Preprints
There are 8003 Preprints listed.
A National Screening Framework for Critical Mineral Potential and Heavy Metal Hazard in U.S. Mine Waste
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Natural Resource Economics, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Other Earth Sciences
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Mine Waste Inventory (NMWI) Version 2.0 provides the first comprehensive national database of mine-waste features across the United States, but it does not directly evaluate their critical-mineral potential or environmental hazard. We linked 1,498 tailings, waste-rock, leach, and slag features at 343 sites to nearby public geochemical observations from [...]
How Greenland melts under cloudy and clear skies
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Glaciology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Power and Energy, Systems and Communications
Greenland ice loss has risen sharply since industrialization and will likely contribute 20 cm to sea level rise before 2100. On the highest emissions pathway the ice sheet could melt by the year 3000, submerging coasts by 7.2 meters. Greenland surface melt now dominates cryospheric mass loss. To constrain the driving processes of this melt, here we present high-fidelity surface observations of [...]
Cyclone--Anticyclone Asymmetry Organizes Local Energy Transfers during Mixed Layer Instability
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mixed layer instability (MLI) generates submesoscale fronts, filaments, and eddies, yet how cyclone--anticyclone asymmetry shapes the spatial distribution of energy transfers remains unclear. Ageostrophic convergence during frontal sharpening amplifies cyclonic vorticity, first producing a positively skewed vorticity distribution and later a cyclonically biased flow. We analyze a freely evolving [...]
GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STREAM SEDIMENTS IN PART OF GIDA KWANO CAMPUS, FUT, MINNA (ZUNGERU SHEET 163SE)
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This geochemical study analyzes ten stream sediment samples from the Gidan Kwano area in Minna (Zungeru Sheet 163SE), located in North-Central Nigeria, to evaluate the region's geological history, mineral potential, and environmental characteristics. Geological mapping identified three distinct rock units: granite, granitoid, and diorite. Using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, the study [...]
Multi-temporal Canopy Height Modeling using Deep Learning and Sentinel-2: The Influence of Training Data and Input Feature Representations
Published: 2026-11-05
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geography, Remote Sensing
Precise information on canopy height is crucial to assess biomass and climate-induced structural changes within forests. Canopy height maps derived from optical satellite data can provide valuable wall-to-wall information, but often remain subject to substantial uncertainties. In this study, we systematically investigate the influence of training data and Sentinel-2 feature representations on the [...]
Global news reports reveal the human dimensions of water scarcity
Published: 2026-11-05
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Water scarcity has conventionally been estimated using hydrologic models that quantify pressure on water resources. Yet hydrologic stress does not necessarily translate into water shortages, as human adaptation can buffer physical constraints while infrastructure and institutional failures can create scarcity even where water is abundant. Here, we use large language models to identify news [...]
UpStream: A Modular, Metadata-First Architecture for Environmental Sensing During Intensive Observation Periods
Published: 2026-11-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Campaign-scale environmental sensing produces heterogeneous, high-frequency datasets that strain file- and portal-centric workflows and impede decision support. This paper presents UpStream, an API-first, metadata-supported, modular prototype for campaign-scale environmental sensor data. Co-designed with the SNIFFER air-quality laboratory, UpStream treats campaigns as first-class entities with [...]
Role of Reforestation in Reducing Landslide Risk in Galyat, Pakistan: A Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Temporal Analysis (2011–2025)
Published: 2026-11-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Landslides are among the most common natural hazards in mountainous regions, often resulting in loss of life, damage to infrastructure, and destruction of agricultural land. Forest cover plays an important role in slope stabilization, soil erosion control, and landslide-risk reduction; however, empirical evidence regarding this relationship in specific mountainous landscapes remains limited. This [...]
Simulated heatwave increases CO₂ efflux from unvegetated saltpans and amplifies CH₄ efflux from vegetated saltmarshes
Published: 2026-11-04
Subjects: Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Atmospheric heatwaves are increasing in frequency, intensity and duration under anthropogenic climate change, yet their effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from coastal wetlands remain poorly understood. Coastal wetlands, including saltmarshes and saltpans (also called salt flat and sabkha), are globally significant carbon stores, but their vulnerability to extreme heat has rarely been tested [...]
A domain-specific atomistic model for Earth’s core materials
Published: 2026-11-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Mineral Physics
Understanding Earth’s core requires accurate descriptions of multicomponent iron alloys under extreme conditions. Here, we develop the Earth’s Core Atomistic Model (ECAM) for Fe–Ni–S–Si–O–C–H alloys through sampling with a foundational atomistic model, targeted ab initio simulations, and iterative exploration. A compact dataset selected from nearly half a million configurations is consistently [...]
Geological concept revision during appraisal drilling: a replay of the McLeod VMS deposit, Matagami
Published: 2026-11-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Appraisal drilling is designed around a geological concept, yet discovery records show that such concepts are often partly wrong and revised late. We propose a procedure that updates the geological concept during drilling and quantifies the cost of delayed revision. The concept is written as a lattice of geological elements, each present or absent with a prior weight, so that revision becomes [...]
Development and validation of a field-compatible workflow for molecular diagnostics of microbial water quality
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Microbiology
Molecular diagnostics provide advantages in many areas of water quality analysis compared to cultivation-based methods, yet their implementation remains limited mainly due to reliance on specialized instruments, trained personnel and regulatory barriers. To bridge this gap, we developed and evaluated a rapid and field-compatible workflow for the assessment of microbiological water quality. The [...]
Meteorological associations of hourly PM₂.₅ in Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau: antecedent weather, trend specification and out-of-sample evaluation
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Statistical models that relate PM₂.₅ to meteorology are widely used to separate weather from emission effects, but they are rarely evaluated out of sample in clean, high-altitude cities, and the role of their trend term is seldom examined. This study fitted penalized additive spline models to hourly city-average PM₂.₅ in Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau (about 3,650 m a.s.l.), for 2019–2024 (51,955 valid [...]
The width beyond a static arrest point predicts which static arrests span the fault
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Population models treat a static arrest as the end of the rupture, although some of those arrests span the fault in a fully dynamic calculation. This paper tests whether the static crack itself shows which ones. A static stress-intensity criterion and a fully dynamic rupture were compared on 180 new random stress fields on one 120 km antiplane fault with linear slip weakening. The predictor is [...]
Instantaneous State InSAR: Smoothness Doublet and Ambiguity Resolution
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Engineering
Instantaneous state InSAR (ISI) enables epoch-wise parameterization, estimation and prediction for the dynamic motion of individual scatterers in near real-time displacement monitoring. Yet, it introduces a coupling problem: the state prediction (time-update) and the integer ambiguity resolution of double difference phase (measurement-update) depend on each other in a recursive loop. An [...]