Preprints
There are 7141 Preprints listed.
AEF-Econ: Toward Plug-and-Play Socioeconomic Foundation Embeddings from AlphaEarth for Urban Remote Sensing
Published: 2026-06-19
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Nature and Society Relations, Remote Sensing, Social and Behavioral Sciences
AlphaEarth Foundations (AEF) unify global remote sensing foundation embeddings through multimodal self-supervised learning, but their pretraining focuses on physical land-surface signals, limiting plug-and-play use in socioeconomic tasks. We integrate seven heterogeneous data streams across 36 Chinese cities over eight years—AEF embeddings, population, nighttime lights, remote sensing indices, [...]
Underestanding Tipping Points Caused by Climate Change in Iran: A review
Published: 2026-06-19
Subjects: Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate tipping points are caused by global warming and refer to critical thresholds in the climate system, crossing which leads to irreversible changes in climate conditions, ecosystems, and even socio-economic structures. These changes may occur over long time scales, ranging from several decades to hundreds of years, and their effects are often negative and threatening, although some positive [...]
Spatial autocorrelation inflates the global leaf-wax d2H-precipitation slope
Published: 2026-06-19
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry
Leaf wax hydrogen isotope ratios (δ²Hwax) are used to make inferences about past hydroclimate, but global calibrations between δ²Hwax and precipitation isotopes (δ²Hprecip) ignore spatial autocorrelation and inflate apparent relationships. This study compiled 1,129 surface sediment and soil measurements of δ²Hwax from n-C29 alkanes and developed hierarchical Bayesian spatial models to separate [...]
Analyzing The Capabilities Of Frugal Digital Twins For Sustainable Smart City Infrastructure Development In Africa: An ESGS Perspective From Ghana.
Published: 2026-06-19
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Digital twins, virtual replicas that mirror physical infrastructure through real-time data, have emerged as a pivotal technology for smart city development globally. However, their deployment in developing countries remains constrained by high costs, limited digital infrastructure, and insufficient local expertise. This paper analyses the capabilities of frugal digital twins as enablers of [...]
Regional anthropogenic aerosol reductions amplify probability of record-breaking heat extremes
Published: 2026-06-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Record-breaking heat extremes are becoming more likely due to anthropogenic climate change, with their probability depending on the regional warming rate. Anthropogenic aerosol forcing modulates these warming rates, and aerosols are declining globally. However, the influence of aerosols on the probability of record-breaking heat extremes remains unclear. Here, we assess how aerosol trends alter [...]
A Photogrammetric Method for Volume Correction of Soil Core Samples
Published: 2026-06-18
Subjects: Forest Sciences
Soil volume is an important reference value that is often determined through standardized sampling cylinders. Methods exist for measuring missing soil volume, but they either modify the sample or are time-consuming. Our new method uses structure-from-motion photogrammetry to create a 2.5D model of the soil-filled sampling cylinders from which the missing volume can be determined. We quantified [...]
Linking double seismic zones to oceanic lithosphere rheological layering: the role of mid-lithospheric discontinuities
Published: 2026-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The origin of the ubiquitous lower seismic layer (LSL) in double seismic zones (DSZs) within subducting oceanic lithosphere remains one of the most persistent unresolved problems in subduction-zone seismicity. Analysis of recent geophysical observations reveals a close spatial association between the LSL and the oceanic mid-lithospheric discontinuity (MLD), a feature attributed to the [...]
HPHT Micro-to-Nano Seismic Comparison of GEIOS Nitrogen Hybrid Gas Nanofoam vs. Water-Proppant EGS
Published: 2026-06-18
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Statement of peer-review status: This is a non-peer-reviewed preprint. The work derives from internal laboratory testing at Nanogeios Laboratory and has not been submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. For patent and intellectual-property security, certain sources and proprietary technical details (e.g., exact nanoparticle composition and surfactant/stabiliser chemistry) are intentionally not [...]
Analysis of the potential of NLP techniques to identify climate change themes in Canadian social media textual content
Published: 2026-06-17
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Social media discussions about climate change offer valuable insights into how the public views climate issues and their willingness to engage in personal climate actions. Understanding individual climate actions is crucial because households are responsible for more than 70% of global carbon emissions, and lifestyle changes alone can reduce carbon emissions by approximately 15%. This research [...]
Seismic Evidence for an Ultralow Velocity Zone Beneath the Cape Verde Hotspot
Published: 2026-06-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mega ultralow velocity zones (mega-ULVZs), thin patches of strongly reduced seismic velocity with large horizontal extent just above the core-mantle boundary (CMB), are increasingly found beneath deep mantle plumes, suggesting a link to hotspot volcanism. The Cape Verde hotspot is thought to overlie a deep plume, but whether a ULVZ exists at its base has remained unknown. We present [...]
Tropical cyclones intensify mesoscale eddy variability and accelerate Western Boundary Current instability
Published: 2026-06-17
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tropical cyclones strongly disrupt the upper ocean, yet their influence on mesoscale variability in western boundary current systems remains poorly quantified. The Gulf of Mexico, where the Loop Current regularly sheds large warm-core eddies, offers an ideal setting to examine how hurricanes reshape mesoscale dynamics. Using a high-resolution ocean model and hurricane-denial experiments, we [...]
Lead contamination from shooting activities: bioavailability, bioaccessibility and hydrological controls on Pb geochemical partitioning in soil
Published: 2026-06-17
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Lead (Pb) contamination in soils is a persistent environmental and human health concern in areas affected by shooting activities. This study provides an integrated assessment of Pb geochemical behaviour, plant interactions, and human bioaccessibility in waterlogged alluvial wetland soils from Soglitelle (southern Italy), a natural reserve historically impacted by hunting activities. The results [...]
Can Green Infrastructure Curb Urban Sprawl? Evidence from China's Sponge City Program and Spatial Implications for Emerging Asia
Published: 2026-06-16
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Motivated by the global challenges of unsustainable urban expansion and climate vulnerability, China implemented the Sponge City Program (SCP) as a large-scale nature-based intervention. Moving beyond its conventional framing as a purely hydraulic tool, this study re-evaluates the SCP as a catalyst for spatial governance. Utilizing a Double Machine Learning (DML) approach on spatial data from 279 [...]
ENSO-Driven Modulation of the Caribbean Subsurface Salinity Maximum
Published: 2026-06-16
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study identifies El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as the primary driver of interannual subsurface salinity variability in the Caribbean Sea. Using 30 years of high-resolution, data-assimilative ocean reanalysis (1993–2022), we show that the Subsurface Salinity Maximum (SSM) closely tracks ENSO cycles: El Niño events correspond to a saltier and deeper SSM, while La Niña drives a fresher [...]
Internal Processes Driving the Slow-to-Fast Transition of a Rockslide
Published: 2026-06-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Landslides may creep slowly for decades to centuries under external influences such as rainfall or seismic shaking. Predicting when and how they transition into catastrophic acceleration remains a major challenge because the internal processes driving failure occur at depth and are often not evident from surface observations alone. Here, we combine local seismic and geodetic measurements to [...]