Preprints
There are 7969 Preprints listed.
Climate Risk Intelligence Index (CRII): An AI-Augmented Satellite-Based Climate Vulnerability Assessment Framework for India
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring
Climate change has emerged as a major global challenge affecting environmental sustainability, hydrological stability, urban resilience, and ecosystem health. Conventional climate vulnerability assessment systems primarily rely on static rule-based frameworks and isolated environmental indicators, limiting contextual interpretability and adaptive reasoning across geographically diverse regions. [...]
High-resolution 14C stratigraphy reveals decadal periodicity in stromatolite lamination
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stromatolites constitute amongst the oldest evidence for life on Earth and preserve laminated records throughout most of geological time. However, the timescales represented by their lamination remain poorly constrained. Here, we report the first high-resolution 14C dating combined with Bayesian age-depth modelling for three Holocene stromatolites from contrasting depositional environments. The [...]
Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Atmospheric Pollutants and Dispersion Mechanisms over West Bengal (2019–2024): Insights from Sentinel-5P, GEOS-CHEM, and HYSPLIT Models
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology
This study delivers a thorough spatio-temporal analysis of atmospheric pollutants and their dispersion mechanisms across West Bengal (2019–2024), utilizing an integrated approach of Earth Observation and modeling techniques. We employed satellite data from Sentinel-5P alongside GEOS-Chem box modeling, HYSPLIT trajectory simulations, and AI-enhanced statistical methods to examine trends, identify [...]
Brazil’s climate targets impaired by the potential cessation of the Amazon carbon sink
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies, Forest Sciences, Life Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Sustainability
In accordance with the recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), countries utilize the "managed land" proxy for their national greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories. This implies deducting “passive” carbon removals from countrywide gross GHG emissions. Long-term forest plots indicate that the carbon sink in structurally intact Amazon forest has weakened by [...]
Spatially evaluated statistical reconstruction of Quaternary vegetation with PaleoVeg
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Paleobiology
Statistical vegetation–climate models translate palaeoclimate simulations into vegetation estimates for reconstructing Quaternary environments. We present PaleoVeg, which builds on the probabilistic approach of Shao et al. (2018) using a Random Forest and WorldClim 2.1 bioclimatic variables. It predicts probabilities for 11 vegetation and bare-ground classes and option- ally applies [...]
Advances in UAV-Based Methane Emission Monitoring: Sensors, Sampling Geometry, and Quantification
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are one key platforms for monitoring methane due to their flexible deployment with spatial scales between ground-based sensors and crewed aircraft This review synthesises research on UAV sensing technologies, flight and sampling strategies, quantification methods, and validation practices. It finds that quantitative performance depends on the combined choice of [...]
Where the Water Begins: A Field Guide to Six Streams Rising in the Knuckles Mountain Range, Sri Lanka
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Hydrology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Water Resource Management
The Knuckles mountain range in central Sri Lanka is one of the wettest parts of the Mahaweli basin, and the streams that rise on its slopes feed the Victoria, Randenigala, Moragahakanda and Kalu Ganga reservoirs on which irrigation, hydropower and drinking water for a large part of the country depend. Walkers in the range meet these streams every day, yet there is no single account of where each [...]
Historical air quality database in Navarre, Spain (2011–2025): Harmonized hourly records and relational Star Schema of atmospheric pollutants
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Monitoring
Administrative air quality monitoring networks often release public data across fragmented repositories, variable formats, and inconsistent time encodings, hindering automated scientific re-use. This paper presents a curated, harmonized, and quality-controlled environmental dataset covering 15 consecutive years (2011–2025) of hourly atmospheric observations in Navarre, Spain. Integrating [...]
Conditional Benefits of Point-Level UAV LiDAR--Multispectral Fusion for 3D Vegetation Classification
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Monitoring
Multisensor remote-sensing fusion combines complementary measurements of landscape structure and surface reflectance, but adding a second modality does not necessarily produce uniform classification gains. This study evaluates point-level data fusion of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) LiDAR and multispectral imagery within a three-dimensional (3D) point-cloud representation. Tree--shrub [...]
Hotspots of Efficient Large-scale Circulation Response to Idealized Diabatic Heating
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
Soil moisture anomalies can influence large-scale atmospheric circulation and thereby affect remote regions. However, the seasonal and geographical dependence of these circulation responses has been largely unexplored. Here, we conduct idealized experiments with a Linear Baroclinic Model, imposing identical low-level diabatic heating anomalies across global land to examine atmospheric circulation [...]
Prospectivity model for magmatic Nickel, Copper, Cobalt, and Platinum-Group Elements in the Midcontinent Rift
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Volcanology
Much of the Midcontinent Rift is concealed beneath glacial sediment, which limits direct geological observation and makes it difficult to evaluate the potential for undiscovered magmatic Ni–Cu–PGE deposits with publicly available data. The 1.1 Ga rift hosts the Eagle Ni–Cu–PGE deposit of northern Michigan, one of the few domestic sources of nickel, a critical mineral of the United States. We [...]
Explainable and Uncertainty-Aware Computational Geodetic Inversion: A Review and Framework for Multi-Source Earth Observation
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Geodetic inversion converts surface and remote sensing data into estimates of concealed Earth system parameters, including fault slip, magma-source geometry, subsurface mass changes, crustal strain, and time-dependent geohazard activities. This review explores geodetic inversion as a computational challenge that involves combining diverse data, optimizing and quantifying uncertainty, and [...]
Constraining Lithospheric Delamination on Venus with Flexural Topography and Trench Geometry
Published: 2026-10-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rollback-style lithospheric recycling has been proposed for a subset of Venusian coronae and other tectonic features based on the presence of trench-outer-rise systems, but the mechanism and conditions required to initiate recycling remain poorly understood. Peel-back delamination (PBD) is a proposed mechanism in which dense lithospheric mantle decouples and peels away from a thin layer of [...]
Spatiotemporal Variability of Aerosols over Ghana: Changes Associated with the COVID-19 Period
Published: 2026-10-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a leading environmental health risk in West Africa, yet long-term characterization of aerosol variability in Ghana is constrained by sparse surface monitoring. Here we combine aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra and Aqua satellites (2010-2022), the daily, 1 km2 Gridded Africa Surface [...]
Droughts are dominated by anomalous circulation not anomalous atmospheric moisture content
Published: 2026-10-29
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
Agricultural drought is a sustained soil moisture deficit caused by reduced net moisture flux to the land surface. We show that agricultural droughts can occur when the atmosphere is anomalously wet, challenging the assumption that surface drying reflects atmospheric moisture deficits. Precipitation declines during drought even under increased atmospheric moisture, indicating low precipitation [...]