Preprints
There are 7978 Preprints listed.
How climate-related events become climate governance problems: climate change attribution divergence as an interpretive mechanism
Published: 2026-11-01
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Climate-related events are often viewed as potential catalysts for policy learning and changes in climate governance. Floods, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires, and other environmental changes can expose vulnerabilities in infrastructure, land-use planning, and emergency preparedness, drawing attention to the need to reassess existing practices. However, events can be associated with different [...]
Lithologic Period Predicts Yttrium Enrichment in Western United States Stream Sediments
Published: 2026-11-01
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability
Screening ground for heavy rare earth prospecting potential at regional scale depends upon archived geochemistry, because favorable intrusive terrain in the western U.S. greatly exceeds what any drilling program could evaluate directly. This research examined whether the lithologic period of intrusive igneous terrain can reliably predict acid-leachable yttrium using only the stream sediment [...]
A sixth-century groundwater manual tested against India's well network: plant indicators and depth claims in Varāhamihira's Bṛhatsaṃhitā
Published: 2026-11-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Dakārgala chapter of Varāhamihira's Bṛhatsaṃhitā (sixth century CE) is one of the oldest detailed manuals for finding groundwater. It names trees, often together with anthills, as signs of water and gives the depth at which water will be found. It is often cited as early hydrological knowledge, but its claims have not been tested systematically. We coded the chapter's plant indicators and 48 [...]
Hydro Stack: Automated geospatial processing workflow for Water Security Planning
Published: 2026-11-01
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geographic Information Sciences, Hydrology, Software Engineering, Water Resource Management
Watershed and micro-watershed delineation underlies a wide range of water security and land management decisions; yet existing global hydrographic products such as HydroSHEDS are static, coarser, and not readily reproducible or adaptable to new regions or scales. We present Hydro Stack, an open-source, end-to-end workflow that automates micro-watershed delineation and hydrological [...]
Station-trained air-quality forecasts without regional emission inventories
Published: 2026-10-31
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Computer Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences
Air-quality forecasts rely on regional chemical transport models (CTMs) and emission inventories, which are uncertain in many regions and costly to update. Here we present SOLACE, whose inner forecast is trained on monitoring-station observations alone and evolves gridded concentration fields through explicit transport, layer exchange, sources and sinks. With 140,000 trained parameters and no [...]
Mapping landslide change and volume with repeat airborne LiDAR after the May 2023 Emilia-Romagna event: slope-dependent detection limits and lowered areas
Published: 2026-10-31
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Remote Sensing
Landslide inventories are validated against repeat topography by comparing the ground that changes beyond a detection limit inside mapped polygons with the same fraction on stable ground. Stable ground is gentler than landslides, and LiDAR noise grows with slope. We measure the consequence for the May 2023 Emilia-Romagna event, Italy, with four pairs of 0.5 m airborne LiDAR on 919 river-corridor [...]
The remote reference as an instrumental variable in model space: time-series magnetotelluric inversion with noisy magnetic fields
Published: 2026-10-31
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Noise in the local magnetic field biases magnetotelluric (MT) responses, and a relevant, valid remote magnetic record removes the bias. For an earth model inverted from time series, remote referencing becomes estimating equations: the residual formed with the local field is orthogonal to the sensitivities driven by its projection on the remote field. Their solution, relevance and validity must be [...]
Conditional reliability of gridded rainfall datasets in Nigeria
Published: 2026-10-31
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Gridded rainfall datasets support Nigerian research and climate services, but published agreement depends on the rainfall property, release and validation design. This critical narrative review audits 18 Nigerian gauge-reference evaluations and two contextual comparator studies. The core register contains five complete-text, five passage-only and eight abstract-only records. An archived [...]
Threshold Sensitivity and Reference Uncertainty in Sentinel-1 Inundation Mapping: The July 2021 Mahad Flood
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is widely used to map flood inundation under cloud cover, but backscatter-based mapping is sensitive to processing choices, and quantitative evaluation depends on reference data that are often unavailable. This paper examines both issues for the July 2021 flood at Mahad, Maharashtra, India. Three Sentinel-1A VV/VH scenes from one descending orbit, acquired on 10 [...]
Climate Risk Intelligence Index (CRII): An AI-Augmented Satellite-Based Climate Vulnerability Assessment Framework for India
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring
Climate change has emerged as a major global challenge affecting environmental sustainability, hydrological stability, urban resilience, and ecosystem health. Conventional climate vulnerability assessment systems primarily rely on static rule-based frameworks and isolated environmental indicators, limiting contextual interpretability and adaptive reasoning across geographically diverse regions. [...]
High-resolution 14C stratigraphy reveals decadal periodicity in stromatolite lamination
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stromatolites constitute amongst the oldest evidence for life on Earth and preserve laminated records throughout most of geological time. However, the timescales represented by their lamination remain poorly constrained. Here, we report the first high-resolution 14C dating combined with Bayesian age-depth modelling for three Holocene stromatolites from contrasting depositional environments. The [...]
Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Atmospheric Pollutants and Dispersion Mechanisms over West Bengal (2019–2024): Insights from Sentinel-5P, GEOS-CHEM, and HYSPLIT Models
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology
This study delivers a thorough spatio-temporal analysis of atmospheric pollutants and their dispersion mechanisms across West Bengal (2019–2024), utilizing an integrated approach of Earth Observation and modeling techniques. We employed satellite data from Sentinel-5P alongside GEOS-Chem box modeling, HYSPLIT trajectory simulations, and AI-enhanced statistical methods to examine trends, identify [...]
Brazil’s climate targets impaired by the potential cessation of the Amazon carbon sink
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies, Forest Sciences, Life Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Sustainability
In accordance with the recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), countries utilize the "managed land" proxy for their national greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories. This implies deducting “passive” carbon removals from countrywide gross GHG emissions. Long-term forest plots indicate that the carbon sink in structurally intact Amazon forest has weakened by [...]
Spatially evaluated statistical reconstruction of Quaternary vegetation with PaleoVeg
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Paleobiology
Statistical vegetation–climate models translate palaeoclimate simulations into vegetation estimates for reconstructing Quaternary environments. We present PaleoVeg, which builds on the probabilistic approach of Shao et al. (2018) using a Random Forest and WorldClim 2.1 bioclimatic variables. It predicts probabilities for 11 vegetation and bare-ground classes and option- ally applies [...]
Advances in UAV-Based Methane Emission Monitoring: Sensors, Sampling Geometry, and Quantification
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are one key platforms for monitoring methane due to their flexible deployment with spatial scales between ground-based sensors and crewed aircraft This review synthesises research on UAV sensing technologies, flight and sampling strategies, quantification methods, and validation practices. It finds that quantitative performance depends on the combined choice of [...]