Preprints
There are 7366 Preprints listed.
Fourier Neural Operator Surrogates for Hysteretic Multiphase Flow in Heterogeneous Geological CO2 Storage Reservoirs
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Modeling hysteresis in heterogeneous field-scale reservoirs is essential for estimating residual CO2 trapping capacity and assessing the security of geological storage. This requires accounting for both relative permeability hysteresis and capillary pressure hysteresis, which control path-dependent multiphase flow and the spatial distribution of trapped gas. Because maximum residual gas [...]
A novel integrated assessment framework to inform Australia's net zero transition
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Agriculture, Environmental Studies, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science
Australia has set an ambitious goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Attaining this target will require important transformations across multiple sectors of the economy. Integrated assessment models can provide valuable insights into the interactions across sectors of the economy, including land, agriculture and energy, to guide these complex transformations. However, many [...]
Dynamic Leveling of the Kanto Basin, Japan: A Unified Model Linking the Kanto Fragment and Mw 8 Deep Earthquakes
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Kanto Basin in central Japan has preserved an anomalously flat surface for more than one million years, defying the intense compressional tectonic regime of the Japanese island arc. Conventional static sedimentation and sea‑level fluctuation models cannot adequately explain this long‑term planar stability. This study proposes a dynamic leveling mechanism driven by two interacting deep [...]
The Possible Global Role of Nature-Based Solutions in Reducing People’s Vulnerability to Climate Change
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Environmental Studies
While climate mitigation is essential for maintaining global mean temperature within 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, climate adaptation is necessary both now and in the coming decades. Ecosystems provide a wide array of services, including those that can reduce the negative impacts of climate change. Actions that solve problems using ecosystem services, called Nature-based Solutions (NbS), [...]
Models of Thermosyphon Performance, Design, and Influence on Glacier Flow
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Glaciology
Sea-level rise threatens coastal communities worldwide, and the acceleration of West Antarctic glaciers is the largest source of uncertainty in sea-level projections. The melt rate at the ice-bed interface is a primary control on the flow speed of fast-moving Antarctic glaciers and ice streams, whose beds are lubricated by meltwater and governed by thermodynamic feedback. Thermosyphons are [...]
Reconstructing Spatial Denudation Patterns in a Reverse-Engineered Fluvial Catchment
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Engineering
Quantifying the spatial heterogeneity of denudation rates is a challenge in geomorphology, particularly in tectonically subdued montane landscapes. We develop a sediment flux-based framework to estimate spatial denudation using a generic reverse-engineered fluvial catchment. The model combines physically based hydraulic geometry with a sediment transport relation to compute gravel flux throughout [...]
A Simple Method for Assessing Global Warming of the Earth
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Observational science, such as climate science, is experiencing unprecedented development owing to the enormous volume of data generated every day and the increasing use of artificial intelligence, which significantly facilitates and accelerates data processing, analysis, and interpretation. Any significant change in the main measured or calculated variables used for environmental monitoring [...]
Village-Scale Mapping of Agricultural Systems and Intensification Levels in Benin Using Geospatial Data and Machine Learning
Published: 2026-08-02
Subjects: Agriculture
Agricultural systems are rapidly transforming, making regular mapping critical for policy guidance. Field-based surveys remain costly and spatially limited, while satellite data represent a promising avenue for characterising agricultural systems. This study explores the use of freely available satellite and geospatial data to produce an exhaustive village-scale mapping of agricultural systems [...]
Structured empirical waveform contamination in moment tensor inversion of shallow mining seismicity: A synthetic diagnostic framework
Published: 2026-08-01
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Full moment tensor inversion of shallow mining-induced seismicity is affected by sparse station coverage, near-surface effects, and structured waveform mismatch that is not adequately represented by random-noise assumptions. We present a synthetic diagnostic study using the Jacobina mining district, Brazil, as a realistic reference case for local network geometry, shallow source depths, and [...]
An experimental study on element migration and pore evolution during supercritical carbon dioxide geological sequestration in deep coal seams of the Ningxia region, China
Published: 2026-08-01
Subjects: Mining Engineering
With the intensification of global climate change, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become a global challenge. As a high-emission region, Ningxia faces significant pressure to reduce emissions. Geological storage of carbon dioxide is considered one of the key technologies for achieving carbon neutrality. Utilizing deep unmineable coal seams for CO2 sequestration can not only reduce [...]
A Deep Learning-based Workflow for the Automated Focal Mechanism Determination in Italy
Published: 2026-08-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The determination of earthquake focal mechanisms is crucial for understanding tectonic processes and assessing seismic hazard. While traditional methods based on manual polarity picking have proven effective, they are time-consuming and potentially subject to analyst’s bias, particularly for small to moderate earthquakes. This study presents a machine learning-based approach for automating focal [...]
Global Flood Mapper v2: Open-Access Flood Mapping and Exposure Assessment with Sentinel-1 SAR
Published: 2026-07-31
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology
We present Global Flood Mapper v2 (GFM v2), which adds flood depth estimation, on-demand GeoTIFF export, cloud-based impact assessment against high-resolution land cover and five global population datasets to quantify exposure uncertainty, and parameter-encoded URLs for reproducibility and sharing. Its predecessor, GFM v1, was already an open-access, globally operational web portal for rapid, [...]
Microstructural Inference Framework for Saturated Soils Based on the Maximum Entropy Principle: Analytical Formulation, Numerical Implementation, and Validation
Published: 2026-07-31
Subjects: Engineering
The unit weight γ and the permeability k define an underdetermined inverse problem: infinitely many pore-size distributions p(s) are compatible with the same pair of observations. Empirical correlations resolve this ambiguity by imposing rigid structural forms —valid only for a limited range of materials— that do not hold across the broad spectrum of natural soils. This work formulates an [...]
Topology-Preserving Multifractal Exchange Upscaling for Flow and Reactive Transport in Fractured Crystalline Rock
Published: 2026-07-31
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology
Groundwater flow and radionuclide transport in fractured crystalline rock are governed by multiscale fracture connectivity, heterogeneous hydraulic properties, matrix diffusion, and coupled geochemical processes. Conventional continuum and discrete-fracture models often have difficulty preserving both geometric complexity and transport-relevant connectivity during upscaling. This study presents a [...]
Integrating Climate Change into Hydraulic Hazard Assessment: A Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Modeling Approach on the Muto Stream Basin
Published: 2026-07-31
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
The Mediterranean basin is currently experiencing a profound shift in its climatological baseline, with extreme weather events striking coastal and inland catchments with unprecedented intensity. This changing paradigm forces engineers, hydrologists, and environmental planners to fundamentally rethink how spatial management and infrastructure design are approached. In this paper, we document and [...]