Preprints
There are 7260 Preprints listed.
Inferring the sub-surface connectivity and structural maturity of the Roccapreturo normal fault system, Central Apeninnes, Italy, using high-resolution structural mapping
Published: 2026-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Constraining how active faults link together in the sub-surface and understanding how fault geometry and structural maturity affect earthquake propagation are key tools for understanding earthquake behaviour and seismic hazard. We use the Roccapreturo fault system, from the Central Apennines, Italy, which has three closely spaced normal faults mapped at the surface as a case study to explore [...]
Problems of Global Ocean Averages and Integrals
Published: 2026-07-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ocean circulation exhibits a great regional variation in the temporal behavior of physical parameters such as temperature or salt or carbon. Some of the variety is very familiar, e.g. equatorial versus mid-latitude, but in addition much heterogeneity appears within those very large-scale geographical regions. Questions arise in computing and understanding the meaning of such quantities as the [...]
Regulatory gaps in nvPM and non-CO2 aviation-emission standard under SAF adoption pathways
Published: 2026-07-10
Subjects: Engineering
Non-Volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) emission requirements in the aviation industry are examined in depth in this dissertation. The research analyses the present available technologies to measure the number concentration as well as the mass of aerosol particles in order to compare it with the aircraft emissions. For the same ICAO compliant sampling and measurement system was deployed. A System [...]
Survival and Detectability of Mars-Derived Organic Carbon in Phobos Regolith: A Quantitative Hardness Taxonomy for MMX Sample Analysis
Published: 2026-07-09
Subjects: Planetary Sciences
The Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission will return ≥ 10 g of Phobos regolith containing a small fraction of Mars-derived impact ejecta (Ramsley and Head, 2013; Chappaz et al., 2013). We quantify what fraction of this material could plausibly carry detectable ancient Martian organic matter, correcting an uncited back-of-envelope estimate that assumed percent-level survival of degraded [...]
A pipeline for representing buildings as fuels in wildland urban fire spread and risk modeling
Published: 2026-07-09
Subjects: Categorical Data Analysis, Databases and Information Systems, Engineering, Geographic Information Sciences, Mechanical Engineering, Nature and Society Relations, Other Engineering, Other Environmental Sciences, Other Mechanical Engineering, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical and Environmental Geography, Risk Analysis, Software Engineering, Spatial Science
Wildfires pose an increasing risk to structures and communities located adjacent to or among vegetative landscapes. Yet most open landscape-scale fire modeling workflows still lack a reproducible way to represent buildings as combustible fuels rather than only as exposed assets or nonburnable developed land. This paper presents FireDX, a geospatial data engine that generates standardized, [...]
A Multiscale Geometric PDE Framework Coupling Macroscopic Curvature and Microscopic Grain Boundary Motion: An Application to Snow Deformation and Sintering
Published: 2026-07-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The motion of grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials and porous media has conventionally been modeled by local geometric evolution equations, such as Mean Curvature Flow (MCF). However, existing models primarily depend on local interfacial geometry and generally do not account for the influence of macroscopic curvature fields induced by the deformation of the bulk continuum. In this study, [...]
Parametric Analysis Applied to the Geometric Optimization of Filtered Iron Ore Tailings Stacks
Published: 2026-07-09
Subjects: Engineering, Mining Engineering
The high iron ore output in Brazil and the regulatory restrictions imposed on tailings dams after the Mariana (2015) and Brumadinho (2019) failures have accelerated the adoption of dry stacking of dewatered tailings. This work develops a parametric analysis for the geometric optimization of filtered iron ore tailings stacks, assessing the influence of slope angle, berm width and bench height on [...]
Thermodynamic modeling tools for the interpretation of melt inclusions and volcanic gases
Published: 2026-07-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Volcanology
H2O, CO2, and S are the most abundant volatiles in basaltic magmatic systems and are critical to understanding magma storage and the size and style of volcanic eruptions. Models for calculating melt–vapor (±mineral) equilibria are abundant in the literature but are not interoperable. Consequently, few comparisons of model outputs have been performed. To address this, we comprehensively compare [...]
Decomposing drivers of global temperature change after net zero
Published: 2026-07-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Net-zero CO2 (NZCO2) and greenhouse gas emission (GHG) targets are central to the development of mitigation scenarios. Global surface air temperature (GSAT) change after NZCO2 depends on several factors that broadly fall into two categories: scenario-specific factors that account for the diversity of possible mitigation pathways to net zero and beyond, and model-specific factors that describe the [...]
A Reproducible Framework for the Compressibility of Truncated Spherical-harmonic Planetary Potential-field Models
Published: 2026-07-09
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology
For a planetary potential field whose degree-variance spectrum decays as a convergent power law σ²_ℓ ∼ ℓ^−α (α > 1), a single measured exponent simultaneously fixes three classically distinct rates: the truncation-error decay rate, the Sobolev smoothness index, and the Kolmogorov n-width rate. Spherical-harmonic degree truncation is the standard yet inherently lossy way to compress such [...]
Beyond a Single Risk Score: Posterior Rank Uncertainty in Wildfire Exposure of Transmission Corridors
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Risk Analysis
Transmission-line wildfire risk management frequently demands segment-level priority triage, whereas records regarding equipment status, power outages and routine inspections remain non-public. This study establishes a reproducible framework relying solely on publicly accessible datasets to conduct retrospective external wildfire exposure ranking for transmission line segments across California. [...]
Valuation boundaries in monetary ecosystem service assessment: A logic-chain-based reporting framework with a vineyard application
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Monetary ecosystem service (ES) valuations often diverge across studies and locations even when similar valuation approaches are applied. A key reason is that applied valuations frequently rely on opportunistic datasets and proxies, which implicitly determine which biophysical, management, and demand-side drivers are represented in the valuation workflow. Because this “valuation boundary” is [...]
Temperature converges, precipitation diverges: a systematic evaluation of three Quaternary paleoclimate reconstructions over the last 800,000 years
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Life Sciences
Aim Spatially explicit paleoclimate reconstructions are widely used in macroecology, biogeography, and archaeology to infer past species ranges, refugia, and biodiversity dynamics. Three products, Oscillayers, Krapp et al. (2021), and PALEO-PGEM-Series, provide global bioclimatic variables across the Quaternary, yet rest on fundamentally different methodological foundations, and their mutual [...]
Toxic Ultrafine to Nanoparticulate Materials in Wildfire Smoke
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Wildfire smoke contains metal-laden ultrafine particles (less than 0.25 µm) systematically overlooked in air quality monitoring, representing a hidden hazard. We show that these ultrafine particles dominate smoke composition, accounting for >60% of particle mass and carrying toxic metals including chromium, nickel, and titanium at sizes down to 5 nm, small enough to penetrate lung barriers and [...]
The Rise of Diamond Open Access Journals in Earth Sciences: Past Developments, Present Tensions, and Future Pathways
Published: 2026-07-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Cosmochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Library and Information Science, Paleontology, Planetary Sciences, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Over roughly the last decade, a visible, community-led Diamond Open Access (OA) ecosystem has emerged in the Earth sciences, not as a departure from tradition, but as the latest expression of a long-standing culture of open, society-supported scholarly communication. While free-to-read, fee-free publishing initiatives have deep roots in the field, predating the Diamond terminology by decades and [...]