Preprints
There are 7294 Preprints listed.
The Tarim Mega Impact Event: A Permian (~290 Ma) Mega-Impact Triggering Global Magmatism, the Artinskian Warming Event, and the Central Asian Arc-LIP Belt
Published: 2026-07-20
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geographic Information Sciences, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
We propose that an oblique mega-impact by a ferronickel asteroid (~180×100×90 km, 22 km/s, incidence angle 24°) that occurred at ~290 Ma in the present-day Tarim Basin can, through the "thin-target penetration" mechanism, attempt to unify within a single physical framework: (1) the Tarim Large Igneous Province (TLIP) flood basalts; (2) the Pamir–Iran–Turkey arcuate mafic–ultramafic magmatic belt; [...]
Thermal Dynamics of Peri-Urban Landscapes: A Paired Spatial Analysis of Brick Kilns and Bare Soil in León, Guanajuato
Published: 2026-07-20
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences
Urban expansion and industrial activities in peri-urban environments modify land cover and influence surface thermal patterns. This study examines the thermal behavior of artisanal brick kilns in León, Guanajuato, Mexico, using a paired spatial approach designed to distinguish the contribution of kiln activity from that of the surrounding landscape. Landsat 8 Collection 2 Level-2 imagery acquired [...]
Azimuthal Anisotropy and Lateral Velocity Gradient Beneath Australia From Teleseismic P-wave Polarization Anomalies
Published: 2026-07-18
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Teleseismic P-wave polarization anomalies provide useful constraints on lateral heterogeneity and anisotropic structure beneath seismic stations, but their application to continental-scale structures has remained limited. Here, we analyze long-period teleseismic P-wave polarization anomalies recorded at permanent and temporary seismic stations across Australia. We apply a harmonic analysis to the [...]
Magmatic Fertility Indicators of the Chagai Arc: A Systematic Review of Published Whole-Rock Geochemistry and Implications for Porphyry Cu–Au Prospectivity
Published: 2026-07-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The porphyry copper–gold (Cu–Au) deposits of the world are the primary source for copper and are significant producers of gold and molybdenum, and the genesis is always linked to the geochemical characteristics of the arc magmas from which the deposits crystallised. The Chagai Arc of western Pakistan is a Neotethyan subduction-related magmatic belt with several significant porphyry prospects, [...]
Cloud-Free Imaging Probability Forecasting for Optical Earth-Observation Tasking over Yerevan, Armenia
Published: 2026-07-18
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Remote Sensing
Optical Earth-observation satellites such as Sentinel-2 cannot see through cloud, so a tasking attempt over a cloudy target wastes a limited imaging window along with onboard power and downlink bandwidth. We study whether next-day cloud conditions over Yerevan, Armenia can be forecast accurately enough to automate the binary Go/No-Go tasking decision. Daily cloud-free fractions are derived from [...]
Historical Pattern Effects and Climate Sensitivity Revisited with Novel Constraints on Past Warming Patterns
Published: 2026-07-18
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The historical record (1850–present) can constrain equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) only if we know the patterns of sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea ice concentration (SIC) that shape radiative feedbacks. Feedbacks depend on spatial patterns of SST and SIC (“pattern effects”), yet the impact of historical SST/SIC uncertainty on feedback estimates has not been systematically quantified. [...]
A technical review on underground hydrogen storage potential in porous media: A dynamic reservoir simulation approach
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As the global demand for energy continues to climb and the urgency for carbon-neutral alternatives grows, hydrogen becomes increasingly prominent as a clean energy source [1], [2]. The research reviewed underground hydrogen storage potentials, discussing the distinction between the working gas and cushion gas that are critical in maintaining pressure and optimal injection conditions. Emphasis on [...]
Ocean-driven reactivation of basal melt and dynamic instability beneath Pine Island Glacier ice shelf since 2018
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Pine Island Glacier (PIG) is Antarctica's largest contributor to sea-level rise and a major source of mass loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Its ice shelf is vulnerable to incursions of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and has experienced rapid grounding-line retreat, flow acceleration, and increased ice discharge since the 1990s. Here, we reconstruct a 20-year record of basal melt rates [...]
A machine learning-based vanadium-in-magnetite-clinopyroxene oxybarometer for constraining oxygen fugacity in mafic–ultramafic intrusion
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Planetary Sciences
Reliable reconstruction of primary magmatic oxygen fugacity (fO2) in plutonic systems remains challenging because existing oxybarometers either require equilibrium melt compositions or preferentially record late-stage oxide equilibration, limiting their ability to constrain primary magmatic redox conditions. Here we develop a machine-learning framework that transfers experimentally calibrated V [...]
The role of neglected and underutilised crops in food and nutrition security under climate change: Insights from South Africa
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Agriculture
Neglected and underutilised crop species (NUS) are increasingly discussed as options to enhance the resilience, diversity and nutritional quality of food systems under climate change. However, their productivity and nutritional contribution remain insufficiently quantified at larger scales, making it unclear to what extent they can contribute to food and nutrition outcomes. In South Africa, we [...]
Accessibility and its many dimensions: why ‘geographical accessibility’ alone is not enough
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Other Geography
In geography, ‘accessibility’ is often used as shorthand for geographical accessibility (distance, travel time, travel cost, and related spatial measures). Yet accessibility carries different established meanings across disciplines, so geographers should name geographical accessibility explicitly when that is what is meant. This discussion paper argues that geographical accessibility is only one [...]
Observing the Non-Optically Active: An Observability Budget for Inferring Stormwater BMP Nitrogen-Removal Performance from Earth Observation
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Environmental Engineering
Some regulatory load-accounting programs credit distributed stormwater best management practices (BMPs) using standardized, type-based nitrogen-removal efficiencies, yet field records show highly variable removal with at most a weak age signal. Earth observation (EO) can map aspects of a practice's physical condition, such as open-water extent and vegetation, and may provide indirect [...]
Joint falsification of gravity, magnetotelluric and surface-wave data resolves a fertile-corridor discriminator: the Al Amar suture, Arabian Shield
Published: 2026-07-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A prospective mineral province is defined by deep structure that is known only from sparse geophysical data, and any one dataset permits several geological interpretations. This paper describes a prototype that converts a geologist's written tectonic history into a falsifiable prior on deep petrophysical structure and asks which measurements separate geologically distinct histories. A language [...]
Atmospheric Mineral Carbonation and the Case against Ca(OH)₂ Dispersal: A Four-Barrier Feasibility Analysis
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Risk Analysis
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are essential for climate stabilization, yet chemical plausibility does not guarantee practical viability. The atmospheric dispersal of Ca(OH)₂ exemplifies this gap. While the carbonation reaction is permanent and chemically straightforward, its deployment faces four critical barriers: a carbon-positive production cycle, uncontrollable ecological [...]
Mechanical Association between Pressure Wave Propagation Time and Constitutive Parameter Damage in Porous Media: Theoretical Derivation and Sensitivity Analysis
Published: 2026-07-16
Subjects: Engineering Mechanics, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Physics, Soil Science
The propagation time of pressure waves in porous media carries critical information about the constitutive parameters of the medium. This study rigorously derives the mechanical relationship between the lag time of pressure wave and the hydraulic parameters of porous media based on the diffusion wave equation. The lag time is shown to be a direct functional of the hydraulic conductivity and [...]