, a moderate earthquake occurred in southeastern Türkiye near the Hilvan–Karaköprü sector of Şanlıurfa Province. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reported M 5.3 at 37.4736°N, 38.8612°E and 10 km depth, whereas the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority of Türkiye (AFAD) issued a rapid Mw 5.4 solution at a shallower and approximately 5.9 km displaced hypocenter. We [...]
Do public records document PFAS drinking-water response handoffs? A 51-jurisdiction audit
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Engineering
PFAS monitoring, assistance, and project records are often public, yet a reader may still be unable to trace a named response across administrative stages. We conducted a registered, frozen public-source audit of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The registered test documented 13/204 predeclared strict relationships; no later relationship met the rule. The audit shows when a public [...]
Geospatial Foundation Models for forest diversity mapping in structurally complex, species-rich forests
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Forest Sciences
Foundation-model satellite embeddings have been proposed as transferable, analysis-ready predictors for Earth Observation, yet their value for biodiversity mapping in forest ecosystems remained unclear. This study addresses three main methodological gaps as one of the first applications of foundation-model embeddings to forest diversity mapping in structurally complex forests: (i) a head-to-head [...]
Deep seismo-volcanic tremors constrain the magma supply from the mantle
Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Volcanic eruptions are driven by magma supplied from the mantle, yet deep magmatic flux remains poorly constrained. Here we propose to quantify it based on deep seismic tremors. We adopt a model of tremor generation by rapid growth of gas bubbles in response to magma decompression and establish a physical relationship between the cumulative seismic moment and the volume of the ascending magma. By [...]