Preprints
There are 8020 Preprints listed.
Inferred vegetation during Australia’s dune whorl formation
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Geomorphology
Australia’s vegetated linear dune crests are oriented in an anticlockwise whorl covering over a third of the continent. The mismatch between its crest orientations and modern sand-flux directions has been interpreted as evidence of a northward wind shift during the Last Glacial Maximum. However, this interpretation implicitly assumes constant vegetation cover via the threshold wind speed for sand [...]
Submesoscale dynamics of dense overflows. Part II: Near-inertial wave trapping and reflection
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Near-inertial waves (NIWs) are energetic at high latitudes, yet their interactions with the strongly baroclinic flows of the dense overflows that ventilate the deep ocean have received little attention. Combining linear ray tracing and spectral analysis with a three-dimensional large-eddy simulation of an idealized dense overflow, we examine how the background flow and potential vorticity (PV) [...]
Submesoscale dynamics of dense overflows. Part I: Potential vorticity fluxes and symmetric instability
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Dense overflows descending from continental shelves are a key component of the global overturning circulation, yet the submesoscale processes that shape their potential vorticity (PV) structure and drive cross-shelf exchange remain poorly understood. This study uses a three-dimensional large-eddy simulation of a dense overflow to examine how surface cooling and the descending gravity current set [...]
A moisture-weighted typical-month selection for environmental exposure screening: design and evaluation of CEY20 at 14 locations
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Climate, Meteorology
Typical-year datasets condense multi-year hourly records into one year for engineering calculations. Established methods were designed for energy and solar applications, whereas moisture and thermal exposure screening needs a typical year that preserves humid-hour statistics. This study presents CEY20, a typical-month selection on the global 0.25° ERA5-Land land grid for 2006–2025. For each point [...]
Permeability anisotropy systematically deflects fluid flow in volcanic media
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Permeability is fundamental in volcanic systems, governing heat and mass transfer across spatial scales and controlling pressurisation of the edifice and conduit. In nature, permeability is rarely isotropic and should be treated as a second-order tensor rather than a scalar. This contribution experimentally demonstrates directional dependence of permeability in transversely isotropic volcanic [...]
Advanced flood hazard zonation, risk profiling and Susceptibility mapping in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria, using a Hybrid GloFAS-NASA DEM-MERIT HAND-socioeconomic vulnerability mapping Approach, validated using Sentinel-1 SAR in the Google Earth Engine computing environment.
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Flood incidents in Abuja, the Federal Capital of Nigeria, are one of the most frequently occurring natural disasters in recent times, which poses significant threat to lives, infrastructure and buildings in Urban and semi-urban districts of the city. Despite significant research effort geared towards flood susceptibility mapping globally, limited success has been achieved in the global south, due [...]
Tracking Progress in General-Purpose VLMs and Agents for Earth Observation
Published: 2026-11-10
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Remote Sensing, Sustainability
The rapid advancement of vision-language models (VLMs) and agent-based workflows is expanding their potential for Earth observation (EO). Existing studies primarily compare models at a single point in time, providing limited insight into how their capabilities evolve across generations. To address this gap, we conduct a longitudinal evaluation of 48 VLMs across successive generations using a [...]
Calibrated probabilistic ET0 forecasting with lightweight deep learning across northern and southern Xinjiang: seven-station evaluation and irrigation implications
Published: 2026-11-10
Subjects: Statistical Models, Water Resource Management
Accurate and calibrated reference evapotranspiration (ET0) forecasts are essential for irri-gation scheduling, yet many ET0 studies report deterministic point forecasts and evaluate only a limited number of forecast origins. This study compared deterministic and proba-bilistic ET0 forecasts at seven NCEI stations in northern and southern Xinjiang, including Kashi, Hotan, Korla and Turpan as [...]
Satellite data for the integrated modelling of Watershed-Coast System morphodynamics in a changing climate: a critical review and a structured framework
Published: 2026-11-10
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Oceanography, Water Resource Management
Watershed-Coast Systems (WACS) integrate the watershed and the coast as a coupled geomorphological entity whose evolution depends on climate, terrestrial, and marine drivers acting at very different scales. Modelling the morphodynamics of WACS in a changing climate is a recognised but uneven endeavour: satellite-data use has matured for inland hydrology and for coastal observation taken in [...]
Do typhoons pull Indonesian smoke into the Pacific? A pre-registered test, and the record 2026 season
Published: 2026-11-09
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Environmental Monitoring, Meteorology
In August to October 2026, during an El Niño with the highest Oceanic Niño Index for those months since 1950 (+2.46 °C), smoke from Indonesian fires spread over the western North Pacific while an active typhoon season was under way. Since 2012, typhoons have been described as drawing Maritime Continent smoke into the monsoon flow and out over the ocean, but this rests on case studies and field [...]
Source Representation and Earthquake-Ocean Coupling in Tsunami Generation by the 2020 Samos Normal-Faulting Earthquake
Published: 2026-11-08
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
The 2020 Mw 7.0 Samos normal-faulting earthquake produced damaging ground shaking and a destructive local tsunami. We construct a three-dimensional kinematic rupture model from a finite-fault inversion and use its shear stress changes to inform two dynamic rupture models. We initialize a non-linear shallow-water tsunami simulation with instantaneous Okada displacement and source one-way linked [...]
What lies beneath: National aboveground carbon stock changes and under-canopy disturbance detection from 3D point clouds
Published: 2026-11-08
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Forest Management, Forest Sciences, Geography, Remote Sensing
Accurate and spatially explicit quantification of forest biomass and carbon stock changes over time is necessary for carbon accounting and verification at different scales. Here, we applied deep learning to full 3D point-cloud data to produce a high-resolution time series of forest attribute maps for Denmark. The maps include predictions for biomass and canopy height with estimated uncertainties, [...]
From Individual Gathers to Source-Composite Inversion in Active MASW: A paired field comparison of 8kg hammer and gun acquisition protocols
Published: 2026-11-08
Subjects: Other Engineering
In multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), the suitability of an active source is evaluated by its ability to generate coherent and continuous surface-wave dispersion over a usable frequency and wavelength range, as these characteristics influence the reliability of mode identification and the attainable depth of investigation. We present a hierarchical paired comparison of hammer and gun [...]
Contrasting terrestrial and marine sources of isoprenoid and branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers in marine sediments
Published: 2026-11-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry, Oceanography
Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are widely used as environmental proxies, yet the sources and environmental significance of the structurally related glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs) in marine sediments remain poorly constrained. We investigated isoprenoid and branched GMGTs in 16 coastal soils, 62 East China Sea surface sediments, five South China Sea sediment cores, [...]
Hearing the heat: a proof-of-concept study of nonlinear sound measures for distinguishing phases of rapid organic decomposition
Published: 2026-11-08
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Dynamic Systems, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Non-linear Dynamics, Physical and Environmental Geography, Soil Science
Acoustic recording can follow decomposition non-destructively, but which acoustic measures carry process information is largely untested. In a proof-of-concept experiment, four nonlinear complexity measures and six conventional ecoacoustic indices were compared in eight octave bands, using 150 recordings from five buckets of one vermicompost-hay batch during one mesophilic heating-cooling cycle. [...]