Preprints
There are 7540 Preprints listed.
Sea-Level Change in Asia since the Last Glacial Maximum
Published: 2026-09-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As a ‘far-field’ area, distal from former ice sheets, Asia is minimally influenced by the glacial isostatic adjustment process. Therefore, Relative sea-level (RSL) data from Asia, recorded by various geological proxies, provide essential constraints on the history of ice-equavilent sea-level changes. The global mean sea-level has risen over 130 m on average since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), [...]
The cost of tree cover loss: quantifying global extinction rates per million hectares
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Life Sciences
Aim: To quantify the relationship between annual tree cover loss and changes in extinction risk across terrestrial vertebrates, expressing responses as both absolute numbers of species associated with each IUCN threat category per million hectares of tree cover loss and relative odds of assignment to higher-risk categories. Location: Global. Time period: Contemporary period. Major taxa: [...]
A tale of two temperature extremes: exploring how exposure to extreme heat or cold affects mental health and wellbeing in the UK
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Background and Objective The UK's climate change vulnerability to extreme temperatures, hotter summers and milder winters, and emerging evidence on climate change and mental health require further empirical research. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between exposure to extreme temperatures and mental health and wellbeing outcomes across the UK. We also examined whether [...]
Bidirectional enhanced quantile gated recurrent unit for short-term forecasting of PM2.5 with emphasis on extreme events in Sri Lanka
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Air quality forecasting is critical for mitigating the health impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This study introduces a hybrid deep learning model, the bidirectional enhanced quantile gated recurrent unit (BEQ-GRU), for short-term forecasting of PM2.5 concentrations with explicit emphasis on extreme pollution occurrences. This model was applied to forecast PM2.5 levels in two high-risk [...]
Forest–Water–Atmosphere Theory: A Multiscale Framework for Management-Induced Coupling in Forested Landscapes
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Hydrology
Recent advances in ecohydrology, land–atmosphere coupling and Earth System Science increasingly recognize the importance of forests for coupled water, energy and climate dynamics. However, the explicit integration of forest management, multiscale hydrological pathways and atmospheric feedbacks remains limited, despite increasing recognition of forests as active biophysical regulators within [...]
Seismoacoustic recovery of the SpaceX CRS-32 Dragon re-entry with a proof-of-concept for automated detection
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Atmospheric re-entries of human-made objects are increasing in frequency, yet detailed information on their trajectory, fragmentation, and debris footprint is rarely made publicly available. This creates an information asymmetry in which regulators, independent agencies, and the scientific community lack the means to verify that re-entries occurred as reported or to characterize their physical [...]
Krasheninnikov eruption facilitated by M8.8 Kamchatka earthquake and hidden critical state
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Large earthquakes can trigger volcanic eruptions, but the required conditions and mechanisms remain uncertain. Here, we investigate whether the August 2025 eruption of Krasheninnikov volcano, Russia, was facilitated by the July 29th, 2025, Mw 8.8 Kamchatka megathrust earthquake. InSAR observations from 2016 to 2025 show no pre-earthquake inflation and satellite SO2 data indicate no detectable [...]
PaddockTS: paddock-level satellite time series analysis of agroecosystem dynamics
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Remote Sensing
PaddockTimeSeries (PaddockTS) is an open-source data analysis pipeline that aligns Earth observation data with agricultural fields, or paddocks—the core land management units where agricultural decisions are made and outcomes such as yield, phenology, productivity, and soil condition are recorded. PaddockTS enables scalable agricultural monitoring and research on how land management and [...]
Estimating CO2 Leakage Fluxes along Legacy Wells Using a Rapid Physics-Based Screening Approach
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Petroleum Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Achieving net-zero targets demands the rapid expansion of CO2 geological storage, but legacy wells in mature petroleum provinces represent a significant containment risk when engineered barriers degrade. At the early assessment stage, storage projects need to rapidly bound plausible leakage magnitudes across large legacy-well inventories when integrity data are sparse; however, suitable modelling [...]
Investigation of Drivers and Sources of Potential Harmful Algal Blooms in Lake Anna, Virginia, 2023–24
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Algal blooms in freshwater reservoirs are an increasing concern because of the risk to aquatic ecosystem health, recreational use, and water quality. Among the taxa that comprise an algal bloom, cyanobacteria are of particular concern due to the potential to produce toxic compounds which can cause acute and chronic illness in humans if ingested through contaminated water or shellfish. When toxins [...]
A Project-based Learning Activity Involving Hybrid Intelligence in the Undergraduate Engineering Class
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Climate, Higher Education, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in academic practice, creating opportunities to support learning and improve educational outcomes. We implemented a project-based learning activity in an undergraduate engineering course in which students used meteorological data to construct a temperature time series and assess local climate change at a selected location from the national [...]
Incomplete coverage of the state of nature across biodiversity credit methodologies: an assessment using the State of Nature metrics framework
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Studies
Biodiversity credits are growing rapidly, yet the proliferation of methodologies has raised concerns about their quality and integrity. Because biodiversity cannot be reduced to a single common unit, methodologies differ in their choice of indicators; previous comparative studies, however, have examined only aggregation levels or taxonomic focus, leaving unaddressed how comprehensively [...]
Unsupervised Clustering for Identifying Dusty Days and Their Sources: A Long-Term Data Study in Sanandaj, Iran
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences
Dust storms are a persistent environmental hazard in the Middle East, yet long-term monitoring remains limited by sparse ground observations and the lack of objective, reproducible event definitions. This study develops a transferable, data-driven framework for objectively identifying dusty days in data-scarce regions and explicitly addresses two key issues: defining dust events using defensible [...]
A cascade, not a flood: testing the competing accounts of the 26 August 2026 Lhende Khola–Bhote Koshi disaster
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
On 26 August 2026 a rock–ice mass detached above the Lhende Khola on the China–Nepal border, blocked the channel, and released a flow that travelled about 100 km down the Bhote Koshi and Trishuli, killing hundreds of people and removing about a tenth of Nepal's generating capacity in a single morning. Reporting produced mutually incompatible accounts of the cause, while the agency best placed to [...]
The Uncertainty Landscape Beyond Variance
Published: 2026-09-02
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Forest Management, Mathematics, Statistics and Probability, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Modern science has become good at measuring uncertainty. Across statistics, artificial intelligence, economics, Earth observation, environmental modelling and decision science, researchers increasingly invoke uncertainty when interpreting evidence, evaluating predictions and supporting decisions. These disciplines often use the word uncertainty to describe conceptually different scientific [...]