Preprints
There are 7907 Preprints listed.
AerialStamp: dating aerial orthophotos from visual cues and Sentinel-2 time series
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Other Engineering
Aerial imagery from drones and airplanes is increasingly used as reference data for satellite remote sensing. Linking an orthophoto to the satellite observations of the same time requires its acquisition date. In crowd-sourced aerial archives, this reported acquisition date can be incorrect or incomplete. Yet no method exists to verify or estimate it from the data. Here, we develop AerialStamp, a [...]
On-Fault Parameters and Fault Connectivity Control Synthetic Earthquake Catalogs and 30-Year Rupture Probabilities in RSQSim Simulations of the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The faults in the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area in California have long been known as a source of seismic hazard. This potential for large earthquakes, paired with high population density and economic activity leads to high seismic risk in the Bay Area. In this study we utilize the physics-based earthquake simulator RSQSim to generate synthetic earthquake catalogs for the San Francisco East Bay. [...]
N2O source partitioning and reduction progress quantified with isotopocule datasets – a review of the modelling strategies
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Nitrous oxide (N2O) isotope signatures provide crucial information for partitioning microbial production pathways, including bacterial, fungal, and nitrifier denitrification, chemo-denitrification and nitrification, as well as for estimating the degree of N2O reduction to N2. However, interpreting the three-dimensional isotope data is highly challenging due to numerous production pathways and [...]
Relationship between Meteorological Parameters and Temporal Variations of Microseismic Processes at the Belarusian Antarctic Research Station
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Meteorology, Oceanography
This study involved an analysis of seismic data acquired in the surrounding area of the Belarusian Antarctic research station “Mount Vechernyaya” in February, 2023 to identify a possible relationship between the seismic noises and local meteorological parameters. Probability density functions of power spectral densities histograms were constructed using the ObsPy framework based on the source [...]
Horizontal Strain Rate estimation from InSAR Observations and the Strapdown Method
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is able to estimate ground-surface displacements, but interpreting deformation mechanisms and infrastructure risk requires analysis of spatial displacement gradients. The recently introduced strapdown method enables three-dimensional displacement velocities to be estimated from InSAR observations alone, including the east and north components [...]
Autogenic initiation of basin-scale salt tectonics
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Salt structures typically form due to the post-depositional flow of salt driven by differential loading, gravity gliding, or shortening, with the internal architecture of the evaporite treated as a passive strain marker. Using ~26,000 km² of 3-D seismic reflection data and 34 wells from the Southern North Sea, we show that the earliest regional deformation of the Southern Permian Basin salt giant [...]
Interior-fold and endpoint transitions in finite-depth capillary-gravity ship wakes
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography
We study how finite water depth changes the principal stern caustics and wave patterns of linear capillary-gravity waves generated by a steadily moving pressure source on an inviscid fluid of uniform depth. Using the dispersion relation and ray directions relative to the source, we determine the conditions for caustic formation. Let H denote the water depth divided by the capillary length. No [...]
Satellite-Based CO and NOx Emission Estimates from South-Central Chilean Plantation Fires
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present top-down CO and NOx emission estimates for a south-central Chilean fire from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. Applying the Cross-Sectional Flux method to CO and the Exponentially Modified Gaussian method to NO2, with uncertainty propagated through 500-member Monte Carlo ensembles, we retrieve a median CO flux of 1,273 kg s⁻¹ (95% CI: 676–1,843 kg s⁻¹) and a median NOx flux of 7,505 g [...]
Reconstructing Significant Wave Height Fields from Sparse Observations Using Virtual Observation Augmentation
Published: 2026-10-23
Subjects: Oceanography
Real-time, high-precision significant wave height (SWH) fields are essential for ocean forecasting, disaster mitigation, and marine applications. However, extremely sparse observational coverage in vast ocean regions limits accurate reconstruction, as traditional spatial interpolation often produces overly smoothed fields that fail to capture fine-scale structures and sharp gradients. This study [...]
Environmental sustainability studies in US hospitals from 2015-2025: A scoping review of geographic and clinical trends
Published: 2026-10-22
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
The healthcare sector is responsible for an estimated 8% of the United States’(US) total greenhouse gas emissions, and the US is one of the largest global carbon emitters, responsible for an estimated quarter of all global healthcare emissions. The primary objectives of this scoping review are to understand geographic, medical specialty, pre/post-pandemic publishing trends, and major research [...]
Species distribution modelling of three Aacia species in the Negev Desert: predicting future range shifts and identifying climatic drivers
Published: 2026-10-22
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Climate change is intensifying aridity across desert regions, causing ecological stress and threatening the stability of arid ecosystems. As keystone species are central to ecosystem functioning, predicting shifts in their distribution can provide important insight into broader ecological change. In the Negev Desert, Acacia populations have experienced widespread declines attributed to reduced [...]
Pedogenic magnetic enhancement in a Latossolo Vermelho (Oxisol) formed on slate in the Brazilian Cerrado: an integrated record of repeated wetting–drying cycles
Published: 2026-10-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seasonal wetting–drying cycles in tropical soils can drive redox reactions that control the formation and transformation of ferrimagnetic iron oxides. In the profile-scale case study, we investigated a well-drained, clayey Latossolo Vermelho (Oxisol/ Ferralsol) developed on weakly magnetic slate in the Brazilian Cerrado. The profile was sampled to 190 cm depth in the dry season (July 2023) and at [...]
Observational uncertainty is the primary source of climate uncertainty in impacts projections
Published: 2026-10-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geography
Projections of future climate damages underpin environmental policy and risk management but depend on inherently uncertain climate data. Uncertainty in historical climate observations, used to train impact models and calibrate climate projections to the observed record, is rarely considered. We show this “observational uncertainty” contributes more than the spread across or within global climate [...]
Robust Regional Predictability of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones on Seasonal Timescale
Published: 2026-10-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are intermittent extreme weather events, yet their seasonal occurrence can be constrained by slowly varying climate variability and regional predictability remains poorly understood. Using 44 years of May-initialized ensemble hindcasts, we show robust seasonal predictability of North Atlantic TC track density across two prediction systems with contrasting resolutions: [...]
The Dynamics of Nonlinear Triads of Rossby-Haurwitz and Gravity Shallow Water Waves on the Sphere
Published: 2026-10-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the interplay between nonlinearity and multiple scales is one of the cornerstones of geophysical fluids and climate modelling. Nonlinear interactions between atmospheric waves of disparate scales, from fast inertia-gravity waves to slow planetary-scale Rossby-Haurwitz waves, are central to energy cascades and to low-frequency phenomena. Yet, they remain poorly understood beyond [...]