Preprints
There are 7194 Preprints listed.
Climate-mode-conditioned exposure of a sporting mega-event: an event-based assessment of Rugby World Cup 2027 in Australia
Published: 2026-06-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The environmental risk of sporting mega-events is usually assessed from host-city climatologies or, more recently, from tournament design (venue, date, kick-off time). Both overlook a distinct axis: the interannual state of the large-scale climate modes into which a given edition falls. We ask to what extent the phase of the El Ni\~no--Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) [...]
ARGUS: A 17-ms End-to-End Deep Learning Pipeline for Real-Time Seismic Source Characterization and Ground Motion Prediction in Sparse-Network EGS/CCS Environments
Published: 2026-06-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present ARGUS (Automated Real-time Geophysical Understanding System), an end-to-end deep-learning pipeline that jointly estimates hypocenter location, centroid moment tensor (CMT), and peak ground acceleration (PGA) distribution from sparse seismic networks, targeting induced-seismicity monitoring in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) and carbon capture and storage (CCS). From as few as four to [...]
Bitwise Reproducibility as an Incomplete Correctness Signal: A Structural Audit for Parallel Spectral GCMs
Published: 2026-06-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Bitwise reproducibility of an OpenMP-parallelized scientific code is usually verified by checksum comparison on a short run—an inductive leap that carries no guarantee at longer integration lengths. We study it instead as a deductive and diagnostic property of the source text, taking a legacy spectral atmospheric general circulation model, whose time step is a reduction over a partitioned [...]
Mapping ethylene plumes using satellite high-resolution imaging spectrometers that exploit the SWIR spectrum
Published: 2026-06-30
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences
Ethylene (C2H4) is an important volatile organic compound that has a negative impact on human health, but space-based monitoring of plumes from this gas remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that ethylene point-source emissions can be detected and quantified using shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging spectroscopy, overcoming the spatial limitations of existing thermal [...]
Spectrally structured CNN encoding for interpretable and edgeready fractional vegetation cover mapping using UAS multispectral and imaging spectroscopy
Published: 2026-06-30
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Biogeochemistry, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Remote Sensing
Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) is a key indicator of semi-arid ecosystem condition, but non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) remains difficult to map because dry or senescent vegetation, litter, woody debris, and standing dead material can overlap spectrally with photosynthetic vegetation (PV) and bare ground (BE), especially where shadows, exposed bare earth surfaces, and mixed vegetation-soil [...]
Coastal plain retention modulates flashflood chlorophylla anomalies in the Red Sea: a CPRI based multisite analysis
Published: 2026-06-30
Subjects: Biodiversity, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Food Science, Life Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences, Research Methods in Life Sciences
The eastern Red Sea coastal margin is among the most oligotrophic large marine ecosystems on Earth, where episodic nutrient pulses from flash floods can transiently fuel phytoplankton blooms. Yet, the extent to which upstream coastal-plain geomorphology modulates the magnitude of these flood-driven chlorophylla (Chla) responses remains poorly quantified. We tested the hypothesis that narrower [...]
Resolving microscale surface temperature variability during a heatwave using a dense sensor network
Published: 2026-06-29
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
High-resolution observations of near-surface temperature variability are essential for understanding heat exposure during extreme weather events, yet are rarely available from dense, regularly spaced in situ measurement grids, with most existing observations derived from unevenly distributed sensor networks. Here, we analyse temperature measurements derived from a dense network of over 3,000 [...]
A Data-Driven Comparative Assessment of Pollution from Ethanol Production and Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning Systems
Published: 2026-06-29
Subjects: Environmental Engineering
This research paper presents a global, data-driven screening-level comparison of environmental pollution from fuel ethanol production and refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, including household air conditioners and refrigerators. The analysis uses publicly available data from international energy, cooling, refrigerant, and ethanol-production sources, combined with a reproducible Python [...]
Overshoot pathway fingerprints persist after global temperature stabilization
Published: 2026-06-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Exceedance of global warming thresholds under overshoot, peak and decline pathways may leave regional climate legacies that persist even after global temperature stabilization. This study examines whether such overshoot pathway fingerprints remain detectable after stabilization at similar global warming levels by comparing two multi-century CMIP6 simulations with different magnitudes and [...]
Shape of storms facilitates energy transfer from weather to deep ocean
Published: 2026-06-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Near inertial internal waves (NIWs) play a key role in transferring energy from extratropical storms into the ocean interior, where they drive turbulence that influences large scale circulation and climate. Efficient downward propaga- tion of NIW energy requires horizontal wavelengths of order 100 km, yet NIWs are conventionally assumed to be generated with much longer scales near 1000 [...]
IGM: an accessible, modular, differentiable, and GPU-accelerated high-order ice flow model
Published: 2026-06-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present the Instructed Glacier Model (IGM, v3.2), an open-source framework for simulating glacier evolution from single-glacier to mountain-range scales. IGM is built on a single design principle: all physical processes, including ice flow, surface mass balance, thermodynamics, and mass conservation, are expressed as short sequences of operations on raster grids. This workflow runs natively on [...]
Direct Dating of Lithic Cuts Using Cosmogenic Nuclides: A Methodological Proposal to Establish the Construction Chronology of Megalithic Megastructures
Published: 2026-06-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
ABSTRACT The chronology of megalithic megastructures is currently established through the analysis of organic matter — charcoal, bone, fibers — found in proximity to the constructions. This method dates the most recently documented human presence in the vicinity of a structure. It does not date the act of construction. If a temporal gap existed between the moment of construction and the moment of [...]
Microbial growth inhibition by compacted bentonite after an 8.5-year in-situ incubation
Published: 2026-06-28
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Compacted bentonite in future deep geological repositories for the disposal of nuclear waste will create an extreme, energy-limited environment for microorganisms, yet the long-term implications for microbial community structure and the potential emergence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) remain uncertain. Here, we use an 8.5-year in-situ incubation experiment in an anoxic Opalinus Clay [...]
SegFormer and SegFormer-UNet for anthropogenic geomorphic feature extraction from land surface parameters
Published: 2026-06-27
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geology, Geomorphology, Remote Sensing
Accurate, scalable mapping of anthropogenic geomorphic features from high spatial resolution terrain data remains challenging. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) excel at characterizing local texture and patterns, their limited receptive fields may fail to capture broader spatial context. Transformer-based architectures, such as SegFormer, support stronger long-range dependency modelling, [...]
Large-scale evidence of behavioral responses and adaptation to wildfire smoke
Published: 2026-06-27
Subjects: Environmental Public Health, Environmental Studies, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Using 371 million bikeshare trips across 12 US cities from 2010 to 2024, we find that wildfire smoke reduces urban cycling substantially and nonlinearly, and that populations with more prior smoke exposures avoid cycling more, not less - a pattern consistent with adaptation rather than habituation. Leveraging day-to-day variation in smoke in a distributed lag nonlinear model with high-dimensional [...]