Preprints
There are 7303 Preprints listed.
A Late Miocene Reduction in the Spatial Breadth of Marine Tephra Occurrence: A Five-Basin Test of the Volcanic-Pulse Hypothesis
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Episodic "pulses" of explosive volcanism have been widely invoked to explain climatic and biotic events across the Phanerozoic, but rarely tested against a high-resolution, multi-basin occurrence record. I tested for non-random temporal clustering of explosive volcanism using VOLCORE, a compilation of 34,696 visible tephra layers recovered by ocean drilling from across the world’s ocean basins. [...]
History-free spectral modelling of fractional seismic1 attenuation on fixed self-adjoint operators
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fractional wave models represent power-law attenuation and dispersion, but direct Caputo5 time stepping retains an increasingly long memory. We isolate the fixed-operator case in6 which a prescribed positive self-adjoint semidiscrete spatial operator is queried repeatedly at7 selected output times, receiver locations, or dense-basis source weights. Its fractional tem-8 poral evolution is [...]
Branch-resolved fixed-band near-constant-Q criteria for variable-order fractional seismic attenuation
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We establish a closed-corridor near-constant-Q criterion for variable-order fractional wave operators. In one-dimensional graded media, and in a conditional multidimensional weak-attenuation corridor assuming a standard caustic-free real geometric-optics phase, the branch-normalized local quality factor satisfies \(Q(x,\omega)=Q_0(x)+R(x,\omega)\), [...]
Multi-scale constraints resolve the 2025 Kamchatka megathrust rupture in a 3D heterogeneous Earth
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Great megathrust earthquakes produce deformation over a wide range of spatial scales, yet how near‑trench, near‑field, and far‑field static displacements collectively constrain the same rupture remains poorly understood. Here we analyze the 29 July 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake using spatially multi-scale observations: tsunami-derived initial uplift models for near-trench offshore deformation, [...]
Multiscale land-atmospheric feedbacks intensify hot droughts over global river-basins
Published: 2026-07-22
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
When drought and heatwave coincide as hot drought, its impacts exceed the sum of individual hazards. The understanding that hot drought intensifies through soil drying is incomplete. We instead find amplification and suppression of hot droughts over both dry and wet soils, with wet (dry) soil-associated amplification (suppression) being the secondary pathway. Moreover, soil-moisture control on [...]
Local thermal externalities of hyperscale datacenters: causal satellite evidence and implied cooling costs
Published: 2026-07-21
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Hyperscale datacenter construction converts agricultural or greenfield land into continuous heat rejection campuses, yet no causal estimate of the resulting local thermal effect exists. This paper applies a Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) staggered difference-in-differences estimator to spatially differenced Landsat satellite thermal imagery across 59 datacenter sites in the United States, with [...]
An assessment of surface versus underground vault installations of broadband seismometers in the hard-rock terrain of the Deccan Volcanic Province, India
Published: 2026-07-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Surface or ground-level installations of broadband seismic stations are routinely used in temporary seismic networks deployed in the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) of peninsular India. In this study, we assess the feasibility and utility of a shallow vault installation in this region, by installing a broadband station in an urban environment, with the sensor placed $\sim 1$ m below ground level. [...]
Soil acidity governs cropland phosphorus availability under future climate
Published: 2026-07-21
Subjects: Agriculture, Biogeochemistry, Soil Science
Understanding the response of agricultural phosphorus (P) cycling to climate change is fundamental for ensuring global food security and protecting planetary boundaries1–2. Recently, Wang et al.3 reported a drastic reduction in soil P bioavailability (32–34%) under long-term elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) and warming in rice paddies, attributing it to enhanced geochemical sequestration via [...]
Assessing Predictive Accuracy of Tornado Resilience Models Through Post-event Reconnaissance Data Analysis
Published: 2026-07-21
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering
Community resilience assessment under a given hazard scenario is commonly performed by representing the building inventory through archetypes and assigning fragility functions for multiple limit states to each archetype. However, because these archetypes and fragility functions may be developed from design provisions, mechanics-based analyses, expert judgment, or historical event data, their [...]
The Tarim Mega Impact Event: A Permian (~290 Ma) Mega-Impact Triggering Global Magmatism, the Artinskian Warming Event, and the Central Asian Arc-LIP Belt
Published: 2026-07-20
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geographic Information Sciences, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
We propose that an oblique mega-impact by a ferronickel asteroid (~180×100×90 km, 22 km/s, incidence angle 24°) that occurred at ~290 Ma in the present-day Tarim Basin can, through the "thin-target penetration" mechanism, attempt to unify within a single physical framework: (1) the Tarim Large Igneous Province (TLIP) flood basalts; (2) the Pamir–Iran–Turkey arcuate mafic–ultramafic magmatic belt; [...]
Thermal Dynamics of Peri-Urban Landscapes: A Paired Spatial Analysis of Brick Kilns and Bare Soil in León, Guanajuato
Published: 2026-07-19
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences
Urban expansion and industrial activities in peri-urban environments modify land cover and influence surface thermal patterns. This study examines the thermal behavior of artisanal brick kilns in León, Guanajuato, Mexico, using a paired spatial approach designed to distinguish the contribution of kiln activity from that of the surrounding landscape. Landsat 8 Collection 2 Level-2 imagery acquired [...]
Azimuthal Anisotropy and Lateral Velocity Gradient Beneath Australia From Teleseismic P-wave Polarization Anomalies
Published: 2026-07-18
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Teleseismic P-wave polarization anomalies provide useful constraints on lateral heterogeneity and anisotropic structure beneath seismic stations, but their application to continental-scale structures has remained limited. Here, we analyze long-period teleseismic P-wave polarization anomalies recorded at permanent and temporary seismic stations across Australia. We apply a harmonic analysis to the [...]
Magmatic Fertility Indicators of the Chagai Arc: A Systematic Review of Published Whole-Rock Geochemistry and Implications for Porphyry Cu–Au Prospectivity
Published: 2026-07-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The porphyry copper–gold (Cu–Au) deposits of the world are the primary source for copper and are significant producers of gold and molybdenum, and the genesis is always linked to the geochemical characteristics of the arc magmas from which the deposits crystallised. The Chagai Arc of western Pakistan is a Neotethyan subduction-related magmatic belt with several significant porphyry prospects, [...]
Cloud-Free Imaging Probability Forecasting for Optical Earth-Observation Tasking over Yerevan, Armenia
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Remote Sensing
Optical Earth-observation satellites such as Sentinel-2 cannot see through cloud, so a tasking attempt over a cloudy target wastes a limited imaging window along with onboard power and downlink bandwidth. We study whether next-day cloud conditions over Yerevan, Armenia can be forecast accurately enough to automate the binary Go/No-Go tasking decision. Daily cloud-free fractions are derived from [...]
Historical Pattern Effects and Climate Sensitivity Revisited with Novel Constraints on Past Warming Patterns
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The historical record (1850–present) can constrain equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) only if we know the patterns of sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SIC) that shape radiative feedbacks. Feedbacks depend on spatial patterns of SST and SIC (“pattern effects”), yet the impact of historical SST/SIC uncertainty on feedback estimates has not been systematically quantified. [...]