Preprints
There are 7515 Preprints listed.
Structural and dynamical properties of hydrous magmatic liquids at high pressure: insights from Raman spectroscopy observations during diamond anvil cell experiments
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Silicate liquids play a central role in the differentiation and internal dynamics of terrestrial planets by controlling the transport of heat and matter. One of their key properties is viscosity, which can be strongly influenced by pressure. Currently, there is not enough data to develop general models of viscosity at high pressure. Besides, data on the short and medium range order structure of [...]
The long-term persistence of microbial biospheres introduces a temporal bias 1 into the Drake equation: implications for the search for extraterrestrial life
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Life Sciences
The Drake equation was designed to estimate the number of communicative technological civilisations, not the prevalence of life. Its lifetime term therefore describes a detectable technological phase that may represent only a small part of a planet’s biological history. This emphasis introduces a temporal bias when Drake-style reasoning is extended from technological civilisations to life more [...]
Landslide Susceptibility Modelling and Infrastructure Exposure in the Zillertal, Austrian Alps
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Geomorphology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science
Landslides are a major threat in alpine regions, as steep terrain, complex geology and locally concentrated infrastructure increase societal exposure to landslide hazards. This study develops a landslide susceptibility model for the Zillertal (Tyrol, Austria), utilizing a Random Forest modelling approach. A high-resolution landslide susceptibility map was created using seven geomorphometric, [...]
Assessing the Impact of Invasive Trapa natans on Freshwater Microbial Communities in Collins Lake, New York
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Life Sciences
Trapa natans, or water chestnut, is an invasive aquatic plant that disrupts the balance of aquatic ecosystems and upsets the equilibrium of the microbial community it inhabits. This study aims to assess the impacts of water chestnuts on the microbial communities and the overall health of Collins Lake. We hypothesized that the microbial integrity would be different in both the aquatic and benthic [...]
Global limits on CO2 geological storage deployment using a coupled industry growth - pressure constrained model
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Geology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering
Geological storage of CO2 at scale is critical to meeting climate objectives, yet deployment targets often rely on top-down climate pathways that overlook the coupled constraints of subsurface pressure buildup and realistic industry drilling rates. Here we map global limits on CO2 storage deployment using CO2LOGIX 2.0, an improved model coupling subsurface pressure evolution with country-level [...]
The four-vector potential of equatorial shallow water waves from Hamilton’s principle
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Linear shallow water waves on an equatorial β-plane can be represented as the states of a charged particle minimally coupled to a four-vector potential whose analogue magnetic field is uniform and proportional to β/c_g. There the potential is written down and verified rather than derived. We show that it need not be assumed. In the Eulerian variational principle for rotating flow the Coriolis [...]
A particle representation of tropical shallow water waves
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The linearized shallow water equations on a general β-plane reduce to a single meridional structure equation for the meridional velocity. We show that this equation is exactly the Schrödinger equation for a “charged” particle minimally coupled to a four-vector potential whose analogue magnetic field, B_W=-(β/c_g ) x ̂, is uniform and westward. No ad hoc term is required: every term is generated [...]
The Current State of Research on Deformation, Strain, and Velocity across the Alpine-Himalayan Belt Using Transcontinental Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS
Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Research on present-day deformation across the Alpine-Himalayan belt has crossed a methodological threshold. Regional Sentinel-1 studies in Anatolia, Iran, and Tibet have now been joined by the first transcontinental three-dimensional velocity and horizontal strain-rate field, derived from more than 222,000 radar images acquired during 2016-2024 and a belt-wide GNSS compilation. The result [...]
Exploring the Signal Content of Continuous Seismic Recordings at Station NKC (West-Bohemia/Vogtland) With a Self-Supervised Vision Transformer
Published: 2026-08-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Continuous seismic recordings contain a wide variety of signal types (earthquakes, quarry blasts, induced events, and diverse background and anthropogenic noise) but sorting them into meaningful categories usually relies on manual inspection. Here we take an exploratory approach and ask a deliberately simple question: what kinds of signals are actually present in the continuous record of station [...]
The Super El Niño–Polar Vortex Paradox QBO Modulation and a Testable Hypothesis for Winter 2026/27
Published: 2026-08-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The absence of major midwinter sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) during the three strongest El Niño winters in the instrumental record—1982/83, 1997/98, and 2015/16—poses an open question at the high-amplitude end of the canonical ENSO–stratosphere pathway. Motivated by the exceptionally strong El Niño developing in 2026, this study re-examines that relationship using publicly available ONI, [...]
Material demand and supply-chain assessment of U.S. electricity system transitions
Published: 2026-08-30
Subjects: Engineering
Decarbonizing the U.S. electricity sector will require rapid deployment of generation, storage, and transmission infrastructure, increasing demand for materials. We develop an integrated framework that quantifies annual and cumulative material demand from 2027 to 2050 across an ensemble of U.S. electricity futures spanning alternative policy, technology, and economic assumptions. Across the [...]
Upper-Scale Structural Evaluation of the Forearc Weak Suture Zone and the Pacific Plate Interface — An Analysis Based on Precursor Data (No.1778) —
Published: 2026-08-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study reinterprets precursor data (No.1778) published by the Yatsugatake South Base Observatory using the framework of seismology and tectonics, in order to evaluate the upper-scale structural potential of the forearc weak suture zone and the Pacific Plate interface beneath the Kanto Basin. The precursor data are not used for earthquake prediction; instead, they are treated as aggregate [...]
Deep Learning-Based Meteorological Data Downscaling: A Comparative Study with Physics Informed CNN and a Component-Level Ablation Analysis
Published: 2026-08-29
Subjects: Computer Engineering, Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Meteorological statistical downscaling is a critical technique for deriving high-resolution climate information from coarse global reanalysis products. This experiment investigates the application of five representative deep learning architectures for downscaling ERA5 reanalysis 2m temperature fields from 1° to 0.25° spatial resolution (4x upscaling factor) over the China region, spanning the [...]
Climate change has intensified exceptional El Niño events like the 2026/27 forecast
Published: 2026-08-29
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
Extreme El Niño events disrupt weather across much of the globe, with adverse effects on agriculture, fisheries and economic output that persist for several years. Event attribution routinely quantifies the human influence on individual heatwaves, droughts and floods, but its application to the El Niño events that drive many of them has been much more limited. Here we investigate the 2026/27 El [...]
Manufactured vulnerability in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta: engineered drivers and coastal displacement in south-west Bangladesh
Published: 2026-08-29
Subjects: Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Risk Analysis, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Displacement from the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta in south-west Bangladesh is usually attributed to sea-level rise, cyclones and salinity. The evidence assembled here points to a jointly produced process, in which hazards act together with engineered landscape change, governance arrangements and the interval households spend unable to return. Peer-reviewed and grey literature for Khulna, [...]