Preprints
There are 7429 Preprints listed.
Source composition and historical wind reconstructions: two provenance-associated shifts in the CLIWOC aggregate, 1750--1855
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Library and Information Science, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Applied Mathematics, Other Computer Sciences
Recovering Climate’s History with Artificial Intelligence used the CLIWOC ship-logbook database to argue that sailors’ wind observations reveal a previously undetected shift in global atmospheric circulation between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. We reproduce the article's principal annual aggregate from CLIWOC release 2.1 and find that this unstandardized, record-weighted [...]
Machine-learning predictions of annual lake-level recreational boat traffic in Minnesota
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Other Life Sciences
Recreational boating provides human health and economic benefits, but can also cause harm through introductions of aquatic invasive species (AIS). Minnesota, USA, has a large number of lakes, an active boating community, and a watercraft inspection program that collects data regarding boat launches at select sites. However, there is currently no direct monitoring system that measures boating [...]
A satellite blind spot masks crop residue burning across northern India
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Postmonsoon crop residue burning in the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana is a major source of air pollution and air quality degradation across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). Recent satellite observations have revealed an apparent inconsistency between declining fire detections and persistent or increasing atmospheric pollution. Here we combine eight years (2018-2025) of fire observations from [...]
Enhancing High-Impact Rainfall Forecasts via Multi-Sensor, Multi-Stage Variational Data Assimilation in WRF: Insights from the CYGMEN Project
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Assimilating high-resolution radar reflectivity and complementary observation types remains a central challenge for improving short-term quantitative precipitation forecasts of severe Mediterranean weather systems. This study investigates the effect of multi-source data assimilation configurations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational data [...]
Mineral association drives divergent chemical trajectories of organic sulfur during dryland soil development
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Soil Science
Sulfur (S) deficiency is becoming more widespread as atmospheric S deposition declines, increasing ecosystem reliance on mineralization of soil organic S as a source of plant-available sulfate. Yet how organic S chemistry evolves during soil development, and how this evolution is mediated by microbial processing and mineral association, remains poorly understood, particularly in drylands. Here, [...]
Masked Autoencoding (MAE) Outperforms Joint-Embedding Prediction (JEPA) for Frozen-Probe Very-High-Resolution Landslide Segmentation
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mapping landslides from very-high-resolution (VHR) imagery is central to regional hazard assessment, yet supervised segmentation is constrained by the cost of expert pixel-level annotation. Self-supervised learning can exploit large unlabeled aerial archives, but which pretext objective best captures landslide morphology is unknown. Using a regional inventory from the 2023 Emilia-Romagna rainfall [...]
Field-scale sugarcane mapping in Thailand by fusing annual satellite embeddings with a global field-boundary model, cross-checked against mill weighbridge records
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Computer and Systems Architecture, Computer Engineering, Engineering
Sugarcane in Thailand is grown almost entirely by smallholders who deliver to mills under seasonal contracts, so the quantities that matter to planning are properties of individual fields rather than of pixels. Published Thai cane maps are per-pixel classifications, and global cane products perform markedly worse in Thailand than elsewhere because cane is confused with cassava. Whether the global [...]
The Coastal Resilience Safety Factor: A General Method for Coastal Design Under Deep Uncertainty, with a Vancouver Application
Published: 2026-08-15
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Global sea level rise is accelerating, and a substantial portion of the coming rise is now committed regardless of future emissions; coastal cities must therefore shift from preventing the hazard to designing for it. That shift poses a question every other safety-critical discipline already answers in its own domain: how large a design margin a structure should carry when the load is deeply [...]
GIS-Based Assessment of Urbanization Impact on Green Space Dynamics in Awka, Nigeria (1990–2020)
Published: 2026-08-14
Subjects: Education
This research project focuses on assessing the impact of urbanization on green spaces in Awka Urban City, Nigeria, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The study spans the years 1990 to 2020 and employs Landsat satellite imagery for geospatial analysis. The primary objectives include mapping and quantifying the extent of urbanization, analyzing changes in green space distribution, and [...]
Large-Scale Modulation of Mesoscale Convective System Propagation and Diurnal Rainfall over the Western Maritime Continent
Published: 2026-08-14
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology
The western Maritime Continent exhibits a pronounced regional diurnal cycle of rainfall, to which the propagating Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) make a significant contribution. Using an automated tracking algorithm based on brightness temperature, we quantify the contribution of MCSs to the regional diurnal cycle over Singapore and the South China Sea. MCSs affecting the Singapore sector [...]
Nature dependency analysis and the contributions to assessing nature-related risks
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Human dependency on natural capital and ecosystem services (ES) present significant risks to wellbeing and economic prosperity, which are poorly understood. While tools, such as the Exploring Natural Capital Opportunities, Risks and Exposure (ENCORE) database, provide valuable global dependency information, translating these insights into country-specific contexts remains challenging. Here, we [...]
Earth Embedding Products for Geospatial Analysis: Foundations, Applications, and Open Challenges
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Engineering
Earth observation satellites generate petabytes of imagery each year, but extracting useful information remains constrained by limited labels, heterogeneous sensors, and the cost of processing large archives. Foundation models reduce part of this burden by learning transferable representations from multi-source observations. More recently, these representations have been precomputed over [...]
Identifying the Antarctic melt contribution to Last Interglacial sea level from Eurasian relative sea-level records
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
High global mean sea level during the Last Interglacial was likely to have largely been driven by Greenland and Antarctic melt, but the timings, rates, and relative magnitudes of these contributions remain elusive. Due to the geometry of ice-sheet fingerprints, relative sea level records in the Eurasian region are likely to be sensitive to ice mass changes in Antarctica while being relatively [...]
SHiPA-LLM: Interpretable Regional Crop Production Estimation and Driver Analysis by Coupling Deep Learning with a Knowledge-Grounded Large Language Model
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Remote Sensing
Under climate change, regional-scale crop production estimation requires not only stable numerical results, but also a traceable evidence chain that can support mechanism diagnosis and decision-making. Existing regional monitoring systems usually rely on stitching multi-source heterogeneous data with complex alignment procedures, and prediction and explanation are often separated, making it [...]
The effect of plankton vertical migration on primary productivity in a warmer more stratified ocean
Published: 2026-08-13
Subjects: Life Sciences
Marine primary production sustains ocean ecosystems and plays a central role in regulating the global carbon cycle. Current projections suggest that ocean warming will enhance water stratification, limiting the resupply of inorganic nutrients to surface waters, and consequently reduce primary production. This view neglects possible biological feedback mechanisms such as vertical migration by [...]