Preprints
There are 7027 Preprints listed.
An adaptive hybrid model for wildfire front forecasting based on cellular automata, multi-agent UAV observations, and binary data assimilation: A case study of the 2021 Dixie Fire
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This study presents a retrospective case-study evaluation of a hybrid framework for daily wildfire-front forecasting during the 2021 Dixie Fire in California, USA. The framework couples a stochastic cellular automaton (CA) with a multi-agent system (MAS) of simulated UAV observations and a lightweight binary data-assimilation scheme. The model uses topography, vegetation, fuel proxies, and [...]
A Petrographic P-Axis as an Independent State Coordinate of Coal Organic Matter: Decoupling of Organic Sulfur and Inorganic Fe–S Subsystems
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study proposes an architectural framework for coal organic matter in which geochemical behavior emerges from the interaction of partially independent subsystems rather than from a single maturity or redox gradient. Using a globally compiled coal dataset, we introduce the P-axis—a petrographic coordinate derived exclusively from the balance between gelified and tissue-preserved vitrinite [...]
Hydrogen and CO₂ Co-Storage in Mature Reservoirs: A New Frontier for the Energy Transition
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Engineering
The shift towards low-carbon energy systems necessitates large-scale strategies for managing carbon dioxide (CO₂) and storing renewable energy. Geological formations beneath the Earth's surface, which have been traditionally utilized in the petroleum sector for extracting hydrocarbons, present considerable potential for energy transition technologies like geological carbon storage (CCS) and [...]
A benchmark deep learning dataset for the classification of supraglacial lake drainage mechanism across the central-west Greenland Ice Sheet
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Supraglacial lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet drain through physically distinct pathways: hydrofracture, moulins, lateral stream routing, and crevasse-fields. Each drainage mechanism carries unique implications for ice sheet dynamics. Existing automated classifications reduce each lake's drainage behavior to a time-series of scalar values representing the observed water surface-area and classify [...]
Resolving the SAI Trilemma with a Novel Core–Shell Mineral Aerosol: DoloSil-20, a Silica-Passivated Dolomite Architecture for Simultaneous Optical Efficiency, Thermal Neutrality, and Ozone Safety
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Conventional stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) strategies based on liquid sulfate aerosols (H2SO4.H2O) introduce well-documented risks of catalytic ozone destruction and stratospheric near-infrared heating. From a materials-science perspective, the core challenge is one of multi-objective material selection: identifying a particle composition that simultaneously optimizes optical performance, [...]
NOVEL & RAPID PROCESSING OF UAS IMAGERY FOR TARGETED CYANOBACTERIAL HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM SAMPLING
Published: 2026-05-28
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are an efficient way to monitor and sample algal biomass including cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs). However, conventional methods to create a UAS orthophoto of homogeneous water surfaces often produce a patchy, smoothed, or spatially inaccurate output. In this study, we developed a novel method to interpolate a spectral index from a central pixel in [...]
Fluid Flow Induced by Seismic Waves in Fractures
Published: 2026-05-28
Subjects: Physics
A theoretical and numerical analysis is presented on the squeezed film of an incompressible fluid between two parallel fracture walls induced by seismic waves at normal incidence. In the frame of small oscillations, a closed form of the fluid pressure changes along with the fracture, and the fluid velocity field distribution is proposed. The developed analytical solutions are valid for any [...]
ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION AND SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF MERCURY AND LEAD OVER THE LAST 150 YEARS IN HIGHLAND PEATLANDS OF SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Published: 2026-05-28
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry
Trace elements like mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) are major global pollutants subject to long-range atmospheric transport, posing a threat for human and environmental health at a global scale. Both have a great affinity with organic matter and show limited mobility in soils under stable environmental conditions. Therefore, peatlands efficiently trap and act as reliable archives of changes in [...]
Lunar Formation by Triple Phase Transition in the Differentiating Proto-Earth
Published: 2026-05-28
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Physics, Planetary Sciences, The Sun and the Solar System
The origin of the Moon remains one of the open questions of planetary science. The canonical giant impact model (Theia collision) predicts neither the near-isotopic identity of Earth and Moon, nor the crustal dichotomy, nor the ≈ 300 Myr delay of the terrestrial dynamo. The synestia model faces the same limitations. This work is conceptually distinct from both: it requires no external impactor, [...]
Development and Evaluation of the High-Resolution MUSICA UK Domain: A Case Study of Global and Regional Biomass Burning Impacts
Published: 2026-05-28
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Regional air quality models provide insights into local pollution and exposure, but limitations in representing large-scale atmospheric processes and long-range transport can introduce inconsistencies across spatial scales, which can be addressed using multi-scale chemical transport models. We develop the first UK-specific regionally refined grid (UKne30×16; ∼7 km), alongside a global uniform [...]
The Largest Mountain Belt of the Last Billion Years: The East African Orogen, its tectono-topographic evolution and global significance.
Published: 2026-05-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Hutton’s Principle of Uniformitarianism suggests that the present is the key to the past, and in the present, Earth’s topography is dominated by the Himalaya. The geological record clearly preserves past mountain ranges, but few have purported to have the effect on Earth’s surface systems (such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and ocean chemistry) that the Himalaya does today. The [...]
Local heat islands and vegetation losses are microclimatic consequences of global data centers
Published: 2026-05-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The explosion in cloud computing and artificial intelligence has driven a rapid expansion of data centers. While the immense energy and water consumption of these facilities is well-documented, their impacts on local microclimates remain largely unexplored. Here, using satellite-derived estimates of land surface temperature and surface greenness, we isolate the microclimate footprint of almost [...]
Downstream patterns in bedrock valley morphology encode climatic and tectonic forcing
Published: 2026-05-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
Fluvially-carved bedrock valleys are ubiquitous landscape features. Vertical incision into underlying bedrock generates valley relief, whereas lateral migration of the river channel widens the valley floor as the river erodes the valley walls. The relative efficacy of these processes, which can be modulated by precipitation and water discharge, sediment supply, lithology, and uplift rates is [...]
Public Understanding of the Atmospheric River Scale
Published: 2026-05-27
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are long, narrow bands of moisture in the atmosphere that transport large amounts of water vapor, producing hazards ranging from heavy rain to high winds once they reach land. In 2019, researchers at the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, with partners including the National Weather Service and the California Department of Water Resources, developed the AR [...]
Rapid quantification of fluorescent micro- and nanoplastics (≤2 μm) in soil
Published: 2026-05-27
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Life Sciences, Soil Science
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) pose an emerging threat to soil ecosystems, with particular concern for small MNP (≤10 µm). Although small fluorescent MNP are widely used to track MNP distribution and transport in aquatic environments and organisms, analyses of small fluorescent MNP in soil remain qualitative. Here, we present the first direct quantification approach for MNP ≤2 μm in soil using [...]