Preprints
There are 7051 Preprints listed.
The three causal pathways of ENSO teleconnections to High Mountain Asia winter precipitation
Published: 2026-06-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High Mountain Asia (HMA), spanning from the Hindu Kush to the Tibetan Plateau, encompasses tropical and subtropical regions highly susceptible to extreme precipitation events and associated hazards. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the dominant external climate modes that influence subseasonal to seasonal precipitation over HMA through various dynamical pathways. We hypothesize three [...]
Time domain full waveform inversion with decomposed Gauss-Newton Hessian
Published: 2026-06-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Full waveform inversion (FWI), a nonlinear data fitting approach for parameter estimation, is generally implemented with local optimization methods. The convergence of the iterations can be slow when the steepest descent direction provided by the negative gradient of the data misfit function is not preconditioned by the inverse full Newton Hessian or its linear approximation, namely the [...]
Direct mapping of plantation forest aboveground biomass change with deep learning and SAR-optical fusion
Published: 2026-06-03
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation
Accurately tracking changes in forest aboveground biomass (ΔAGB) is necessary for understanding global carbon dynamics. Traditional approaches estimate ΔAGB indirectly by differencing two independent biomass predictions, compounding uncertainty and reducing accuracy. Here, we develop a Mixture-of-Experts (MOE) machine learning framework that uses multi-sensor fusion of Sentinel-1 C-band SAR, [...]
Comparing Process-Based and Machine Learning Models for Streamflow Prediction in the Kaligandaki River Basin, Nepal
Published: 2026-06-03
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Reliable daily streamflow prediction is critical for hydropower operations, flood risk management, and irrigation planning in monsoon-dominated Himalayan river basins. While both process-based and machine learning (ML) approaches have been used for such tasks, systematic comparisons that decompose the sources of performance differences remain scarce. This study evaluates seven configurations: a [...]
Gravity–topography regression across Antarctica: implications for isostatic regimes and subglacial crustal structure
Published: 2026-06-03
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
We investigate the relationship between Bouguer disturbance and equivalent topography across Antarctica using satellite gravity data, under the assumption that a linear relationship is expected at long wavelengths for Airy-type isostatic compensation. Equivalent topography ensures consistency across continental, marine, and ice-covered domains by expressing bathymetry and ice loads as [...]
Harmonized global to regional gridded methane inventories in a discrete global grid framework
Published: 2026-06-03
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Existing gridded methane emission inventories vary widely in resolution, sector schemes, formats, and units, hindering cross-comparison, integration with measurements, and use in emerging analytical frameworks, particularly because latitude-longitude grids have non-uniform cell areas that bias comparison and aggregation. Here, we present a harmonized methane emissions dataset that standardizes 13 [...]
Annual electricity access rate dataset for Africa from 2000-2021
Published: 2026-06-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Accurate and spatially explicit electricity access data are essential for electrification planning and policy evaluation in Africa, yet existing data are often survey-based, infrequent, and temporally inconsistent. This study presents a harmonized Electricity Access Rate (EAR) dataset for Africa spanning 2000-2021, derived from satellite-based nighttime luminosity observations and gridded [...]
"A valid mixture of anxiety, despair, rage, grief": Canadian clinician perspectives on climate-related extreme weather impacts and mental health
Published: 2026-06-03
Subjects: Public Health
Climate change has been increasingly recognized as a determinant of mental health, yet limited research has examined how mental health care systems and clinicians are perceiving and responding to the impacts. This study explores the experiences of clinicians supporting people with mental health conditions in relation to climate change and extreme weather events (EWEs). We conducted a [...]
Microplastic deposition controlled by fluvial sedimentary facies in an urban river
Published: 2026-06-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Microplastic particles (MP) are characterised by their irregular shapes, lower density relative to natural grains, often failing at subscribing to sedimentological transport laws under controlled experimental conditions. Mismanagement of plastic waste, including associated environmental and health concerns, underpins the importance of systematic field-based behavioural observations on their [...]
Generation of Orientation-Independent Response Spectrum Matched Records Satisfying Minimum Fourier Amplitude and Power Spectral Density Requirements
Published: 2026-06-02
Subjects: Engineering
The seismic design and assessment of critical infrastructure, particularly within the nuclear industry, relies heavily on acceleration time histories compatible with a Design Response Spectrum (DRS). While current spectral matching algorithms effectively tune ground motions to match a target DRS, this process can inadvertently deplete the signal’s energy at specific frequencies, leading to [...]
Spatially and temporally dense measurements reveal meteorological driver of atmospheric mercury variability
Published: 2026-06-02
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
The environmental fate of mercury (Hg) is determined by its atmospheric processing, yet the relative role of surface fluxes, chemistry, and transport on atmospheric loadings remains poorly understood. We use multiyear gaseous elemental Hg (Hg0) concentration measurements at two rural sites and two urban sites in the northeastern US coordinated by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) [...]
Global Temperature Anomalies in Practice: An Open, Reproducible Framework for Baseline Harmonisation and ENSO-Aware Visualisation
Published: 2026-06-02
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences
We present a reproducible pipeline for downloading, processing, and harmonising global temperature anomaly series from HadCRUT5, GISTEMP, NOAAGlobalTemp, Berkeley Earth, and ERA5. All datasets are aligned to a common 1850-1900 pre-industrial baseline to enable direct comparison. The workflow also integrates the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) to annotate El Niño and La Niña phases in the figures, [...]
EARLY PLIOCENE DRAWDOWN AND EXPANSION OF THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA ICE SHEET IN MARGUERITE BAY
Published: 2026-06-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Glaciology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
The Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) is situated in a rapidly and persistently warming region of Antarctica and its behavior under warmer conditions projected for Earth’s future remains poorly constrained. Interpretations of stratigraphic records of ice-sheet change from periods of warmth in Earth’s past are essential in providing boundary conditions for estimates of future ice loss and its [...]
Mineral stabilization of soil organic sulfur at the continental scale
Published: 2026-06-01
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science
Declining atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition makes S an emerging limiting macronutrient to plants, yet the stability and dynamics of soil organic S - the largest terrestrial S pool supplying plant-available sulfate via mineralization - remain unclear. Across North American soils, mineral-associated organic S (MAOS), a stabilized pool by mineral protection, dominates (61 ± 26% of the total soil S) [...]
Was there an ocean between the North China-Qaidam and Tarim blocks connecting the Mongol-Okhotsk and Paleo-Tethys oceans?
Published: 2026-06-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Tectonics and Structure
The tectonic history of the final amalgamation of Eurasia is puzzling: geological and paleomagnetic data yield contrasting interpretations. Paleomagnetism shows that the North China Block and the Qaidam Basin fragment, migrated northward by several thousand kilometers relative to Eurasia until the latest Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. If true, plate tectonic principles require that a North [...]