Preprints
There are 7179 Preprints listed.
Denoising teleseismic data for deep Earth studies using a supervised deep-learning auto-encoder: a case study of diffracted waves from ULVZs
Published: 2026-06-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic noise, particularly the microseism generated by the oceans, is a fundamental limitation on using short period (1 - 10 s) teleseismic data to study the deep Earth. Deep learning auto-encoders have proven effective at denoising seismic data in other applications. Here, we provide a demonstration of their potential for improving the quality of deep Earth seismic data, using Sdiff [...]
Quantifying Trail-Induced Fragmentation in Protected Natural Areas Using Large-Scale GPS Trajectory Analysis
Published: 2026-06-27
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Human Geography, Physical and Environmental Geography
Protected areas are essential for biodiversity conservation, but recreational activities can fragment habitats through trail networks. This study quantifies trail-induced fragmentation across all protected area types in Switzerland using a novel computational pipeline combining fastgeotoolkit for GPS trajectory processing and GeoPandas for spatial analysis. 3,136 hiking GPS tracks (29,563 km [...]
Improving Atmospheric River Forecast Over Himalayas using Convolutional Neural Network
Published: 2026-06-27
Subjects: Engineering
Extreme precipitation over the Himalayas is often linked to Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) interacting with its unique and complex topography. The topographic complexity and sparse observational data constitute a challenging problem for numerical weather prediction models. We find that the widely used Global Forecast System (GFS) exhibits systematic errors for high magnitude Integrated Vapor Transport [...]
Flexocompression Beam Analogy Applied to the Calculation of Seismogenic Thickness and Cortical Rupture Prediction
Published: 2026-06-27
Subjects: Education, Engineering
This paper presents a deterministic geomechanical model to parameterize the spatial variability of seismogenic thickness (h) in basement thrust faults under flat-slab subduction regimes. We develop a physico-mathematical analogy by transforming the elemental elastic approximation into a variable cross-section Timoshenko beam model subjected to tectonic flexocompression. The governing differential [...]
Quantifying the probability of committed AMOC collapse
Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation AMOC would have catastrophic consequences for societies. We quantify the risk of committed AMOC collapse using large ensembles of Earth system model simulations. Under conservative assumptions of Greenland ice sheet melt, the probability that collapse is already committed is 10%, rising to 80% by 2100 under worst case emissions. [...]
Translation and commentary on Carl Eduard Ney’s (1893/1894) Ueber die Messung des an den Schäften der Bäume herabfliessenden Regenwassers
Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Forest Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Water Resource Management
Stemflow is now recognized as a hydrologically consequential pathway, yet much of twentieth-century forest hydrology treated it as negligible. This paper revisits a counterpoint, a formal exchange regarding stemflow between Government and Forestry Councilor C.E. Ney and Imperial-Royal Trainee Dr. E. Hoppe at the first Congress of the International Union of Forestry Research Stations (Mariabrunn, [...]
Analytical prediction of active-layer thaw and subsidence under seasonal thermal forcing: application to Svalbard permafrost
Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seasonal thaw of the active layer and the resulting ground subsidence strongly influence Arctic hydrology, soil-carbon release, and the stability of northern infrastructure. Lunardini (1987) derived an exact similarity solution for one-dimensional thaw in frozen soil that consolidates as it thaws. Although physically elegant, the solution has remained difficult to use in practice: usable limiting [...]
Automated landslide detection in SAR wrapped interferograms using a geomorphology-constrained YOLO CNN
Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Slow-moving landslides pose significant hazards in mountain environments, requiring improved detection and monitoring capabilities. Traditional mapping is accurate but time-consuming, while multitemporal InSAR approaches are limited by data complexity and velocity constraints. Wrapped dual-pass DInSAR interferograms offer an alternative by preserving deformation signals without phase unwrapping, [...]
Dynamic Line Rating and Residual Congestion: Implications for Storage Sizing and Availability
Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Engineering
Measurement and Tracking of Blowing and Falling Snow Particles Using an Automotive 1550 nm LiDAR
Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Glaciology, Hydrology, Meteorology
The prevalence and affordability of fast-scanning commercially available LiDARs are increasing due to the rapid expansion of the autonomous vehicle industry. These LiDAR units can provide >1 Hz measurements of millions of laser reflections at ranges of hundreds of meters with high precision. In this study we investigate the often overlooked 1550 nm wavelength LiDAR for measurements of airborne [...]
Model Construction and Retrospective Validation of Large Earthquake Prediction
Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Based on the hypothesis that gravity-driven crustal displacement generates earthquakes and facilitates crustal material migration, and following the general law that the velocity of generalized flow in a steady-state system is proportional to the driving force and inversely proportional to the system’s internal resistance, a relationship between the frequency of large earthquakes and crustal [...]
Uniform automated analysis of Sdiff splitting due to lowermost mantle anisotropy: Caveats and curated global dataset
Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic anisotropy, the dependence of seismic wave speeds on the direction of propagation and/or polarization, places crucial constraints on deformation and convective flow in the lowermost mantle (the D″ layer). Shear waves that diffract along the core-mantle boundary (CMB) are ideally suited for probing this region due to their long horizontal ray paths in the lowermost mantle. However, the [...]
Glacier thickness, thermal regime, and subjective uncertainty from ground-penetrating radar of 25 Svalbard glaciers
Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Glacier thickness and thermal regime control glacier dynamics and long-term evolution, but observations are sparse at regional scales. Both can be measured using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which requires manual or automated interpretation. Interpretation often depends on more than signal waveform analysis alone, and this subjectivity has not been thoroughly quantified before. We present 699 [...]
Probabilistic Regional Conditioning of Natural Hazard Loss Models
Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Risk Analysis
Natural hazard risk models underpin decisions from insurance pricing to infrastructure investment, yet their accuracy depends on vulnerability functions rarely calibrated to local conditions. The most accurate vulnerability functions capture regional building characteristics through multi-variable models or large engineering-based loss-function databases, but need detailed asset-level data that [...]
Dust–Cloud Vertical Configurations Influence the Effective Radius of Low-Level Warm Clouds over Marine and Continental Environments
Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Aerosol–cloud interactions remain a major source of uncertainty in climate forcing estimates, partly because cloud responses depend on the location of aerosols relative to clouds; yet for mineral dust, which accounting for about two-thirds of all aerosol mass, the effects of dust–cloud vertical configuration on cloud droplet effective radius remain unclear. Using multi-year observations from the [...]