Preprints
There are 7919 Preprints listed.
antasena: A Python Library for Nitrox Diving Calculations
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Dynamic Systems, Fluid Dynamics, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography
We present antasena, an open-source Python library for calculations that underlie diving with nitrox, oxygen-nitrogen mixtures richer in oxygen than air. It computes depth limits, equivalent depths, inert-gas uptake, no-decompression limits, staged decompression schedules, central-nervous-system and pulmonary oxygen exposure, real-gas cylinder contents, and partial-pressure blending, and its [...]
Coastal Climate Change Adaptation: A Review of Engineering, Nature-Based, Governance, and Socio-Economic Adaptation Strategies
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability
Adaptation is becoming a key part of climate policies, including the Paris Agreement, for coastal areas, which host a large proportion of the world's population. Coastal areas are prone to intensive urbanization and tourism, which can exacerbate the threats of sea-level rise, storm intensification, erosion, and saltwater intrusion. Existing reviews have examined engineering, ecological, [...]
Energy and environmental impacts of rapid data-center expansion in the United Arab Emirates
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Rapid growth in artificial intelligence (AI) is driving major data-center expansion globally, increasing demand on electric power and water-supply systems. Yet the energy and environmental implications of this growth remain comparatively understudied in hot, water-scarce regions such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where announced developments coincide with high cooling requirements, [...]
Does electricity scaling improve annual water-withdrawal estimates? Evidence from US Meta data centers
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Studies, Water Resource Management
Planners often need to estimate data-center water use before detailed operating data exist, and a common shortcut multiplies electricity use by a historical water intensity. The logic is appealing: computing produces heat, and removing heat often takes water. Yet whether this shortcut beats the simplest alternative, persistence (assuming that each facility withdraws what it withdrew the year [...]
Flood Exposure Assessment of Electrical Substations in Iowa Using Geospatial Service-Area and Influence-Zone Modeling
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geographic Information Sciences
Flooding poses a growing risk to electric substations, yet statewide assessments often fail to connect facility exposure with the spatial context of service territories, communities, built environments, and grid infrastructure. This study develops a data-driven geospatial framework to assess direct and indirect flood impacts on electrical substations across Iowa under 50-, 100-, and 500-year [...]
Incision Sets the Growth Rate of Delta Channel Networks
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
River deltas support large human populations and diverse ecosystems, but many are increasingly threatened by relative sea-level rise and sediment deprivation. Delta growth is widely viewed as a depositional process driven by sediment accumulation. However, the distributary channels that deliver sediment across deltas often extend before major episodes of subaerial land growth. Recent field [...]
Assessing Basin Amplification and Rupture Directivity Effects Using Physics-Based Ground Motion Simulations in Wellington
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Near-surface velocity structure plays a crucial role in modulating ground motion, and, in turn, contributes to seismic risk. However, a complete understanding of the basin effect is limited, owing to the paucity of detailed shallow basin structure, geological structures and near-field seismic sources. In this study, we perform physics-based simulations of ground motions incorporating the [...]
Integrating rapid 3D structural validation into interpretation: forward modelling of the Katnook Graben, Otway Basin
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Structural validation of a prospect is invariably applied after the interpretation is finished, by restoring one or two key lines in 2D or, rarely, by a full 3D restoration that needs finished horizons and a specialist. The authors propose that a simple 3D kinematic forward model, built in minutes using a few explicit structural rules, fully restorable and scaled onto the mapped horizons, is a [...]
Mapping Ghana's Vanishing Tree Cover: Two Decades of Regional Loss and Shifting Deforestation Hotspots (2001-2024)
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ghana has lost a great deal of tree cover since 2000, but it is less clear where the loss is greatest and whether those places have changed over time. This study used satellite records of tree cover loss from 2001 to 2024 and counted the loss in each of Ghana's 16 regions. Only areas that had at least 30% tree canopy in 2000 were included. Out of about 6.97 million hectares of tree cover in 2000, [...]
NepalDTM: A National 8-Metre Bare-Earth Digital Terrain Model of Nepal from Multi-Source Satellite Data Fusion
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
NepalDTM is an open bare-earth elevation model of Nepal stored on an 8 m grid. Where the NASA High Mountain Asia 8 m stereo mosaic has a usable height, that mosaic is the surface. Elsewhere the surface is Copernicus GLO-30. A histogram gradient-boosting model, trained on 6,230,548 ICESat-2 points and 7,035,904 GEDI points, predicts how far the surface sits above the ground and subtracts that [...]
Settling-driven Rayleigh–Taylor instability in a pre-existing turbulent field
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Vertical particle transport controls environmental processes ranging from sediment deposition and the export of organic material and microplastics to the fate of minerals released for carbon dioxide removal. When a particle-laden layer overlies denser water, particles destabilize the interface and descend collectively as convective plumes, far faster than individual settling. Yet this mechanism [...]
Unified Explanation of Long-Period Ground Motion Using the Basin Sloshing Index (BSI): A Dimensionless Analysis of Large-Scale Sloshing Phenomena in Sedimentary Basins
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study introduces a new dimensionless index, the Basin Sloshing Index (BSI), to provide a unified explanation for long-period ground motion and persistent shaking observed in large sedimentary basins. Inspired by fluid sloshing dynamics, BSI is defined using three fundamental parameters—the basin scale L, seismic wavelength λ, and attenuation factor Q —and takes the simplified [...]
AerialStamp: dating aerial orthophotos from visual cues and Sentinel-2 time series
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Other Engineering
Aerial imagery from drones and airplanes is increasingly used as reference data for satellite remote sensing. Linking an orthophoto to the satellite observations of the same time requires its acquisition date. In crowd-sourced aerial archives, this reported acquisition date can be incorrect or incomplete. Yet no method exists to verify or estimate it from the data. Here, we develop AerialStamp, a [...]
On-Fault Parameters and Fault Connectivity Control Synthetic Earthquake Catalogs and 30-Year Rupture Probabilities in RSQSim Simulations of the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The faults in the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area in California have long been known as a source of seismic hazard. This potential for large earthquakes, paired with high population density and economic activity leads to high seismic risk in the Bay Area. In this study we utilize the physics-based earthquake simulator RSQSim to generate synthetic earthquake catalogs for the San Francisco East Bay. [...]
N2O source partitioning and reduction progress quantified with isotopocule datasets – a review of the modelling strategies
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Nitrous oxide (N2O) isotope signatures provide crucial information for partitioning microbial production pathways, including bacterial, fungal, and nitrifier denitrification, chemo-denitrification and nitrification, as well as for estimating the degree of N2O reduction to N2. However, interpreting the three-dimensional isotope data is highly challenging due to numerous production pathways and [...]