Preprints
There are 7973 Preprints listed.
Mapping landslide change and volume with repeat airborne LiDAR after the May 2023 Emilia-Romagna event: slope-dependent detection limits and lowered areas
Published: 2026-10-31
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Remote Sensing
Landslide inventories are validated against repeat topography by comparing the ground that changes beyond a detection limit inside mapped polygons with the same fraction on stable ground. Stable ground is gentler than landslides, and LiDAR noise grows with slope. We measure the consequence for the May 2023 Emilia-Romagna event, Italy, with four pairs of 0.5 m airborne LiDAR on 919 river-corridor [...]
The remote reference as an instrumental variable in model space: time-series magnetotelluric inversion with noisy magnetic fields
Published: 2026-10-31
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Noise in the local magnetic field biases magnetotelluric (MT) responses, and a relevant, valid remote magnetic record removes the bias. For an earth model inverted from time series, remote referencing becomes estimating equations: the residual formed with the local field is orthogonal to the sensitivities driven by its projection on the remote field. Their solution, relevance and validity must be [...]
Conditional reliability of gridded rainfall datasets in Nigeria
Published: 2026-10-31
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Gridded rainfall datasets support Nigerian research and climate services, but published agreement depends on the rainfall property, release and validation design. This critical narrative review audits 18 Nigerian gauge-reference evaluations and two contextual comparator studies. The core register contains five complete-text, five passage-only and eight abstract-only records. An archived [...]
Threshold Sensitivity and Reference Uncertainty in Sentinel-1 Inundation Mapping: The July 2021 Mahad Flood
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is widely used to map flood inundation under cloud cover, but backscatter-based mapping is sensitive to processing choices, and quantitative evaluation depends on reference data that are often unavailable. This paper examines both issues for the July 2021 flood at Mahad, Maharashtra, India. Three Sentinel-1A VV/VH scenes from one descending orbit, acquired on 10 [...]
Climate Risk Intelligence Index (CRII): An AI-Augmented Satellite-Based Climate Vulnerability Assessment Framework for India
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring
Climate change has emerged as a major global challenge affecting environmental sustainability, hydrological stability, urban resilience, and ecosystem health. Conventional climate vulnerability assessment systems primarily rely on static rule-based frameworks and isolated environmental indicators, limiting contextual interpretability and adaptive reasoning across geographically diverse regions. [...]
High-resolution 14C stratigraphy reveals decadal periodicity in stromatolite lamination
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stromatolites constitute amongst the oldest evidence for life on Earth and preserve laminated records throughout most of geological time. However, the timescales represented by their lamination remain poorly constrained. Here, we report the first high-resolution 14C dating combined with Bayesian age-depth modelling for three Holocene stromatolites from contrasting depositional environments. The [...]
Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Atmospheric Pollutants and Dispersion Mechanisms over West Bengal (2019–2024): Insights from Sentinel-5P, GEOS-CHEM, and HYSPLIT Models
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology
This study delivers a thorough spatio-temporal analysis of atmospheric pollutants and their dispersion mechanisms across West Bengal (2019–2024), utilizing an integrated approach of Earth Observation and modeling techniques. We employed satellite data from Sentinel-5P alongside GEOS-Chem box modeling, HYSPLIT trajectory simulations, and AI-enhanced statistical methods to examine trends, identify [...]
Brazil’s climate targets impaired by the potential cessation of the Amazon carbon sink
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies, Forest Sciences, Life Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Sustainability
In accordance with the recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), countries utilize the "managed land" proxy for their national greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories. This implies deducting “passive” carbon removals from countrywide gross GHG emissions. Long-term forest plots indicate that the carbon sink in structurally intact Amazon forest has weakened by [...]
Spatially evaluated statistical reconstruction of Quaternary vegetation with PaleoVeg
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Paleobiology
Statistical vegetation–climate models translate palaeoclimate simulations into vegetation estimates for reconstructing Quaternary environments. We present PaleoVeg, which builds on the probabilistic approach of Shao et al. (2018) using a Random Forest and WorldClim 2.1 bioclimatic variables. It predicts probabilities for 11 vegetation and bare-ground classes and option- ally applies [...]
Advances in UAV-Based Methane Emission Monitoring: Sensors, Sampling Geometry, and Quantification
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are one key platforms for monitoring methane due to their flexible deployment with spatial scales between ground-based sensors and crewed aircraft This review synthesises research on UAV sensing technologies, flight and sampling strategies, quantification methods, and validation practices. It finds that quantitative performance depends on the combined choice of [...]
Where the Water Begins: A Field Guide to Six Streams Rising in the Knuckles Mountain Range, Sri Lanka
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Hydrology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Water Resource Management
The Knuckles mountain range in central Sri Lanka is one of the wettest parts of the Mahaweli basin, and the streams that rise on its slopes feed the Victoria, Randenigala, Moragahakanda and Kalu Ganga reservoirs on which irrigation, hydropower and drinking water for a large part of the country depend. Walkers in the range meet these streams every day, yet there is no single account of where each [...]
Historical air quality database in Navarre, Spain (2011–2025): Harmonized hourly records and relational Star Schema of atmospheric pollutants
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Monitoring
Administrative air quality monitoring networks often release public data across fragmented repositories, variable formats, and inconsistent time encodings, hindering automated scientific re-use. This paper presents a curated, harmonized, and quality-controlled environmental dataset covering 15 consecutive years (2011–2025) of hourly atmospheric observations in Navarre, Spain. Integrating [...]
Conditional Benefits of Point-Level UAV LiDAR--Multispectral Fusion for 3D Vegetation Classification
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Monitoring
Multisensor remote-sensing fusion combines complementary measurements of landscape structure and surface reflectance, but adding a second modality does not necessarily produce uniform classification gains. This study evaluates point-level data fusion of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) LiDAR and multispectral imagery within a three-dimensional (3D) point-cloud representation. Tree--shrub [...]
Hotspots of Efficient Large-scale Circulation Response to Idealized Diabatic Heating
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
Soil moisture anomalies can influence large-scale atmospheric circulation and thereby affect remote regions. However, the seasonal and geographical dependence of these circulation responses has been largely unexplored. Here, we conduct idealized experiments with a Linear Baroclinic Model, imposing identical low-level diabatic heating anomalies across global land to examine atmospheric circulation [...]
Prospectivity model for magmatic Nickel, Copper, Cobalt, and Platinum-Group Elements in the Midcontinent Rift
Published: 2026-10-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Volcanology
Much of the Midcontinent Rift is concealed beneath glacial sediment, which limits direct geological observation and makes it difficult to evaluate the potential for undiscovered magmatic Ni–Cu–PGE deposits with publicly available data. The 1.1 Ga rift hosts the Eagle Ni–Cu–PGE deposit of northern Michigan, one of the few domestic sources of nickel, a critical mineral of the United States. We [...]