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Preprints

There are 7521 Preprints listed.

Recurrent High-Resolution Satellite Observations Quantify Facility-Resolved Annual Large-Emitter Methane Emissions in the Permian Basin

Dylan Jervis, Alessandro Ambler, Simon Andersson-Bastable, et al.

Published: 2026-09-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Repeated high-resolution satellite observations can identify large methane emissions from individual oil and gas facilities, but sparse sampling, intermittent emissions, and variable observation conditions complicate the estimation of annual facility-level emissions. We develop an empirical hierarchical Bayesian method to estimate facility-resolved annual large-emitter methane emissions, with [...]

Quantifying Uncertainty in Climate Sensitivity Metrics Using Large Ensemble Observational Datasets

Vikrant Sapkota, Chris E Forest

Published: 2026-09-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Gridded surface temperature observational datasets are an important line of evidence for estimating climate sensitivity metrics. Climate sensitivity metrics are often derived from comparing historical warming in these observations against climate model simulations, an approach that is known to be sensitive to the choice of observational dataset. With observational products now providing large [...]

A coordinated NASA observing system for monitoring the next decade of ice sheet-climate interactions

Peter Washam, Marianna Marquadt, Tasha Snow, et al.

Published: 2026-09-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Sea level rise is a global problem that is currently shrouded in uncertainty. The next decade of NASA research priorities must address key unknowns and monitor ongoing changes in the ice sheet-ocean system in order to improve sea level rise projections and equip government officials to legislate the appropriate policies. This will require a coordinated observing system that combines satellite [...]

Effect of the interfacial continuity on the elastic full-waveform inversion

Ourania Giannopoulou

Published: 2026-09-01
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) routinely assumes welded interfaces between subsurface layers, yet many geological and engineering targets including karst cavities, fractures, and unbonded soil-structure contacts exhibit interfacial slip. We show that this modelling assumption is not merely a geometric detail but introduces a systematic bias in the recovered physical parameters. Using a [...]

The 26 August 2026 Langtang Lirung ice–rock avalanche and its transboundary cascade: a multi-source observational reconstruction in the Bhote Koshi basin

Donghua Xu

Published: 2026-09-01
Subjects: Geomorphology, Glaciology, Hydrology

On 26 August 2026, an ice–rock avalanche detached from the northern flank of Langtang Lirung (7,227 m) in the Nepal Himalaya at about 5,200 m a.s.l., transformed into a debris flow that travelled roughly 22 km in 6–7 minutes, destroyed the Gyirong border port (China) and dammed the river; a flood then propagated a reported ~170 km down the Bhote Koshi–Trishuli–Narayani system into Nepal and [...]

Megathrust Earthquakes Amplify Coastal Wave Hazards in Cascadia Under Rising Sea Levels

Cesar Gavrie Lopez, Claire C Masteller

Published: 2026-09-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, destructive megathrust earthquakes represent a significant coastal hazard. These events generate abrupt, meter-scale coseismic subsidence, instantaneously increasing relative sea level, inundation extent, and the reach of ocean waves. In the coming decades, eustatic sea level rise will continue to shift baseline coastal conditions, with the potential to change [...]

Structural and dynamical properties of hydrous magmatic liquids at high pressure: insights from Raman spectroscopy observations during diamond anvil cell experiments

Lauréna Mourand, Clément Ferraina, Salomé Pannefieu, et al.

Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Silicate liquids play a central role in the differentiation and internal dynamics of terrestrial planets by controlling the transport of heat and matter. One of their key properties is viscosity, which can be strongly influenced by pressure. Currently, there is not enough data to develop general models of viscosity at high pressure. Besides, data on the short and medium range order structure of [...]

The long-term persistence of microbial biospheres introduces a temporal bias 1 into the Drake equation: implications for the search for extraterrestrial life

Dan Roizman, José María Gómez-Gómez, Alexandro Rodriguez-Rojas

Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Life Sciences

The Drake equation was designed to estimate the number of communicative technological civilisations, not the prevalence of life. Its lifetime term therefore describes a detectable technological phase that may represent only a small part of a planet’s biological history. This emphasis introduces a temporal bias when Drake-style reasoning is extended from technological civilisations to life more [...]

Landslide Susceptibility Modelling and Infrastructure Exposure in the Zillertal, Austrian Alps

Anna Lisa Marie Meiffert, Noah Schreiber

Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Geomorphology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science

Landslides are a major threat in alpine regions, as steep terrain, complex geology and locally concentrated infrastructure increase societal exposure to landslide hazards. This study develops a landslide susceptibility model for the Zillertal (Tyrol, Austria), utilizing a Random Forest modelling approach. A high-resolution landslide susceptibility map was created using seven geomorphometric, [...]

Assessing the Impact of Invasive Trapa natans on Freshwater Microbial Communities in Collins Lake, New York

Jacob Riley Mead

Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Life Sciences

Trapa natans, or water chestnut, is an invasive aquatic plant that disrupts the balance of aquatic ecosystems and upsets the equilibrium of the microbial community it inhabits. This study aims to assess the impacts of water chestnuts on the microbial communities and the overall health of Collins Lake. We hypothesized that the microbial integrity would be different in both the aquatic and benthic [...]

Global limits on CO2 geological storage deployment using a coupled industry growth - pressure constrained model

Iain de Jonge-Anderson, Gareth Johnson, Juan Alcalde, et al.

Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Geology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering

Geological storage of CO2 at scale is critical to meeting climate objectives, yet deployment targets often rely on top-down climate pathways that overlook the coupled constraints of subsurface pressure buildup and realistic industry drilling rates. Here we map global limits on CO2 storage deployment using CO2LOGIX 2.0, an improved model coupling subsurface pressure evolution with country-level [...]

The four-vector potential of equatorial shallow water waves from Hamilton’s principle

Pao K Wang

Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Linear shallow water waves on an equatorial β-plane can be represented as the states of a charged particle minimally coupled to a four-vector potential whose analogue magnetic field is uniform and proportional to β/c_g. There the potential is written down and verified rather than derived. We show that it need not be assumed. In the Eulerian variational principle for rotating flow the Coriolis [...]

A particle representation of tropical shallow water waves

Pao K Wang

Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The linearized shallow water equations on a general β-plane reduce to a single meridional structure equation for the meridional velocity. We show that this equation is exactly the Schrödinger equation for a “charged” particle minimally coupled to a four-vector potential whose analogue magnetic field, B_W=-(β/c_g ) x ̂, is uniform and westward. No ad hoc term is required: every term is generated [...]

The Current State of Research on Deformation, Strain, and Velocity across the Alpine-Himalayan Belt Using Transcontinental Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS

MOHIT SHEODE

Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure

Research on present-day deformation across the Alpine-Himalayan belt has crossed a methodological threshold. Regional Sentinel-1 studies in Anatolia, Iran, and Tibet have now been joined by the first transcontinental three-dimensional velocity and horizontal strain-rate field, derived from more than 222,000 radar images acquired during 2016-2024 and a belt-wide GNSS compilation. The result [...]

Exploring the Signal Content of Continuous Seismic Recordings at Station NKC (West-Bohemia/Vogtland) With a Self-Supervised Vision Transformer

Marcel van Laaten, Roman Esefelder

Published: 2026-08-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Continuous seismic recordings contain a wide variety of signal types (earthquakes, quarry blasts, induced events, and diverse background and anthropogenic noise) but sorting them into meaningful categories usually relies on manual inspection. Here we take an exploratory approach and ask a deliberately simple question: what kinds of signals are actually present in the continuous record of station [...]

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