Preprints
There are 7248 Preprints listed.
Temperature converges, precipitation diverges: a systematic evaluation of three Quaternary paleoclimate reconstructions over the last 800,000 years
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Life Sciences
Aim Spatially explicit paleoclimate reconstructions are widely used in macroecology, biogeography, and archaeology to infer past species ranges, refugia, and biodiversity dynamics. Three products, Oscillayers, Krapp et al. (2021), and PALEO-PGEM-Series, provide global bioclimatic variables across the Quaternary, yet rest on fundamentally different methodological foundations, and their mutual [...]
Toxic Ultrafine to Nanoparticulate Materials in Wildfire Smoke
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Wildfire smoke contains metal-laden ultrafine particles (less than 0.25 µm) systematically overlooked in air quality monitoring, representing a hidden hazard. We show that these ultrafine particles dominate smoke composition, accounting for >60% of particle mass and carrying toxic metals including chromium, nickel, and titanium at sizes down to 5 nm, small enough to penetrate lung barriers and [...]
The Rise of Diamond Open Access Journals in Earth Sciences: Past Developments, Present Tensions, and Future Pathways
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Cosmochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Library and Information Science, Paleontology, Planetary Sciences, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Over roughly the last decade, a visible, community-led Diamond Open Access (OA) ecosystem has emerged in the Earth sciences, not as a departure from tradition, but as the latest expression of a long-standing culture of open, society-supported scholarly communication. While free-to-read, fee-free publishing initiatives have deep roots in the field, predating the Diamond terminology by decades and [...]
LSDetector: An Open-Source Tool Bridging Landslide Detection Models and Practical Deployment through Three-Stage Transfer Learning
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering
Rapid and reusable landslide detection from remote-sensing imagery remains challenging because practical deployment often requires cross-region transfer learning, limited local labels, and reproducible model-to-product workflows. This paper presents LSDetector, an open-source local workbench that bridges advanced landslide detection models and real-world deployment through three-stage transfer [...]
Per-tree leaf area index mapping of Amsterdam’s unrecorded shade canopy
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Engineering, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Most of the trees shading Amsterdam are absent from any municipal record. Using the Dutch national LiDAR survey (AHN5), we derive per-tree Leaf Area Index for nearly 850,000 trees across 243km2. Roughly 62% of the canopy is unrecorded, and these unregistered trees carry a disproportionate share (about two-thirds) of the city’s gross shade, so most of this shade-providing canopy lies outside the [...]
The fossil-water debt of agricultural exports: satellite gravimetry and a climate–yield re-coupling index, demonstrated for Tunisian dates
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Agriculture, Food Science
Fossil groundwater — recharging on geological, not human, timescales — irrigates a growing share of the world's agricultural exports. Drawing it down is capital consumption, not income, yet the depletion embedded in the traded crop is priced nowhere, because the extraction driving it is largely unrecorded. We present a satellite-supported, commodity-level accounting framework that quantifies this [...]
Well-log Analysis of Shale Gas Reservoirs
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Well-logs provide continuous information about rocks and their pore fluid properties. Typical well-logs such as gamma-ray, density, neutron, sonic, and resistivity logs have been traditionally used to estimate shale volume, porosity, lithology, and fluid saturation in conventional oil and gas exploration, where shale formations are treated as hydrocarbon source rock and sandstone and carbonate [...]
Wind farms occupy fire-prone terrain but show no evidence of targeting burnt land: a multi-scale, time-ordered analysis for Greece
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A recurring claim in Greek public discourse holds that wildfires are set to clear land for wind farms, so that turbines end up on previously burnt ground. We test this claim with a design built to avoid the base-rate fallacy of simple overlap statistics, comparing the operational Greek wind fleet against wind-viable land with a spatial case-control model and a time-ordered survival model, on a [...]
Stormwater storage among remnant, degraded and restored urban prairies and wetlands of varying ecological quality
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
In response to increasing intensification of land use and more frequent and severe flooding, urban green spaces and natural areas are being relied upon to provide additional stormwater storage. Natural grasslands and wetlands provide extensive ecosystem services, including stormwater storage. These types of ecosystems were once widespread across the globe, but much of this habitat has been lost [...]
Stable estimates of when global temperature thresholds will be crossed: least-squares fits as the end date of the fitted span is reduced
Published: 2026-07-07
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Reliable estimates of when global mean temperature will exceed the Paris Agreement's 2°C threshold1 are generally derived from emissions scenarios and climate models rather than from the observed temperature record itself. This study investigates whether the observed warming trajectory alone can provide a stable empirical estimate of the crossing date. Least-squares exponential, quadratic and [...]
Flood Risk Management Strategies for Bridgeport, Connecticut: AComparative Analysis of Infrastructure Hardening and Managed Retreat
Published: 2026-07-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study analyzes sea-level rise management options for Bridgeport, Connecticut, comparing infrastructurehardening and managed retreat using a mixed-methods approach that integrates geospatial analysis, policy analysis,and vulnerability assessment. Sea-level rise projections under NOAA scenarios range from 3.3 ft (low emission) to15.1 ft (extreme) by 2100, with the South End and East End [...]
CSUFlow25: Colorado Streamflow Ungaged Prediction Models
Published: 2026-07-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
CSUFlow25 is an updated set of statistical models for predicting streamflow in ungaged basins in Colorado, USA. It builds on the earlier CSUFlow18 models (Eurich et al., 2021) by extending the streamflow record from water years 2001–2018 to 2001–2024, expanding the pool of candidate predictor variables, and increasing the number of streamflow metrics predicted. Models were developed from a [...]
WITHDRAWN: Dynamics of Sea-level Changes in the Red Sea
Published: 2026-07-07
Subjects: Life Sciences
Beyond equilibrium: Multi-method mass-balance monitoring at the vanishing Alpine glacier Stubacher Sonnblickkees, Austria
Published: 2026-07-06
Subjects: Glaciology
Glaciers in the Eastern Alps are approaching extinction, raising the question of how reliably established mass-balance monitoring methods perform on glaciers in severe disequilibrium. We present a multi-year (2018–2025) intercomparison of three independent methods – direct glaciological, semi-direct (accumulation-area-ratio based) and UAV-geodetic – at Stubacher Sonnblickkees (SSK), Austria, [...]
Surface, not exhaust: a multi-sensor satellite test bounds the local thermal footprint of hyperscale data centres
Published: 2026-07-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Whether hyperscale data centres (DCs) warm their surroundings has become a live policy question with directly conflicting answers: a coarse-resolution satellite preprint attributes ~2 °C of land-surface warming to facilities worldwide (Marinoni et al 2026), while peer-reviewed mobile transects near Phoenix measure +0.7-0.9 °C of near-ground air warming within a few hundred metres downwind (Sailor [...]