Preprints
There are 4713 Preprints listed.
Food trade disruption after global catastrophes
Published: 2024-06-29
Subjects: Agriculture, Human Geography, International and Area Studies, Nature and Society Relations, Other Geography
The global food trade system is resilient to minor disruptions but vulnerable to major ones. Major shocks can arise from global catastrophic risks, such as abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (e.g., nuclear war) or global catastrophic infrastructure loss (e.g., due to severe geomagnetic storms or a global pandemic). We use a network model to examine how these two scenarios could impact global [...]
A Range of Management Strategies for Planted Pine Systems Yields Net Climate Benefits
Published: 2024-06-29
Subjects: Forest Sciences
Managed forests, including plantation systems, play a vital and often underappreciated role in contributing to the global carbon sink and mitigating climate change, and determining the most effective mitigation strategies requires accounting methods that accurately assess the climate effects of forests. We use a dynamic life cycle assessment methodology to compare the climate effects of [...]
Mantle avalanches in a Venus-like stagnant lid planet
Published: 2024-06-28
Subjects: Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Mineral Physics, Planetary Sciences
Stagnant lid planets are characterized by a globe-encircling, conducting lid that is thick and strong, which leads to reduced global surface heat flows. Consequently, the mantles of such planets can have warmer interiors than Earth, and interestingly, a pyrolitic mantle composition under warmer conditions is predicted to have a distinctly different mantle transition zone compared to the [...]
An Initial Approach of Multiple Linear Regression in CO2-water Relative Permeability Prediction for Carbon Storage Projects
Published: 2024-06-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences
This work discusses the feasibility of multiple linear regression in predicting water/CO2 relative permeability using training and testing datasets from two nearby wells, separately, of the Lower Cretaceous Lakota Sandstone, Jurassic Hulett Sandstone, and Pennsylvanian Minnelusa Formation at the Dry Fork Station site. The outcome is promising as the predicted and measured relative permeability [...]
Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Modeling of Geothermal Energy Systems in Deep Mines: Uncertainty Quantification and Design Optimization
Published: 2024-06-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Exploiting geothermal energy using existing deep mining systems streamlines the development of geothermal systems while addressing the cooling needs of deep mines. However, the combined effects of low-temperature and high-pressure injection during geothermal operations adversely impact the stability of deep mine drifts. This makes it crucial to reliably assess the stability of the drifts and [...]
Dynamic Rupture Modeling in a Complex Fault Zone with Distributed and Localized Damage
Published: 2024-06-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Active fault zones have complex structural and geometric features that are expected to affect earthquake nucleation, rupture propagation with shear and volumetric deformation, and arrest. Earthquakes, in turn, dynamically activate co-seismic off-fault damage that may be both distributed and localized, affecting fault zone geometry and rheology, and further influencing post-seismic deformation and [...]
Exploration of Climate Data and Temperature Forecasting using Machine Learning
Published: 2024-06-28
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this short communication, a concept has been presented to model geographical data to predict future temperature of Tabuk, region. Machine learning has been applied to the weather station data to develop a prediction model. The preliminary results are promising and encouraging and are envisaging to further this research towards the determination of unknown temperature rise in the region. This [...]
Win, lose, or draw: evaluating dynamic thermal niches of northeast Pacific groundfish
Published: 2024-06-27
Subjects: Marine Biology
Understanding the dynamic relationship between marine species and their changing environments is critical for ecosystem based management, particularly as coastal ecosystems experience rapid change (e.g., general warming, marine heat waves). In this paper, we present a novel statistical approach to robustly estimate and track the thermal niches of 30 marine fishes along the west coast of North [...]
Regional differences in soil stable isotopes and vibrational features at depth in three California Grasslands
Published: 2024-06-27
Subjects: Life Sciences
There are major gaps in our understanding of how Mediterranean ecosystems will respond to anticipated changes in precipitation. In particular, limited data exists on the response of deep soil carbon dynamics to changes in climate. In this study we wanted to examine carbon and nitrogen dynamics between topsoils and subsoils along a precipitation gradient of California grasslands. We focused on [...]
Increasing precipitation will offset the impact of warming air temperatures on glacier volume loss in the monsoon-influenced Himalaya until 2100 CE
Published: 2024-06-27
Subjects: Glaciology
Himalayan glaciers are projected to shrink by over 50% this century due to rising air temperatures. However, the impact of future precipitation change on glacier evolution remains uncertain. Here we explore these precipitation effects by simulating the future evolution of Khumbu Glacier in the monsoon-influenced Himalaya until 2300 CE. Khumbu Glacier is committed by historical warming to volume [...]
Regionally Developed Giant Sand Injection Complexes in the Northern North Sea
Published: 2024-06-26
Subjects: Education
The Northern North Sea (NNS) is an archetype Giant Injected Sand Province (GISP). Previous studies have documented individual stratigraphically-bound injectite complexes in the North Sea and beyond. Despite two decades of continuous studies, there are still speculations in terms of parent sand identification, visible pathways, fluid source, overpressure generation mechanisms and triggers. This [...]
State-dependency of dynamic and thermodynamic contributions to effective precipitation changes
Published: 2024-06-26
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Reliable projections of the future hydrological cycle are needed for designing adaptation and mitigation measures under global warming. However, uncertainties in the projected sign and magnitude of effective precipitation changes (precipitation minus evaporation, P-E) remain high. Here, we examine the state-dependency of circulation, temperature, and relative humidity contributions to P-E changes [...]
Lidar-based snow monitoring: cable car deployment in the Austrian Alps
Published: 2024-06-26
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Fresh Water Studies, Water Resource Management
Traditional methods for surveying the spatial and temporal distribution of snow are often time-consuming, costly, and potentially hazardous. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach utilizing a newly developed sensor system based on cost-effective industrial lidar sensors. This system is designed to be mounted on cable cars, enabling continuous envi- ronmental scanning during [...]
A space-time simulator for hourly wind and solar energy fields
Published: 2024-06-26
Subjects: Engineering
Spatially distributed renewable energy generation poses unique risks to power systems since the aggregate amount of energy produced in any hour depends on the spatial correlation structure of the sources. Moreover, the spatial correlation structure can vary with the time of day and season and depend on the state of the large-scale climate. These features pose a challenge for resource adequacy [...]
Radiometric dating (40Ar/39Ar and 14C), compositions, and erupted volumes of volcanoes of the Valle de Santiago area (Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, México)
Published: 2024-06-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Valle de Santiago (VS) area is located in the NE sector of the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, within the central part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). Based on geological mapping of a ~2,800 km2 quadrangle, 40Ar/39Ar and radiocarbon dating, morphometry, and whole-rock chemical and petrographic analyses of the volcanic products, we established the stratigraphy and eruptive [...]