Preprints
There are 6295 Preprints listed.
Dynamic estuarine Chlorophyll-a estimation-based time series harmonized Landsat- Sentinel images
Published: 2025-12-11
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This research develops a vigorous approach to estimate Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in the dynamic, optically complex waters (or Case 2 water including coastal waters, estuaries and inland water bodies) of Ganh Rai Bay, Vietnam by leveraging time series harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (TM-HLS) imagery. One of the fundamental challenges while conducting this method to compute Chl-a signal [...]
Influence of sea surface temperature patterns and mean warming on past and future Atlantic hurricane activity
Published: 2025-12-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study investigates the relative contributions of large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic processes to multidecadal changes in Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity, spanning the historical record since the late 19th century, and extending to 2100 projections. We employ a framework that decomposes TC counts into precursor disturbances that transition into fully developed storms, applied to [...]
Nanometallogeny: The role of the nano-effect in the enrichment, migration and mineralization of rare element, rare earth element and precious metal deposits
Published: 2025-12-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
geosciences to better understand what is perhaps the most economically important field in geology: the enrichment, migration and deposition of mineral deposits. Ore-bearing fluids and ore particles behave differently at the nano-scale compared to the more familiar macro-scale. Nanometallogenic processes have been used to explain the mechanism in which rare elements with extremely low abundance in [...]
Hidden early clinopyroxene relicts record reactive porous flow in oceanic plutonic series
Published: 2025-12-11
Subjects: Geology
Almost two-thirds of the Earth’s magmatic budget is concentrated at mid-ocean ridges, with 85% of this being emplaced as intrusive rocks. In these systems, now understood to consist mostly of a crystal-dominated igneous medium (mush), melt differentiation at depth is predominantly governed by melt-mush reactions. These reactions have been well described for primitive lithologies (ranging from [...]
Tandem: An Open-Source High-Performance Computing Volumetric Software to Model Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip Across Complex Fault Systems
Published: 2025-12-11
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Simulating sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip (SEAS) on realistic, 3D fault systems remains a computational challenge. Volumetric approaches offer the necessary physical flexibility to handle complex geometries and heterogeneous off-fault media but may incur prohibitively high computational costs when applied to the vast range of spatial and temporal scales inherent to earthquake cycles. [...]
PetThermoTools: a fast, flexible, and accessible Python3 package for performing thermodynamic calculations
Published: 2025-12-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present PetThermoTools - an open-source Python3 tool for performing thermodynamic simulations of mantle and magmatic processes. Thermodynamic modeling forms a central component to many research projects in igneous petrology. However, few studies utilize the full potential of these methods due to the steep learning curve associated with existing code or text-based interfaces (e.g., [...]
A scoping review of spatiotemporal ConvLSTM applications for predicting water balance components
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Engineering
Deep learning is renewing computational hydrology by offering advanced capabilities for modeling complex environmental processes characterized by spatiotemporal variability. Among these approaches, the Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) network has gained considerable attention for its ability to learn spatial and temporal dependencies simultaneously, a feature particularly valuable [...]
Infiltration drives a Heavy–Tailed Distribution of Combined Sewer Overflow Spill Durations
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Environmental Sciences, Hydraulic Engineering
Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) discharge untreated wastewater into natural water bodies during periods of excess sewer flow, posing environmental risks. Using ∼ 4 million CSO spill events recorded by Event Duration Monitors across England (2020–2024), we characterize the statistical distribution of spill durations. We find that while spills exceeding two hours represent only ∼ 10% of events, [...]
Can Artificial Reoxygenation Revitalize Dying Coastal Seas?
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Eutrophication and global warming are key drivers of oxygen loss, also termed deoxygenation, in coastal ecosystems worldwide. Artificial reoxygenation has been put forward as a local or regional solution to increase oxygen concentrations and improve water quality. Three main approaches have been proposed: (1) bubbling with air with the aim to destratify and mix the water column (2) injection of [...]
Oceanic Anoxic Event 3 coincided with peak Caribbean Large Igneous Province volcanism at 88 Ma
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The high-volume, short-lived magma flux associated with the eruption of oceanic large igneous provinces (LIPs) is believed to have triggered Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events, most notably OAE1 (~120–100 Ma) and OAE2 (~94 Ma). In contrast, OAE3 (~88–84 Ma) is considered to have occurred independently of LIP volcanism. Here we present a record of OAE3-related black shale deposition in Costa Rica [...]
Uncertainty in aquatic greenhouse gas flux estimates arises from subjective processing of floating chamber time series
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Accurate quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from aquatic systems is essential for constraining regional and global carbon budgets. Closed floating chambers are widely used to measure carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) fluxes at the water–air interface, yet large uncertainties persist due to subjective processing of chamber time series. In particular, the treatment of non-linear [...]
Multi-Planar Hierarchy in Pan-American Seismic Fractality: A Bayesian Resolution to the Projection Paradox
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
Earthquake catalogs worldwide exhibit an enduring paradox: seismicity appears confined to planar faults (correlation dimension D2≈ 2.0), yet operates within volumetric lithospheric deformation. We resolve this paradox through Bayesian fractal analysis of 50,010 earthquakes across seven Pan-American tectonic regimes (2010–2025), revealing that apparent planarity reflects instrumental projection [...]
Directional Centroid Trajectories Reveal Shifting Fire Activity Across Brazilian Biomes
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Life Sciences
We utilized directional centroid trajectories to examine how Brazil’s fire regimes in natural vegetation and anthropogenic land use have spatially reorganized over the last four decades. Annual area-weighted centroids were derived separately for natural and anthropogenic burned patches from the MapBiomas Fire Collection 4 (1985–2024), and their interannual displacements were quantified using [...]
Seasonal Wind Turbine-Associated Lightning in Central Europe
Published: 2025-12-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We report systematic evidence that cold-season lightning in Central Eu- rope frequently occurs in close proximity to wind turbines. Using Blitzor- tung stroke data (2021–2024), ENTLN data (2023), and electric field mea- surements, we identify a recurring phenomenon - Seasonal Wind Turbine- Associated Lightning (SWAL), characterised by strokes clustering within proximity of wind turbines and [...]
The role of the Hikurangi subduction interface in enabling Kaikōura-like earthquakes: Insights from synthetic earthquake catalogues
Published: 2025-12-09
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
A well-known problem in seismic hazard is the short duration of the historical record relative to the time between large earthquakes. This short record means that not all possible earthquakes have been observed, and that the statistics of earthquake recurrence intervals and magnitudes are poorly constrained. These issues are particularly acute for earthquakes involving multiple faults, such as [...]