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Preprints

There are 7174 Preprints listed.

Translation and commentary on Carl Eduard Ney’s (1893/1894) Ueber die Messung des an den Schäften der Bäume herabfliessenden Regenwassers

John T Van Stan, II

Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Forest Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Water Resource Management

Stemflow is now recognized as a hydrologically consequential pathway, yet much of twentieth-century forest hydrology treated it as negligible. This paper revisits a counterpoint, a formal exchange regarding stemflow between Government and Forestry Councilor C.E. Ney and Imperial-Royal Trainee Dr. E. Hoppe at the first Congress of the International Union of Forestry Research Stations (Mariabrunn, [...]

Analytical prediction of active-layer thaw and subsidence under seasonal thermal forcing: application to Svalbard permafrost

Land Mccormick, Dina Schmidt

Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Seasonal thaw of the active layer and the resulting ground subsidence strongly influence Arctic hydrology, soil-carbon release, and the stability of northern infrastructure. Lunardini (1987) derived an exact similarity solution for one-dimensional thaw in frozen soil that consolidates as it thaws. Although physically elegant, the solution has remained difficult to use in practice: usable limiting [...]

Automated landslide detection in SAR wrapped interferograms using a geomorphology-constrained YOLO CNN

Alessandro Cesare Mondini, Alessandro Simoni, Fabio Bovenga, et al.

Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Slow-moving landslides pose significant hazards in mountain environments, requiring improved detection and monitoring capabilities. Traditional mapping is accurate but time-consuming, while multitemporal InSAR approaches are limited by data complexity and velocity constraints. Wrapped dual-pass DInSAR interferograms offer an alternative by preserving deformation signals without phase unwrapping, [...]

Dynamic Line Rating and Residual Congestion: Implications for Storage Sizing and Availability

Prashant Pant, Thomas Hamacher, Reinaldo Tonkoski Jr.

Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Engineering

Measurement and Tracking of Blowing and Falling Snow Particles Using an Automotive 1550 nm LiDAR

Nikolas Olson Aksamit, Masaki Nemoto, Yoichi Ito

Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Glaciology, Hydrology, Meteorology

The prevalence and affordability of fast-scanning commercially available LiDARs are increasing due to the rapid expansion of the autonomous vehicle industry. These LiDAR units can provide >1 Hz measurements of millions of laser reflections at ranges of hundreds of meters with high precision. In this study we investigate the often overlooked 1550 nm wavelength LiDAR for measurements of airborne [...]

Model Construction and Retrospective Validation of Large Earthquake Prediction

Zhiyong Zhu

Published: 2026-06-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Based on the hypothesis that gravity-driven crustal displacement generates earthquakes and facilitates crustal material migration, and following the general law that the velocity of generalized flow in a steady-state system is proportional to the driving force and inversely proportional to the system’s internal resistance, a relationship between the frequency of large earthquakes and crustal [...]

Uniform automated analysis of Sdiff splitting due to lowermost mantle anisotropy: Caveats and curated global dataset

Alex Sun, Jonathan Wolf, Barbara Romanowicz, et al.

Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Seismic anisotropy, the dependence of seismic wave speeds on the direction of propagation and/or polarization, places crucial constraints on deformation and convective flow in the lowermost mantle (the D″ layer). Shear waves that diffract along the core-mantle boundary (CMB) are ideally suited for probing this region due to their long horizontal ray paths in the lowermost mantle. However, the [...]

Glacier thickness, thermal regime, and subjective uncertainty from ground-penetrating radar of 25 Svalbard glaciers

Erik Schytt Mannerfelt, Ursula Enzenhofer, Satu Innanen, et al.

Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Glacier thickness and thermal regime control glacier dynamics and long-term evolution, but observations are sparse at regional scales. Both can be measured using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which requires manual or automated interpretation. Interpretation often depends on more than signal waveform analysis alone, and this subjectivity has not been thoroughly quantified before. We present 699 [...]

Probabilistic Regional Conditioning of Natural Hazard Loss Models

Dennis Johannes Wagenaar, Maricar Rabonza, Mariano Balbi, et al.

Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Risk Analysis

Natural hazard risk models underpin decisions from insurance pricing to infrastructure investment, yet their accuracy depends on vulnerability functions rarely calibrated to local conditions. The most accurate vulnerability functions capture regional building characteristics through multi-variable models or large engineering-based loss-function databases, but need detailed asset-level data that [...]

Dust–Cloud Vertical Configurations Influence the Effective Radius of Low-Level Warm Clouds over Marine and Continental Environments

Guoqing Gong, Adeyemi A Adebiyi

Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Aerosol–cloud interactions remain a major source of uncertainty in climate forcing estimates, partly because cloud responses depend on the location of aerosols relative to clouds; yet for mineral dust, which accounting for about two-thirds of all aerosol mass, the effects of dust–cloud vertical configuration on cloud droplet effective radius remain unclear. Using multi-year observations from the [...]

Teaching geomedia literacy in school geography: Teachers’ perspectives on students’ interpretive and productive skills

Petteri Muukkonen

Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Education, Educational Methods, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Language and Literacy Education, Other Geography, Science and Mathematics Education, Spatial Science

Maps, diagrams, images, and visualisations are central to how geographical knowledge is learned and communicated in school. Drawing on 20 interviews with Finnish lower and upper secondary geography teachers, this article analyses geomedia literacy as disciplinary literacy through an abductive, theory-informed thematic analysis. Teachers described geomedia as the everyday representational language [...]

Air quality and health impacts of Data Center electricity demand in the United States

Yuang Chen, Shen Wang, Juan Ramon L Senga, et al.

Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Environmental Sciences

The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence is associated with a substantial growth in electricity demand from data centers in the US, yet the resulting air quality and public health impacts remain poorly quantified. Data centers represent large, near-continuous demands that fundamentally alter power system dispatch and emissions. To quantify the ambient air pollution and associated premature [...]

Sediment accumulation, rather than mixing, controls the temporal resolution of the sedimentological record

Niklas Hohmann, Jack Middelburg, Emilia B. Jarochowska

Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Sedimentary particles such as organismal remains carry information on the Earth’s past. As a result of mixing in surface sediments, particles of different ages can be found at the same depth (time-averaging), and particles of identical ages can be found at different stratigraphic positions (stratigraphic disorder). This results in simultaneous stratigraphic and temporal blurring of the recorded [...]

Large-Scale Mapping and Graph-Theoretic Characterization of Arctic Tundra Capillary Networks From Submeter Satellite Imagery

Michael Pimenta, Chandi Witharana, Amal Perera, et al.

Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Abstract— Tundra capillary networks (TCNs) are visible surface-drainage features associated with ice-wedge polygon terrain that can influence lateral surface-water redistribution across Arctic landscapes. However, TCN systems remain poorly characterized at regional scales because their narrow morphology, variable surface expression, and submeter scale have limited the development of scalable [...]

Where to Watch the Water: Multi-Sensor Network Design Optimization for Inland Flood Detection

Basit Akinwumi Akinade, Amobichukwu Chukwudi Amanambu, Lisa Davis

Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management

Inland flood detection is often constrained less by sensor availability than by where sensors are placed along branching river networks, especially in ungauged headwaters where floods often initiate. We present a three-phase, decisionfocused framework for designing basin-by-basin multi-sensor flood detection networks that coordinate water-level, discharge, and camera sensors while explicitly [...]

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