Preprints
There are 7281 Preprints listed.
Atmospheric Mineral Carbonation and the Case against Ca(OH)₂ Dispersal: A Four-Barrier Feasibility Analysis
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Risk Analysis
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are essential for climate stabilization, yet chemical plausibility does not guarantee practical viability. The atmospheric dispersal of Ca(OH)₂ exemplifies this gap. While the carbonation reaction is permanent and chemically straightforward, its deployment faces four critical barriers: a carbon-positive production cycle, uncontrollable ecological [...]
Mechanical Association between Pressure Wave Propagation Time and Constitutive Parameter Damage in Porous Media: Theoretical Derivation and Sensitivity Analysis
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Engineering Mechanics, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Physics, Soil Science
The propagation time of pressure waves in porous media carries critical information about the constitutive parameters of the medium. This study rigorously derives the mechanical relationship between the lag time of pressure wave and the hydraulic parameters of porous media based on the diffusion wave equation. The lag time is shown to be a direct functional of the hydraulic conductivity and [...]
Plastic more than brittle failure may govern standard propagation saw tests
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Engineering
Understanding standard (1 m) propagation saw test (PST) as an invaluable tool for studying failure of snowpacks has remained elusive. Although fracture mechanics theories are commonly applied for interpreting PSTs, recently performed standard PSTs under controlled conditions of slope angle/loading suggest that such theories cannot adequately explain critical cut length measurements vs. slope [...]
S²AM-Net: Structure-semantic SAM-guided Network for Few-Shot Segmentation in Mining Areas
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Remote Sensing
Precise mining land-cover classification is essential for monitoring environmental degradation and ecological restoration. Few-Shot Segmentation (FSS) offers a promising solution under limited annotations, but it still faces common challenges such as ambiguous foreground features and overfitting to the small support set. Moreover, mining landscapes are characterized by highly detailed structures, [...]
An automatable method for developing preliminary stream crossing designs using lidar and hydraulic modeling in Massachusetts
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Hydraulic Engineering
Upgrading aging and undersized stream crossings (places where culverts and bridges intersect a stream) with replacements designed for aquatic organism passage can improve infrastructure resiliency, geomorphic stability, and maintenance costs. The goal of this work is to develop preliminary culvert designs that convey hydraulic design floods and meet the Massachusetts Stream Crossings Standards [...]
Fluvial response and recovery after the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction revealed through quantitative paleohydrology
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Anthropogenic climate change represents the greatest modern forcing on global river dynamics. Investigating the sensitivity of rivers to past climate in the geological record is thus crucial in understanding future landscapes in a warming world. The Sherwood Sandstone Group, UK, a unit of early-middle Triassic (c. 248-239 Ma) dryland fluvial deposits, records events during and after the [...]
Improving PM2.5 Estimation from Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth Using Boundary Layer Height and Meteorological Variables
Published: 2026-07-15
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate estimation of surface particulate matter (PM2.5) from satellite observations remains challenging because aerosol optical depth (AOD) represents column-integrated aerosol loading and is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions. This study investigates the relationship between satellite-derived AOD, meteorological variables, and surface PM2.5 concentrations over Mumbai, India, [...]
Erosion of Natural Cooling Infrastructure in Southeast Asian Cities: Comparative Land Surface Temperature Effects of Wetland and Paddy Loss in Phnom Penh and Can Tho
Published: 2026-07-15
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Monitoring
Rapid urbanisation across Southeast Asia is displacing two distinct forms of natural cooling infrastructure: urban water bodies and peri-urban paddy fields. The land surface temperature (LST) consequences of each have rarely been quantified using consistent, satellite-based methods, and have never been compared directly within a single study design. This study compares urban wetland loss in Phnom [...]
Glycerolipids track sinking particle sources and remineralization in two ocean basins
Published: 2026-07-15
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry, Oceanography
The biological carbon pump is a major control on ocean carbon storage. On long time scales, changes in the biological carbon pump modulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate. Attenuation in sinking carbon fluxes is derived from a combination of remineralization by bacteria, zooplankton, and fragmentation. However, the importance of these attenuation processes varies spatially and [...]
The tidal-force theory of the Indian summer monsoon
Published: 2026-07-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Science and Mathematics Education
This article elaborates on the theory that both lunar and solar tractive tidal forces generate the wind flows responsible for the ISMR. Monsoon variability shows that the monsoon (ISMR) is not periodic simply on the tropical year or the Gregorian calendar. However, it was observed that the seemingly delayed monsoons of 2004 and 2026 came right on time for the rainy season on the traditional [...]
Applicability of Total Horizontal Potential-Difference Magnitude to 2D Inversion for Dipole-Dipole Array Data in Complex 3D Structures with Strong Resistivity Contrasts
Published: 2026-07-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Complex 3D subsurface structures with strong resistivity contrasts can cause the horizontal electric field to deviate substantially from the survey-line direction. Under such conditions, conventional 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), which relies only on the inline potential-difference component, may yield incomplete inversion results. Although full 3D interpretation using the [...]
On the retreat of lagoon-terminating glaciers: sometimes fresh, sometimes salty
Published: 2026-07-12
Subjects: Geomorphology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coastal lagoon-terminating glaciers flow into water bodies of variable salinity and temperature, shaped by mixing meltwater, ocean water, and ice. They remain understudied yet increasingly important as coastal glacier margins retreat globally. Lagoon salinity influences circulation through interactions with buoyant subglacial discharge. Water temperature, modulated by ocean connectivity and [...]
Storm-source geometry biases mantle transition-zone water estimates from a century-scale geomagnetic archive
Published: 2026-07-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Electromagnetic estimates of water in the mantle transition zone depend on the assumed geometry of storm-time source fields. We audit the effect of that assumption using paired processing chains that differ only by inclusion of a degree-3 zonal source term, together with pre-specified admission gates. The experiment is applied to three separately processed, partially overlapping observatory [...]
Comparing feature maps generated using UNet-like CNN, Transformer, Mamba, and hybrid architectures for general land cover mapping
Published: 2026-07-12
Subjects: Geography
This study compares feature maps produced by semantic segmentation architectures using varying combinations of convolutional neural network (CNN), Transformer, and Mamba selective state space (selective SSM) components with a goal of exploring the following question: does correlation or similarity between the generated data abstractions imply comparable predictive performance? Specifically, [...]
Deep Neural Network-Based Inversion of Turbidites in Confined Basins
Published: 2026-07-11
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Fluid Dynamics, Geology, Sedimentology
Turbidites generated by large earthquakes and other geological events are commonly preserved in small, topographically confined basins along active continental margins. Reconstructing flow conditions from these deposits is essential for assessing past hazards; however, existing inverse models have been validated only for unconfined settings, and their applicability to confined basins remains [...]