Preprints
There are 7939 Preprints listed.
Decompression, self-leveling, and wobble decay of bubble rings released by scuba divers
Published: 2026-10-28
Subjects: Dynamic Systems, Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography, Ordinary Differential Equations and Applied Dynamics
Scuba divers blow bubble rings, hollow vortex rings with a gas core that expands as the ring rises because the water pressure drops with every meter of ascent. Classical theory keeps the gas volume fixed and treats only level rings, and the one earlier estimate of the expansion, for a laboratory tank, found it small. Here the ring is modeled as a thin hollow vortex ring with a core that obeys [...]
Forward-testing mineral prospectivity models with discovery dates: Quebec graphite and nickel
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Geology, Mining Engineering
Mineral prospectivity models are usually evaluated with spatial cross-validation, but known occurrences cluster around past exploration, so this may measure performance within the explored footprint rather than the ability to rank later discoveries. We trained seven prospectivity models on graphite and nickel occurrences known in Quebec, Canada, before 2000 and tested how they ranked cells with [...]
Drivers of The Daggers: Backstress-triggered fracture propagation on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, West Antarctica
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The destabilization of ice shelves around Antarctica is not just a sea-level-rise priority, but an opportunity to observe and understand the mechanisms of ice-shelf failure. Recent studies show that ice shelves fail against their pinning points or ridges once sufficiently weakened by thinning and damage---a "backstress-triggered" failure mechanism that is not represented in ice-shelf collapse [...]
The Invisible Depletion: Compound Drought, Groundwater Collapse, and Maladaptation in the Middle East and Southwest Asia
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Engineering, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
The Middle East and Southwest Asia (MESWA) region is experiencing severe hydro-climatic non-stationarity, transitioning from cyclical precipitation deficits and surpluses to a state of structural water bankruptcy. This review synthesizes the compounding atmospheric and anthropogenic drivers of this crisis, highlighting the region’s shift towards a regime defined by frequent, concurrent extremes [...]
Sampling Uncertainty is Critical for Setting Forecast-Based Anticipatory Action Triggers
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Risk Analysis
As of 2022, nearly 5 million smallholder farmers across more than a dozen countries are covered by Anticipatory Action (AA) programs. AA programs are aid schemes triggered when seasonal forecasts of precipitation fall below a locally-determined drought threshold. These thresholds are generally calculated to meet a donor- or government-specified expected trigger frequency. However, the [...]
SCI-DEM: A Method for Generating Digital Beach Surfaces from Tide and Waterline Timeseries
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Oceanography
We present SCI-DEM, a method for deriving Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of intertidal beach surfaces, profiles and beach widths from time-series waterlines using low-cost coastal CCTV cameras and modelled water levels. SCI-DEM builds on two established components: a waterline extraction method built on a semantic segmentation model, and a camera-pose-estimated homography, used to georeference [...]
Laboratory Spectroradiometric Temperature Retrieval of Silicates Using Linearized Wien Approximations and Polynomial Regression
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics
Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing provides critical diagnostic capabilities for surface temperature and spectral emissivity retrieval. However, extracting these parameters from at-target radiance measurements is fundamentally ill-posed because Planck's radiation law non-linearly couples kinetic temperature and spectral emissivity, creating an underdetermined system of N spectral bands with [...]
Seismic Discrimination of Natural and Anthropogenic Events Near Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Distinguishing small earthquakes from anthropogenic seismic sources is important for accurate fault characterization and seismic hazard assessment, yet remains challenging in regions with sparse seismic networks and frequent quarry activities. Around Atlanta, Georgia, only a small number of local natural earthquakes and one operator-confirmed quarry blast in July 2026 are reported in regional [...]
Beyond the SCL: threshold optimization of Cloud Probability and Cloud Score+ for cloud and shadow masking in Sentinel-2 imagery using CloudSEN12
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Remote Sensing
Cloud and cloud shadow contamination remains a major source of uncertainty in Sentinel-2 imagery. The native Scene Classification Layer (SCL) frequently exhibits high omission errors and offers no threshold flexibility, whereas Cloud Probability (CP) and Cloud Score+ (CS+) provide continuous, user-adjustable scores. However, no consensus exists on their optimal thresholds, and their capacity for [...]
Historical distribution of managed honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera) in 18th-century Spain: A standardized dataset (v1: Cáceres)
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Agriculture, Climate, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies, Nature and Society Relations
This data descriptor presents a standardized, geographically harmonized dataset of managed honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies in the current province of Cáceres (Spain) during the mid-18th century (1750–1754). Data was extracted from the Ensenada Cadastre primary manuscript sources. The dataset encompasses 207 Local Administrative Units (LAU) and records a minimum threshold of 165,387 managed [...]
Surface signatures of surge dynamics over six decades at Tweedsmuir Glacier, Saint Elias Mountains, Canada
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The dynamically driven advance and retreat of surge-type glaciers shapes surrounding ecosystems and landscapes differently from non-surging glaciers; however, the diversity in surge behaviour, even among neighbouring glaciers, makes them challenging to predict. Here, we reconstruct the six-decade surge history of Tweedsmuir Glacier in the Saint Elias Mountains, capturing two surge cycles. We use [...]
Geodetic and gravimetric constraints on regional glacier mass changes in High Mountain Asia
Published: 2026-10-27
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Hydrology
Regional glacier assessments often require mass-change estimates over periods that differ from the intervals measured geodetically. We quantify how native cumulative-mass adjustments and within-interval variation contribute to the regional estimates obtained by adding GRACE. A linear joint inversion represents glacier, lake, non-glacier and exterior mass across High Mountain Asia. Geodetic-only, [...]
Scalable and locally mass-conservative simulation of basin-scale variably saturated groundwater flow
Published: 2026-10-26
Subjects: Hydrology
Groundwater is the largest store of liquid fresh water, yet because it is hidden beneath the surface, it is primarily understood through models of porous-media flow. Richards' equation, a physically faithful description of variably saturated groundwater flow, remains costly for basin-scale groundwater modelling. Consequently, operational models use reduced physics, either by assuming linearity or [...]
A global life-cycle inventory database of deforestation area and emissions for agricultural products
Published: 2026-10-26
Subjects: Agriculture, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Other Food Science, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences, Sustainability
Food-system actors are increasingly required to quantify and report the greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture-driven deforestation in their supply chains, yet comprehensive, up-to-date and openly accessible data to support such Scope 3 reporting remain scarce. Here we present a harmonized life-cycle inventory (LCI) database of deforestation area and carbon footprints covering 183 agricultural [...]
Erosion-induced momentum production and system acceleration govern landslide mobility
Published: 2026-10-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geotechnical Engineering, Glaciology, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Erosion can fundamentally alter landslide acceleration through the produced momentum. However, existing analytical landslide velocity models do not account for the energy dissipation associated with erosion-induced system acceleration. Here, I present a novel, complete dynamical velocity model for erosive landslides that incorporates two intrinsically coupled mechanically essential processes: [...]