Preprints
There are 7370 Preprints listed.
Quantifying causal effects of green–blue–gray landscape change on urban thermal outcomes: A spatiotemporal causal machine learning analysis across city scales
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Sciences, Sustainability
Optimizing urban green–blue–gray (UGBG) landscapes has become increasingly important for mitigating surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity under rapid urbanization. However, the causal effects of landscape pattern changes on SUHI remain poorly quantified, particularly regarding their heterogeneity among spatial configuration, urban scales, and temporal periods. This knowledge gap limits the [...]
A registered public-data reproducibility benchmark for the reported PKiKP detection of a Martian inner core
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, The Sun and the Solar System
Bi et al. (2025) infer a 600-km Martian solid inner core partly from a PKiKP vespagram peak at 604 ± 2 s after P and −6.5 ± 0.6 s/deg from stacked InSight marsquakes. We present a registered public-data reimplementation; success criteria, windows, and statistical rules were frozen before outcome inspection, and the headline lane uses the public MPS deglitch stage. We recover a local maximum [...]
Joint Inversion of Seismic and Geoelectrical Data Targeting Geological Faults
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Near-surface geological faults play a crucial role in subsurface systems because they influence fluid flow and transport and can cause geotechnical failure. Topography can sometimes indicate the presence of fault zones, particularly in active tectonic settings where geomorphic features such as triangular facets are preserved. However, particularly for older inactive faults, characteristic surface [...]
Probability-Perturbation McMC for 3D Bayesian TDEM Inversion with Unknown Covariance Parameters
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a hierarchical Bayesian inversion framework for large-scale 3D time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) data that jointly infers the subsurface conductivity field and the parameters controlling a Gaussian process (GP) covariance function, requiring minimal assumptions about subsurface spatial structure. The framework addresses two fundamental bottlenecks in 3D probabilistic inversion: the [...]
Fourier Neural Operator Surrogates for Hysteretic Multiphase Flow in Heterogeneous Geological CO2 Storage Reservoirs
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Modeling hysteresis in heterogeneous field-scale reservoirs is essential for estimating residual CO2 trapping capacity and assessing the security of geological storage. This requires accounting for both relative permeability hysteresis and capillary pressure hysteresis, which control path-dependent multiphase flow and the spatial distribution of trapped gas. Because maximum residual gas [...]
A novel integrated assessment framework to inform Australia's net zero transition
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Agriculture, Environmental Studies, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science
Australia has set an ambitious goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Attaining this target will require important transformations across multiple sectors of the economy. Integrated assessment models can provide valuable insights into the interactions across sectors of the economy, including land, agriculture and energy, to guide these complex transformations. However, many [...]
Dynamic Leveling of the Kanto Basin, Japan: A Unified Model Linking the Kanto Fragment and Mw 8 Deep Earthquakes
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Kanto Basin in central Japan has preserved an anomalously flat surface for more than one million years, defying the intense compressional tectonic regime of the Japanese island arc. Conventional static sedimentation and sea‑level fluctuation models cannot adequately explain this long‑term planar stability. This study proposes a dynamic leveling mechanism driven by two interacting deep [...]
The Possible Global Role of Nature-Based Solutions in Reducing People’s Vulnerability to Climate Change
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Environmental Studies
While climate mitigation is essential for maintaining global mean temperature within 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, climate adaptation is necessary both now and in the coming decades. Ecosystems provide a wide array of services, including those that can reduce the negative impacts of climate change. Actions that solve problems using ecosystem services, called Nature-based Solutions (NbS), [...]
Models of Thermosyphon Performance, Design, and Influence on Glacier Flow
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Glaciology
Sea-level rise threatens coastal communities worldwide, and the acceleration of West Antarctic glaciers is the largest source of uncertainty in sea-level projections. The melt rate at the ice-bed interface is a primary control on the flow speed of fast-moving Antarctic glaciers and ice streams, whose beds are lubricated by meltwater and governed by thermodynamic feedback. Thermosyphons are [...]
Reconstructing Spatial Denudation Patterns in a Reverse-Engineered Fluvial Catchment
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Engineering
Quantifying the spatial heterogeneity of denudation rates is a challenge in geomorphology, particularly in tectonically subdued montane landscapes. We develop a sediment flux-based framework to estimate spatial denudation using a generic reverse-engineered fluvial catchment. The model combines physically based hydraulic geometry with a sediment transport relation to compute gravel flux throughout [...]
A Simple Method for Assessing Global Warming of the Earth
Published: 2026-08-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Observational science, such as climate science, is experiencing unprecedented development owing to the enormous volume of data generated every day and the increasing use of artificial intelligence, which significantly facilitates and accelerates data processing, analysis, and interpretation. Any significant change in the main measured or calculated variables used for environmental monitoring [...]
Village-Scale Mapping of Agricultural Systems and Intensification Levels in Benin Using Geospatial Data and Machine Learning
Published: 2026-08-01
Subjects: Agriculture
Agricultural systems are rapidly transforming, making regular mapping critical for policy guidance. Field-based surveys remain costly and spatially limited, while satellite data represent a promising avenue for characterising agricultural systems. This study explores the use of freely available satellite and geospatial data to produce an exhaustive village-scale mapping of agricultural systems [...]
Structured empirical waveform contamination in moment tensor inversion of shallow mining seismicity: A synthetic diagnostic framework
Published: 2026-08-01
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Full moment tensor inversion of shallow mining-induced seismicity is affected by sparse station coverage, near-surface effects, and structured waveform mismatch that is not adequately represented by random-noise assumptions. We present a synthetic diagnostic study using the Jacobina mining district, Brazil, as a realistic reference case for local network geometry, shallow source depths, and [...]
An experimental study on element migration and pore evolution during supercritical carbon dioxide geological sequestration in deep coal seams of the Ningxia region, China
Published: 2026-08-01
Subjects: Mining Engineering
With the intensification of global climate change, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become a global challenge. As a high-emission region, Ningxia faces significant pressure to reduce emissions. Geological storage of carbon dioxide is considered one of the key technologies for achieving carbon neutrality. Utilizing deep unmineable coal seams for CO2 sequestration can not only reduce [...]
A Deep Learning-based Workflow for the Automated Focal Mechanism Determination in Italy
Published: 2026-08-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The determination of earthquake focal mechanisms is crucial for understanding tectonic processes and assessing seismic hazard. While traditional methods based on manual polarity picking have proven effective, they are time-consuming and potentially subject to analyst’s bias, particularly for small to moderate earthquakes. This study presents a machine learning-based approach for automating focal [...]