Preprints
There are 7377 Preprints listed.
Permafrost degradation as a heterogeneous mosaic of tipping and non-tipping behaviour
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences
Permafrost thaw can occur as widespread gradual thaw, or as abrupt thaw. Abrupt thaw can occur on decadal or shorter timescales and produce large, often irreversible changes to landscapes, ecosystems, and infrastructure. These changes are frequently described as tipping points, yet the underlying mechanisms differ substantially in their feedback structure, reversibility, and capacity for [...]
Scale-Aware Uncertainty-Aware Machine Learning for Gold Prospectivity Mapping: Evidence-Range Audits for Exploration Targeting
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mineral exploration is expensive because most land has not been tested directly. A missing deposit record is therefore not the same as a true absence record. This paper develops a scale-aware positive-unlabeled learning framework for gold prospectivity mapping using public geological and mineral-occurrence data. The main method is the Non-Gold Evidence Transfer Field (NGETF). NGETF removes every [...]
The Unfinished Map: Observing the Indian Ocean through Model-Corrected, Fleet-Based Sensing
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography
We make decisions about the ocean-the largest and most consequential system on Earth-from a sample so sparse it would be judged inadmissible in almost any other science. Less than one-thousandth of one percent of the deep seafloor has ever been seen by a human eye or camera; most deep-ocean observation has been carried out by a handful of wealthy nations; and the Indian Ocean-which has absorbed a [...]
Rapid biotransformation and inactivation of subtilisin and α-amylase in wastewater treatment plants Article Type: Research Article
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Environmental Engineering
This study quantified the removal and biotransformation of the industrial enzymes subtilisin and α-amylase in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and activated sludge systems. Measurements of subtilisin and α-amylase at an industrial WWTP showed high inlet concentrations and concentrations below quantification limits in the outlet, corresponding to removals of more than 99% of intact enzymes. [...]
Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Underground Mineral Extraction Process: A Dynamic Three-Dimensional Model of Underground Mining Space
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Geotechnical Engineering, Mining Engineering, Natural Resource Economics, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other Environmental Sciences
Three-dimensional models of underground space are a core component of digital twins of mining enterprises. The fundamental requirement for such models is that they must be dynamic — accurately reflecting the current state of their physical counterpart at each moment in time. When developing large underground bedded mineral deposits (coal, potash), the mined horizon constitutes a continuously [...]
Effect of Three-Phase Relative Permeability on Field-Scale Carbon Dioxide Storage and Oil Recovery
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Engineering, Petroleum Engineering
Currently, the vast majority of subsurface carbon dioxide storage occurs in mature oil fields, where sequestration is combined with enhanced oil recovery. When carbon dioxide is injected below the minimum miscibility pressure, three-phase flow occurs. We study the sensitivity of assumptions made in the assignment of three-phase relative permeabilities on predicted oil recovery and carbon dioxide [...]
Questioning the Ferromanganese Nodule Dark Oxygen Production Hypothesis
Published: 2026-08-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Quantifying causal effects of green–blue–gray landscape change on urban thermal outcomes: A spatiotemporal causal machine learning analysis across city scales
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Sciences, Sustainability
Optimizing urban green–blue–gray (UGBG) landscapes has become increasingly important for mitigating surface urban heat island (SUHI) intensity under rapid urbanization. However, the causal effects of landscape pattern changes on SUHI remain poorly quantified, particularly regarding their heterogeneity among spatial configuration, urban scales, and temporal periods. This knowledge gap limits the [...]
A registered public-data reproducibility benchmark for the reported PKiKP detection of a Martian inner core
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, The Sun and the Solar System
Bi et al. (2025) infer a 600-km Martian solid inner core partly from a PKiKP vespagram peak at 604 ± 2 s after P and −6.5 ± 0.6 s/deg from stacked InSight marsquakes. We present a registered public-data reimplementation; success criteria, windows, and statistical rules were frozen before outcome inspection, and the headline lane uses the public MPS deglitch stage. We recover a local maximum [...]
Joint Inversion of Seismic and Geoelectrical Data Targeting Geological Faults
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Near-surface geological faults play a crucial role in subsurface systems because they influence fluid flow and transport and can cause geotechnical failure. Topography can sometimes indicate the presence of fault zones, particularly in active tectonic settings where geomorphic features such as triangular facets are preserved. However, particularly for older inactive faults, characteristic surface [...]
Probability-Perturbation McMC for 3D Bayesian TDEM Inversion with Unknown Covariance Parameters
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a hierarchical Bayesian inversion framework for large-scale 3D time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) data that jointly infers the subsurface conductivity field and the parameters controlling a Gaussian process (GP) covariance function, requiring minimal assumptions about subsurface spatial structure. The framework addresses two fundamental bottlenecks in 3D probabilistic inversion: the [...]
Fourier Neural Operator Surrogates for Hysteretic Multiphase Flow in Heterogeneous Geological CO2 Storage Reservoirs
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Modeling hysteresis in heterogeneous field-scale reservoirs is essential for estimating residual CO2 trapping capacity and assessing the security of geological storage. This requires accounting for both relative permeability hysteresis and capillary pressure hysteresis, which control path-dependent multiphase flow and the spatial distribution of trapped gas. Because maximum residual gas [...]
A novel integrated assessment framework to inform Australia's net zero transition
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Agriculture, Environmental Studies, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science
Australia has set an ambitious goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Attaining this target will require important transformations across multiple sectors of the economy. Integrated assessment models can provide valuable insights into the interactions across sectors of the economy, including land, agriculture and energy, to guide these complex transformations. However, many [...]
Dynamic Leveling of the Kanto Basin, Japan: A Unified Model Linking the Kanto Fragment and Mw 8 Deep Earthquakes
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Kanto Basin in central Japan has preserved an anomalously flat surface for more than one million years, defying the intense compressional tectonic regime of the Japanese island arc. Conventional static sedimentation and sea‑level fluctuation models cannot adequately explain this long‑term planar stability. This study proposes a dynamic leveling mechanism driven by two interacting deep [...]
The Possible Global Role of Nature-Based Solutions in Reducing People’s Vulnerability to Climate Change
Published: 2026-08-03
Subjects: Environmental Studies
While climate mitigation is essential for maintaining global mean temperature within 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, climate adaptation is necessary both now and in the coming decades. Ecosystems provide a wide array of services, including those that can reduce the negative impacts of climate change. Actions that solve problems using ecosystem services, called Nature-based Solutions (NbS), [...]