Preprints
There are 7615 Preprints listed.
From an everyday device to professional instrumentation. A framework for Portable Geoscience Learning Infrastructure and its illustrative application to ITA ARANDU MS
Published: 2026-09-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology
Geoscience education depends on practices that connect classroom learning with field settings: observing, locating, measuring, recording, comparing evidence, reasoning under uncertainty, and constructing interpretations. Digital fieldwork allows some of these practices to be undertaken with mobile devices, yet digital convenience, instrumental accuracy, and learning are not equivalent. This paper [...]
Thin the heat-trapping blanket of superpollutants and CO2 to slow the rate of warming by half
Published: 2026-09-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences
With the collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) revealed as rate-dependent, it is critical to quickly cut the rate of warming in half, which would require an ambitious combination of fast mitigation of short-lived climate pollutants, CO2 mitigation, and removal of CO2 and other GHGs.
Assessing Challenges for U.S.-Based Polar Early Career Scientists During Science Policy Changes
Published: 2026-09-13
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies, Geography, Glaciology, Hydraulic Engineering, Nature and Society Relations, Other Environmental Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Early-career researchers (ECRs) play a critical role in sustaining polar and cryosphere research in the United States. Since January 2025, changes in U.S. science policy and federal research funding have created substantial uncertainty for researchers, particularly those in the early stages of their careers. To assess the impacts of these changes, we conducted a community-driven survey of [...]
A proxy-based model of glacier thermal characteristics
Published: 2026-09-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This work presents a spatially lumped, computationally efficient model for estimating glacier thermal characteristics at a regional scale. We formulated proxies for the major englacial heat sources (meltwater refreezing and vertical shear strain heating) and heat transport mechanisms (downstream advection and vertical diffusion). We subsequently calculated these proxies for all glaciers in Alaska [...]
Where the green goes: green-network configuration and the super-additive loss of urban biodiversity under polyuncertainty
Published: 2026-09-13
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Climate assessment for cities proceeds one pressure at a time, its uncertainty treated as a sum of separable parts. Compound-event research shows this understates risk when drivers are dependent, and urban ecology that habitat arrangement, not quantity, governs which species persist. These have not been joined, so the contribution of green-infrastructure configuration, as against extent, to [...]
Daily Flood Mapping at 90 m Resolution Through Physically-Constrained CYGNSS–SAR Fusion
Published: 2026-09-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Satellite flood mapping faces a fundamental spatiotemporal trade-off: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions provide high-resolution flood masks but revisit any given location only every 6–12 days, while GNSS Reflectometry observations from the CYGNSS constellation are available daily but at kilometer scale. Neither sensor alone suffices to track flood events evolving over 24–72 hours. We [...]
Assessment of global variations in the velocity–porosity relationship of marine sediments and rocks using the legacy data of scientific ocean drilling programs
Published: 2026-09-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The physical properties of sediments and rocks are routinely measured during scientific ocean drilling programs, as such data enable the recovered materials to be linked to geophysical observations and provide constraints on subseafloor lithology. However, lithological descriptions are not consistently linked to physical properties datasets for older drilling expeditions, thereby limiting global [...]
Multi-annual sub-pixel land cover mapping with TESSERA latent embeddings
Published: 2026-09-11
Subjects: Geography, Remote Sensing
Mapping land cover in highly heterogeneous landscapes is challenging, and classifications have inherent limitations where the spatial resolution of remotely sensed data exceeds the size of small objects. Sub-pixel land cover fraction maps based on medium-resolution optical remote sensing data like Landsat or Sentinel-2 overcome this limitation but are often not consistently available across [...]
Aged commercial imidacloprid formulation alters the thermal, optical, and electrical behavior of aqueous matrices
Published: 2026-09-11
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Environmental persistence of neonicotinoid insecticides is influenced by their long-term stability and interactions with aqueous matrices. In this study, the thermal, optical, and electrical properties of a commercial imidacloprid formulation (Confidor 350 SC) were characterized under environmentally representative conditions. Solutions were prepared using three types of water (Distilled, Rain, [...]
Climate Change and Crop Production in The Gambia: Farmers’ Perceptions, Agricultural Practices, and Adaptation Strategies
Published: 2026-09-11
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Background Climate change threatens crop production, food security, and rural livelihoods, particularly where smallholder farmers depend on rain-fed agriculture. The Gambia is exposed to rising temperatures, rainfall variability, droughts, floods, land degradation, and coastal hazards. This study assessed crop farmers' perceptions of climate change, their agricultural practices and adaptation [...]
From data availability to evidence sufficiency. PIH MS as an auditable framework for diagnosing hydrogeological knowledge gaps in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Published: 2026-09-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources Management and Policy
Groundwater registries can be extensive yet fail to demonstrate the evidence chain required to answer a hydrogeological question. We present PIH MS, an experimental framework that audits a bounded corpus of acquired records and makes knowledge gaps visible without predicting groundwater occurrence. The framework organises 12 evidence layers, nine knowledge dimensions, 39 declared requirement [...]
Reconstructing annual 30 m forest aboveground biomass across Southwest China’s karst region from 1986 to 2024
Published: 2026-09-11
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fine-resolution reconstruction of multi-decadal forest aboveground biomass (AGB) remains challenging in karst landscapes, where steep terrain, fragmented stands, and strong environmental gradients can limit the regional transferability of national and global products. We developed a regionally adapted two-stage framework to reconstruct annual 30 m forest AGB across Southwest China’s karst region [...]
From Equations to Geospatial Foundation models. What comes next for forest prediction?
Published: 2026-09-11
Subjects: Life Sciences
Predicting forest attributes and dynamics has long been a central objective of forestry, yet robust and transferable prediction remains challenging. Forest ecosystems are intrinsically heterogeneous, only partially observable, and shaped by interacting processes operating across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Over the past decades, predictive modelling has expanded across methodological [...]
The explosive engine of the 2022 Hunga submarine eruption
Published: 2026-09-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The 2022 submarine eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, was among the largest volcanic eruptions in the modern era, yet the processes controlling its explosive sequence remain poorly understood. Here we present the first detailed insight into the internal mechanics of an explosive cycle from teleseismic waveforms. Four eruptive episodes repeat an implosion-explosion cycle, separated by a 3-minute [...]
Formation, redistribution, and stabilization of framboidal pyrite in shallowly buried deep-sea sediments
Published: 2026-09-10
Subjects: Sedimentology
Framboidal pyrite is widespread in anoxic marine sediments, but the processes that control the redistribution and preservation of pyrite aggregates after their formation remain poorly constrained. Here, I examine the microfabric and spatial organization of framboidal pyrite in shallowly buried deep-sea sediments from the Sagami Trough and the Sea of Japan using complementary freeze-dried and [...]