Preprints
There are 6452 Preprints listed.
Who holds Brazil’s biodiversity? The pivotal role of private landholders
Published: 2026-01-30
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
The urgency of tackling the biodiversity crisis across the tropics is clear, yet governance structures such as land tenure can act as barriers or enablers for conservation. Here, we focus on Brazil, a megadiverse country that has made major efforts to link deforestation to individual properties through self-reported environmental registries. Yet, how these efforts support biodiversity explicitly, [...]
Applicability of machine learning-based downscaling method to climate change prediction
Published: 2026-01-30
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The precipitation characteristics that cause water-related disasters strongly depend on local factors such as topography. Therefore, high-resolution climate change projection data is needed to accurately assess regional flood disaster risk. Climate models generally have low resolution and are insufficient to reproduce observed precipitation distributions. Downscaling techniques are usually [...]
The debt burden of tropical cyclones and climate change
Published: 2026-01-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Studies, Natural Resource Economics, Sustainability
Addressing climate change, through both mitigation and adaptation, is anticipated to require global investments of more than $6 trillion annually by 2035. However, many countries face significant barriers to accessing the finance needed for these investments, due to low or absent credit ratings, large debt burdens, and high borrowing costs. There is concern that climate change, through its [...]
Compounding effects of hurricanes and marine heat waves in the Gulf of America
Published: 2026-01-29
Subjects: Oceanography
Exposure to extreme events is a primary concern for coastal regions where growing populations and stressed ecosystems are increasingly vulnerable. This study assesses the compounding effects of hurricanes and marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Gulf of America. Using data from 1982 to 2024, we quantify MHWs through metrics of intensity, frequency, duration, and spatial extent, and examine their [...]
Systematic Review of Dissolved Oxygen in Streams and Rivers: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities
Published: 2026-01-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Dissolved oxygen (DO) has been extensively studied in streams and rivers. Despite this breadth of research, the processes governing DO are rarely quantified concurrently with whole-ecosystem measurements. To address this gap, we synthesize 230 empirical studies (1964-2024) to evaluate how, where, and with what methods oxygen exchanges—the processes by which oxygen enters and leaves streams—have [...]
Improving 210Po low level measurements in seawater
Published: 2026-01-28
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Ocean is the largest sink of atmospheric carbon, atmospheric CO2 is synthesized by surface phytoplankton into particle organic carbon (POC) that is exported from the ocean surface to depth, where it can be stored for years. An accurate quantification of downward POC flux is crucial for making reliable predictions of present and future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. A method based on the [...]
Unconformity-related rare earth element mineral potential of Australia
Published: 2026-01-28
Subjects: Geology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Other Earth Sciences
Heavy rare earth elements are critical for the transition to net zero in addition to being key to manufacturing defence technologies. Unconformity-related rare earth element (REE) deposits represent an important source of heavy rare earth elements (HREE), including key elements such as dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb). Given the strategic importance of these critical minerals to the national [...]
Do 3D Dynamic Rupture Models Capture the Variability in Long-Period Velocity Pulses? Insights from the 2023 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
Published: 2026-01-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Capturing ground motion variability, especially in near-fault long-period velocity pulses, is a key challenge for seismic hazard assessment. Empirical methods often rely on simplified assumptions and may not fully capture the non-linear interplay of source, path, and site effects. Physics-based dynamic rupture simulations offer a self-consistent alternative, but their ability to reproduce [...]
Ocean climate variability and travel surveillance data inform understanding of global dengue dynamics
Published: 2026-01-28
Subjects: Public Health
Oceanic-atmospheric interactions significantly influence regional rainfall and vector-borne disease dynamics. Travel-related dengue cases serve as effective sentinels for dengue transmission, yet the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) variability on their occurrence remains under explored. Here we analyzed 2000–2019 GeoSentinel traveler dengue data alongside ERA5 SST and precipitation [...]
3-D Elastic Time-Reverse Imaging of a Linear Void Anomaly
Published: 2026-01-28
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Imaging meter-scale subsurface heterogeneities such as void spaces remains a difficult task for most established near-surface seismic methods. One strategy for addressing this challenge is to isolate and use surface waves backscattered from lateral heterogeneities to identify and characterize the sources of scattered energy. Seismic methods associated with this strategy, though, often require [...]
INTEGRATE - a Python package for fast localized probabilistic inversion using informed priors, applied to EM data
Published: 2026-01-28
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
We present INTEGRATE, a Python package for fast localized probabilistic inversion of geophysical data. The framework provides a general approach for Bayesian inference in localized inverse problems, where the same prior information applies to many independent datasets. INTEGRATE implements an extended rejection sampling algorithm with temperature annealing for efficient posterior sampling. The [...]
Health system resilience in the face of climate change: A policy scoping review of Indonesia
Published: 2026-01-28
Subjects: Public Health
Indonesia has experienced more frequent climate-driven disasters and a rise in climate-sensitive diseases, underscoring the need for stronger climate adaptation strategies in health. This study assessed policies across health and supporting sectors to evaluate their contribution to building a climate-resilient health system (CRHS) and strengthening emergency response capacity. We conducted a [...]
Exploring the compositional variability of magmas erupted at La Soufrière volcano, St Vincent, using chemostratigraphy and new 40Ar/39Ar ages
Published: 2026-01-28
Subjects: Education
The temporal compositional variation of individual volcanic centres is key to understanding magmatic processes in the underlying crust. La Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles, has erupted predominantly basaltic andesite magmas for hundreds of thousands of years. Sampling of the recently exposed crater walls at La Soufrière reveals that sequentially emplaced crater lavas, feeder dykes, [...]
Automating glacier facies classification: pan-European dataset and deep learning baseline
Published: 2026-01-28
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Glaciology
Glacier facies play a critical role in understanding the mass balance of glaciers, offering insights into accumulation and melting processes. Accurate mapping of glacier facies is therefore essential for monitoring glacier response to climate change and informing climate policies. In this study, we present the largest glacier facies dataset ever compiled for Europe, comprising 31 glaciers, 92 [...]
Stadiums as climate-exposed socio-technical infrastructures: a scoping review of fragmented risks and emerging challenges
Published: 2026-01-27
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Studies
Stadiums are among the most climate-sensitive infrastructures in global sport, yet the evidence available to characterise their climate-related risks remains fragmented. Although billions of spectators attend sporting events each year and climate change is recognised as a multiplier of existing hazards, research on stadium environments continues to treat risks separately. Heat is examined through [...]