Preprints
There are 7168 Preprints listed.
Uniform automated analysis of Sdiff splitting due to lowermost mantle anisotropy: Caveats and curated global dataset
Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic anisotropy, the dependence of seismic wave speeds on the direction of propagation and/or polarization, places crucial constraints on deformation and convective flow in the lowermost mantle (the D″ layer). Shear waves that diffract along the core-mantle boundary (CMB) are ideally suited for probing this region due to their long horizontal ray paths in the lowermost mantle. However, the [...]
Glacier thickness, thermal regime, and subjective uncertainty from ground-penetrating radar of 25 Svalbard glaciers
Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Glacier thickness and thermal regime control glacier dynamics and long-term evolution, but observations are sparse at regional scales. Both can be measured using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which requires manual or automated interpretation. Interpretation often depends on more than signal waveform analysis alone, and this subjectivity has not been thoroughly quantified before. We present 699 [...]
Probabilistic Regional Conditioning of Natural Hazard Loss Models
Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Risk Analysis
Natural hazard risk models underpin decisions from insurance pricing to infrastructure investment, yet their accuracy depends on vulnerability functions rarely calibrated to local conditions. The most accurate vulnerability functions capture regional building characteristics through multi-variable models or large engineering-based loss-function databases, but need detailed asset-level data that [...]
Dust–Cloud Vertical Configurations Influence the Effective Radius of Low-Level Warm Clouds over Marine and Continental Environments
Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Aerosol–cloud interactions remain a major source of uncertainty in climate forcing estimates, partly because cloud responses depend on the location of aerosols relative to clouds; yet for mineral dust, which accounting for about two-thirds of all aerosol mass, the effects of dust–cloud vertical configuration on cloud droplet effective radius remain unclear. Using multi-year observations from the [...]
Teaching geomedia literacy in school geography: Teachers’ perspectives on students’ interpretive and productive skills
Published: 2026-06-25
Subjects: Education, Educational Methods, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Language and Literacy Education, Other Geography, Science and Mathematics Education, Spatial Science
Maps, diagrams, images, and visualisations are central to how geographical knowledge is learned and communicated in school. Drawing on 20 interviews with Finnish lower and upper secondary geography teachers, this article analyses geomedia literacy as disciplinary literacy through an abductive, theory-informed thematic analysis. Teachers described geomedia as the everyday representational language [...]
Air quality and health impacts of Data Center electricity demand in the United States
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence is associated with a substantial growth in electricity demand from data centers in the US, yet the resulting air quality and public health impacts remain poorly quantified. Data centers represent large, near-continuous demands that fundamentally alter power system dispatch and emissions. To quantify the ambient air pollution and associated premature [...]
Sediment accumulation, rather than mixing, controls the temporal resolution of the sedimentological record
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Sedimentary particles such as organismal remains carry information on the Earth’s past. As a result of mixing in surface sediments, particles of different ages can be found at the same depth (time-averaging), and particles of identical ages can be found at different stratigraphic positions (stratigraphic disorder). This results in simultaneous stratigraphic and temporal blurring of the recorded [...]
Large-Scale Mapping and Graph-Theoretic Characterization of Arctic Tundra Capillary Networks From Submeter Satellite Imagery
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract— Tundra capillary networks (TCNs) are visible surface-drainage features associated with ice-wedge polygon terrain that can influence lateral surface-water redistribution across Arctic landscapes. However, TCN systems remain poorly characterized at regional scales because their narrow morphology, variable surface expression, and submeter scale have limited the development of scalable [...]
Where to Watch the Water: Multi-Sensor Network Design Optimization for Inland Flood Detection
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Inland flood detection is often constrained less by sensor availability than by where sensors are placed along branching river networks, especially in ungauged headwaters where floods often initiate. We present a three-phase, decisionfocused framework for designing basin-by-basin multi-sensor flood detection networks that coordinate water-level, discharge, and camera sensors while explicitly [...]
Remote sensing of ammonia point sources at high spatial resolution with satellite-based imaging spectrometers
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring
Ammonia (NH3) emissions play a key role in air pollution and the disruption of the nitrogen cycle. Global emissions of ammonia are expected to increase in the future, making their monitoring essential to better understand their impacts and to support effective environmental policies. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of satellite imaging spectrometers operating in the shortwave [...]
Earthquakes Source Scaling at Subfault Scales
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Establishing scaling laws for large earthquakes remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of methodologies and datasets used to produce finite-fault models. In this study, we analyze source properties for 264 earthquakes using the NEIC finite-fault database, expanding previous efforts by examining rupture behavior over a broader magnitude range and capturing both established scaling trends and [...]
Geospatial Assessment of Current and Future Land Suitability for Peruvian Amylaceous Maize (Zea mays L.) Using Random Forest Modeling
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Agriculture
Climate change poses an increasing threat to crop suitability and food security, particularly for varieties of great cultural and economic importance, such as Peruvian starchy maize (Zea mays L.), whose optimal growing areas remain poorly characterized at the national level. This study presents the first comprehensive geospatial assessment of current and future land suitability for starchy corn [...]
ICP-Base: A free and open-source software solution for centralized LA-ICP-MS data processing, evaluation and management
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Geochemistry, Other Earth Sciences, Speleology, Volcanology
Transient signal intensity data, particularly since the advent of Laser Ablation–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), have become a standard tool in petrology and geochemistry for determining the chemical composition of minerals and fluid and melt inclusions. However, commonly used software for quantifying raw ICP-MS data is often inflexible, expensive, and closed-source, [...]
Creating story lines on floods: relating climate-change uplift to (extreme) experienced and future flooding events
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fluvial flooding remains one of the most significant climate-related hazards worldwide, with its impacts intensified by increasing urbanisation, land-use change, and climate change. We apply the flood-excess volume (FEV) methodology to analyse major recent flood events on the River Aire in Leeds, UK, and specifically to the 2015 Boxing Day and February 2020 floods, as a basis for evaluating the [...]
Detecting Harmful Algal Blooms in the Gulf of Maine using a Hybrid Model
Published: 2026-06-22
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Harmful algal blooms are a growing threat to marine ecosystems, aquaculture, public health and tourism industries. This study quantifies the value of augmenting simulated outputs of a regional hydrodynamic model with satellite data input to detect harmful algal blooms using machine learning model in Gulf of Maine. And evaluates performance using in-situ Imaging FlowCytobot observations spanning [...]