Preprints
There are 8038 Preprints listed.
From Arctic UAS Reconnaissance to Planetary Rotorcraft Science: An evidence tracking workflow for linking aerial observations with ground investigation at FMARS
Published: 2026-11-12
Subjects: Geomorphology, Other Planetary Sciences
Aerial reconnaissance can place a ground target within its terrain context, but scientific interpretation requires a traceable connection between the image, its processing history, and the field record. This technical case study describes an evidence tracking workflow for imagery associated with the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station on Devon Island, Canada. The available sources include [...]
Irrigation-driven land subsidence on the Barind Tract, northwest Bangladesh: two-track Sentinel-1 InSAR, GNSS-tied time series and spatially cross-validated explainable machine learning
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Education, Engineering
The Barind Tract of northwest Bangladesh is the country’s most intensively groundwater-irrigated region, yet its ground motion has been measured only at isolated points. We processedascendinganddescendingSentinel-1small-baseline InSAR networks for 2017–2025, referenced them to a continuous GNSS station and converted line-of-sight rates to vertical velocity. In the ascending track, co herent land [...]
Activity-based excavation modelling in total Lagrangian SPH with pressure-dependent plasticity
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Geotechnical Engineering, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
We present an activity-based excavation model for underground mining simulations implemented within the total Lagrangian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (TLSPH) framework of SoliDualSPHysics. The model introduces three key features: (1) a smooth cosine-based activity transition that gradually reduces the stiffness, mass, and gravitational loading of excavated particles; (2) a Drucker-Prager [...]
Adjoint measurement and calibration of Manning roughness in E3SM's river dynamical core
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a transient discrete adjoint of RDycore, the river dynamical core of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), and use it to measure how much of a flood model's error its roughness parameter can remove. We differentiate the production solver in place rather than port it to a differentiable-programming framework: one exact, assembled shallow-water Jacobian serves the implicit [...]
Brief communication: An active subglacial lake beneath the upper Institute Ice Stream, West Antarctica, missing from existing inventories
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Glaciology, Hydrology
We report an active subglacial lake beneath the upper Institute Ice Stream, West Antarctica (82.21° S, 68.85° W) absent from published inventories; the nearest catalogued lake is 70 km away. ICESat-2 laser altimetry and stereo elevation models independently record surface uplift of up to 5.9 m between 2012 and 2021 (+0.13 ± 0.03 km3), a fall of 8.7 ± 0.5 m at the centre of a 45 km2 outline [...]
Contrasting rainfall and heat risks to southern African maize during El Niño
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
El Niño poses substantial risks to maize production in southern Africa, but the relative contributions of rainfall deficits and heat, and the opportunities to anticipate these hazards, vary geographically. We combine historical climate–yield analysis across ten southern African countries with verification of forecasts from two models to assess these risks and their predictability. National and [...]
A new approach to the retrieval of Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity from multi-channel instruments: an Optimal Estimation methodology for the ASTER instrument
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
With increasing demand for higher-spatial-resolution land surface temperature (LST) data, there is a need to characterise the thermal land surface in terms of both LST and land surface emissivity (LSE). This paper presents the first optimal estimation retrieval of LST and LSE from high-spatial-resolution, multi-band thermal infrared observations, demonstrated using the five-channel ASTER [...]
Not all marine biogeographic boundaries track temperature in an eastern boundary current
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Biodiversity, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Other Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Marine biogeographic boundaries are often treated as thermal limits that should shift poleward with warming. We tested this along the Pacific coast of California and Baja California with seasonal plankton surveys (CalCOFI, 1951–1969) and hydrography measured at the same stations and, for 1997–2012, by the IMECOCAL program. Three larval fish assemblage boundaries behaved differently. The Point [...]
Projecting Spatiotemporal Shifts in Phenology of Southeast Asian Commodity Crops Through A Simple Growing Degree Day Model For Near and Midterm Climate Change Scenarios
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences
Understanding the impacts of climate change on crop phenology is vital for regional agricultural planning. This is especially pertinent to agricultural regions like Southeast Asia (SEA) dominated by small-holder modes of production. This study projected the Days to Maturity (DTM) trends for key commodity crops across the region over different future emission scenarios. A simple Growing Degree Day [...]
On the Efficiency and Durability of Ocean Iron Fertilization as a Carbon Dioxide Removal Solution
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Ocean iron fertilization (OIF) is thought to be a promising CO2 removal (CDR) methodology that can contribute to net negative carbon emission goals. In principle, adding iron to iron-depleted regions of the ocean enhances ocean productivity and the export of organic matter to depth allowing atmospheric CO2 to invade into the ocean. However, if no carbon is buried on the seafloor, OIF carbon [...]
GEM-15: Global surface and terrain elevation models (15 meters) from sub-meter optical stereo imagery
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Geographic Information Sciences, Geomorphology, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Sustainability
Existing open global digital elevation models (DEMs) are limited to 30 m resolution, blur fine-scale urban and canopy structure, and rely on satellite missions flown between 2000 and 2015. We present Google's Global Elevation Models at 15 m (GEM-15), to our knowledge the first openly available near-global multi-layer elevation dataset at 15 m grid spacing. GEM-15 aggregates native 0.5 m optical [...]
Classifying rock dissolution patterns using reaction persistence length and front velocity
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Hydrology
Acid–rock dissolution in carbonates underpins many natural and engineered subsurface processes. Péclet–Damköhler (Pe–Da) scaling is traditionally used to relate dissolution patterns to reaction kinetics, advection, and diffusion, but it fails to explain contrasting patterns in fluid–rock systems with similar pH. This is because Da does not capture reaction-rate changes along the flow path, and [...]
Drought Intelligence Explorer: a 45-year district-level dataset of ten drought indicators for India and an open analytical platform
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Agriculture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography
Publicly available drought records for India rarely combine sub-national detail, multi-decadal coverage, several indicator families and a documented processing chain in one citable product. Here we present a monthly, district-level dataset of ten drought indicators covering all of India from January 1981 to December 2025, together with the open, browser-based platform that serves it. Four of the [...]
GeoPFN: subsecond geological field reconstruction with constrained uncertainty maps
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Characterising spatially variable geological fields from sparse, noisy measurements remains challenging, particularly where abrupt geological contacts occur between sensors. This study presents GeoPFN, a prior-data fitted network that reconstructs clean hydraulic conductivity and pointwise predictive uncertainty from readings on irregular sensor layouts and a supplied noise level in less than a [...]
Imbibition in 3D porous media is shaped by long-range capillary- and shear-driven flow-field dynamics
Published: 2026-11-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As a wetting fluid invades a porous material, it displaces a less-wetting fluid through sudden pore-scale events, commonly breaking the latter into isolated ganglia that can be trapped, mobilised and fragmented. Three-dimensional flows inside the ganglia shape the displacement dynamics but are difficult to measure and thus currently poorly characterised. Here, 3D X-ray particle tracking [...]