Preprints
There are 6480 Preprints listed.
Diurnal asymmetry in heat stress intensification across Bangladesh, 1985–2024: Accelerated nighttime warming and emerging urban risk
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Risk Analysis
Bangladesh’s rapidly growing cities are becoming hotter, but how heat stress is changing over the day–night cycle has remained unclear. Using 40 years (1985–2024) of hourly Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) data from ERA5-HEAT, we examined long-term changes in physiologically relevant heat stress across Bangladesh and its major cities. Results show a clear day–night imbalance in warming: [...]
Accelerating 3D Magnetotelluric Forward Modelling with Domain Decomposition and Order-Reduction Methods
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Geophysics and Seismology
Three-dimensional (3D) magnetotelluric (MT) forward modelling is computationally demanding, limiting its use in global uncertainty quantification and sampling-based probabilistic inversion. Here, we introduce a novel forward-modelling framework that combines an iterative domain decomposition (DD) formulation with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) reduced-order modelling to enable scalable and [...]
A Vision for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Great Lakes Research and Management
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Databases and Information Systems, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Water Resource Management
The Laurentian Great Lakes are a vital freshwater resource and a regionally significant natural system facing complex, persistent, and compounding challenges from climate change, nutrient loading, and invasive species. The increasing availability of observational data, coupled with advances in computational power and machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods, presents an [...]
A Novel Climatic Threat Framework Linking Biodiversity’s Vulnerability to Administrative Responsibility
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Life Sciences
Biodiversity is cornered by human habitat alteration and eroded by climate change. Protecting it urgently requires efficient allocation of conservation resources to protect vulnerable species and ecosystems. However, conservation decisions are often hindered by fragmented governance and a disconnection between policymakers, funders, managers and scientists. To address this, we propose the [...]
Evidence of a ULVZ near Vanuatu from Sdiff postcursors
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Thin anomalous structures known as ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) have been found on the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and have extreme velocity reductions. These features are detected due to their effect on seismic waves that travel through them, typically producing precursors or postcursors. In this study we use postcursors to shear core-diffracted waves (Sdiff+) that sample the CMB near Vanuatu [...]
Can We Evaluate the Effectiveness of Diverting Agent Only by Hydraulic Fracturing Pressure Signals
Published: 2026-02-05
Subjects: Mining Engineering
In conventional wisdom, the effectiveness of using diverting agent during hydraulic fracturing can be assessed by monitoring pressure, by assuming that successful plugging perforations of larger hydraulic fractures will lead to a jump in treatment pressure, thus diverting injection fluid to other perforations. This study aims to demystify the concept of evaluating the effectiveness of diverter [...]
Mangrove Forest loss and Future Risk Analysis for Southeast Asia using Satellite-derived data and Machine learning
Published: 2026-02-05
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Mangrove forests are a critical part of our ecosystem, which works continuously to fight the carbon footprint, coastal erosion and provides support for biodiversity. However, these forests are encountering notable loss across tropical areas. To save these diverse ecosystem it is important to identify the mangrove loss factors and future risk zones. In this study, I have worked on a multi-country [...]
Systematic Evaluation of the Influence of Camera Placement and Settings on the Quality of Photogrammetric Models of Rocks
Published: 2026-02-05
Subjects: Geology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Other Computer Sciences, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Despite the widespread adoption of photogrammetry across diverse disciplines, the relative influences of image acquisition parameters on the quality of photogrammetric models are seldom quantitatively understood. To address this, we conducted experiments under controlled lighting conditions, camera positions, and camera settings and evaluated the quality of the resultant models using both a [...]
Weather types and rainfall variability during the Northeast Monsoon over Malaysia
Published: 2026-02-05
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Malaysia frequently experiences extreme rainfall throughout the Northeast Monsoon season. However, the connection between extreme rainfall and distinct monsoonal synoptic circulations remains to be fully investigated. This study aims to identify the dominant synoptic circulation patterns and the associated extreme precipitation using weather type classification method. K-means algorithm was [...]
A metadata schema for documenting material samples from multiple domains
Published: 2026-02-04
Subjects: Biodiversity, Databases and Information Systems, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Library and Information Science
This paper documents a metadata schema, implementation, and associated vocabularies developed for the Internet of Samples (iSamples) project to integrate geoscience, archaeology/anthropology, biology and genomics sample descriptions in a single cross-domain catalog. To develop the sample description scheme for sample discovery across these disparate domains, we reviewed the metadata schema and [...]
Elevated in-situ Vp/Vs preceding hydraulic-fracturing-induced earthquakes
Published: 2026-02-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Effective management of seismic hazard in geo-energy development demands real-time estimates of subsurface fault instability. However, real-time monitoring of pore pressure change during subsurface fluid injection remains challenging. Here, we present a novel high-resolution, non-tomographic monitoring strategy that tracks the ratio of seismic wave speeds (Vp/Vs) as a proxy for pore pressure [...]
Widespread reliance of rainfed crops on upwind irrigated agriculture in India
Published: 2026-02-03
Subjects: Agriculture, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Hydrology, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Rainfed crops account for approximately 40% of India’s food production and support 60% of its livestock. Although linked to oceanic monsoon rainfall, their productivity also depends on terrestrial evaporation, particularly in the non-monsoon season. However, the degree to which rainfed crops also rely on moisture sourced from upwind irrigated areas, remains largely unknown. Using a combination of [...]
ZDR Column Behavior in Real and Simulated X-band Radar Observations of Potentially Tornadic Storms
Published: 2026-02-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The primary objective of this research is to characterize distinct differential reflectivity (ZDR) column behavior with respect to height, intensity, and aerial coverage prior to tornadogenesis (failure) in X-band radar observations of supercells. ZDR observations of three supercells observed at high spatiotemporal resolution with X-band polarimetric radar, two tornadic and one nontornadic, are [...]
Energy-Driven Radius Evolution of Chthonian Planets: A Viscoelastic Maxwell Framework with Applications to Earth
Published: 2026-02-03
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Chthonian planets—dense rocky or metallic remnants of gas giants stripped of their gaseous envelopes—experience extreme internal pressures and energy densities, making their structural evolution fundamentally different from classical terrestrial planets. We aim to develop a physically grounded framework to describe energy-driven radius evolution in such bodies and to understand how internal [...]
Global Climate Risks for Outdoor Sports Under CMIP6 Scenarios: A Multi-Indicator Assessment Based on WBGT, Heat Index, Heavy Rainfall, and Heatwaves
Published: 2026-02-03
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Physiology
Outdoor sports are increasingly exposed to climatic conditions that challenge athlete safety, performance and event organisation. Despite extensive physiological and epidemiological evidence on heat stress, no global assessment has yet quantified how multiple climate hazards will jointly constrain outdoor sport under future climate change. Here we provide the first global, CMIP6-based, [...]