Preprints
There are 7989 Preprints listed.
Instantaneous State InSAR: Smoothness Doublet and Ambiguity Resolution
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Engineering
Instantaneous state InSAR (ISI) enables epoch-wise parameterization, estimation and prediction for the dynamic motion of individual scatterers in near real-time displacement monitoring. Yet, it introduces a coupling problem: the state prediction (time-update) and the integer ambiguity resolution of double difference phase (measurement-update) depend on each other in a recursive loop. An [...]
Transition from buoyancy-driven to shear-driven melting in a buoyant plume at a vertical ice face
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Melting of a vertical ice face in otherwise quiescent saline water generates a buoyant plume that rises along the ice. Heat and salt transfer through the thin near-wall boundary layers controls the melt rate and must be parameterized in models that do not resolve these layers. In plume models, the three-equation framework of Holland \& Jenkins (1999) is commonly coupled to transfer laws based [...]
New Scalar Measures of Geodetic Strain and Moment Rate from Kinematic Mode Decomposition: Application to the Southwestern United States
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Scalar representations of geodetic strain rate tensors are widely used to characterize crustal deformation and, in seismic hazard assessment, to convert strain rate to expected seismic moment rate. Existing scalar definitions of shear strain rate, total strain rate and deformation style are not defined consistently and, because they depend on eigenvalues that carry both dilatation and shear, [...]
Fertile or Barren: an open benchmark for testing geochemical fertility indices on mineralized and barren mafic-ultramafic intrusions.
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Natural Resource Economics, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide deposits form through a sequence of processes (e.g., magma generation, transport, crustal interaction, sulfur saturation, and sulfide accumulation). These processes can modify whole-rock compositions in different ways, making it challenging to evaluate the geochemical fertility of mafic-ultramafic magmatic intrusions. Several whole-rock fertility indices have been [...]
Repeatability-dependent detection thresholds for time-lapse seismic CO₂ monitoring
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
We quantify the smallest CO₂ layer that a time-lapse seismic survey pair can detect as a function of repeatability, measured by the normalized root-mean-square (NRMS) difference, in a controlled, Sleipner-like synthetic study. Gassmann fluid substitution under four fluid-mixing treatments feeds one-dimensional layer models, checked against two-dimensional finite-difference gathers, and calibrated [...]
Efficient Uncertainty Quantification for Marine CSEM via Swi-DREI: A Physics-Driven Deep Reparameterization Ensemble Approach with Implicit Regularization
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (MCSEM) method serves as a pivotal geophysical tool for characterizing deep-sea hydrocarbon reservoirs or gas hydrates. However, restricted by the exponential decay of EM fields in conductive media and the spatial incompleteness of data acquisition systems, the inverse problem faces challenges of severe non-linearity and non-uniqueness. This study develops [...]
An unprecedented Mediterranean tropical cyclogenesis attempt above extreme sea surface temperatures?
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
On 3-4 October 2026, a strong and organized mesoscale convective system (MCS) developed over the Balearic Sea in the Western Mediterranean, and produced torrential rainfall in the Barcelona area, with up to 248 mm at Granollers (230 mm in 8 hours; 65 mm in an hour). The event occurred without discernible large-scale forcing from an upper-level cut-off low or trough, while western Mediterranean [...]
Predictive modeling of microbial biomineralization across scales
Published: 2026-11-03
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Life Sciences, Microbiology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Microorganisms influence mineral formation and transformation in natural and engineered environments, with consequences for element cycling, contaminant mobility, and mineral records. Predicting these processes remains difficult because microbial activity, local aqueous chemistry, interfacial reactions, and mineral formation operate across different spatial and temporal scales. Here, we review [...]
One island, three countries: aquaculture ponds explain the cross-border gap in mangrove loss on Borneo
Published: 2026-11-02
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Remote Sensing, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Borneo's mangroves share one coastline, climate and sediment regime, yet they are governed by three countries. Using the annual Global Mangrove Watch v4.1 series and open data, this study asks why mangrove in Indonesian Kalimantan is lost faster than in Malaysian Borneo and Brunei, and tests three explanations: protected-area performance, conversion pathways and El Niño sea-level fall. Between [...]
No Universal Urban Form Heat Relationship: Contrasting Thermal Controls in African Cities
Published: 2026-11-02
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Human Geography, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Rapid urbanization and climate change have intensified urban heat island effects. Tropical African cities face particularly high heat vulnerability, yet they remain underrepresented in urban thermal research. Existing research often assumes universal morphology temperature relationships, lacking cross city comparative evidence and spatially rigorous nonlinear attribution in African contexts. This [...]
Residue alkalinity limits microbial leaching of rare earth elements from industrial wastes
Published: 2026-11-02
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability
Microorganisms that make acids can recover rare earth elements from industrial residues such as red mud, coal fly ash, phosphogypsum and electronic waste. Most published studies test one organism on one residue, so their results are hard to transfer. Here we compiled 17 bioleaching studies, covering 10 residues, 5 groups of organisms and 217 runs. We described them all with one physical model, [...]
How climate-related events become climate governance problems: climate change attribution divergence as an interpretive mechanism
Published: 2026-11-01
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Climate-related events are often viewed as potential catalysts for policy learning and changes in climate governance. Floods, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires, and other environmental changes can expose vulnerabilities in infrastructure, land-use planning, and emergency preparedness, drawing attention to the need to reassess existing practices. However, events can be associated with different [...]
Lithologic Period Predicts Yttrium Enrichment in Western United States Stream Sediments
Published: 2026-11-01
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability
Screening ground for heavy rare earth prospecting potential at regional scale depends upon archived geochemistry, because favorable intrusive terrain in the western U.S. greatly exceeds what any drilling program could evaluate directly. This research examined whether the lithologic period of intrusive igneous terrain can reliably predict acid-leachable yttrium using only the stream sediment [...]
A sixth-century groundwater manual tested against India's well network: plant indicators and depth claims in Varāhamihira's Bṛhatsaṃhitā
Published: 2026-11-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Dakārgala chapter of Varāhamihira's Bṛhatsaṃhitā (sixth century CE) is one of the oldest detailed manuals for finding groundwater. It names trees, often together with anthills, as signs of water and gives the depth at which water will be found. It is often cited as early hydrological knowledge, but its claims have not been tested systematically. We coded the chapter's plant indicators and 48 [...]
Hydro Stack: Automated geospatial processing workflow for Water Security Planning
Published: 2026-11-01
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geographic Information Sciences, Hydrology, Software Engineering, Water Resource Management
Watershed and micro-watershed delineation underlies a wide range of water security and land management decisions; yet existing global hydrographic products such as HydroSHEDS are static, coarser, and not readily reproducible or adaptable to new regions or scales. We present Hydro Stack, an open-source, end-to-end workflow that automates micro-watershed delineation and hydrological [...]