Preprints
There are 6892 Preprints listed.
How Do Discrete Global Grid Systems Actually Perform? A Systematic Benchmark Across Geometry, Computation and Relational Joins
Published: 2026-05-01
Subjects: Computer and Systems Architecture, Databases and Information Systems, Earth Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Software Engineering, Spatial Science
As geospatial datasets exceed the billion-row threshold, Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) promise to replace expensive vector spatial joins with fast relational hash-joins on discrete cell identifiers. However, the real-world performance of different grid implementations and the upfront cost of converting vector geometries into grid indexes remains largely unquantified. This paper introduces [...]
Detecting and Explaining Persistent Road Underdevelopment in Greater Accra Region Using Multi-Temporal Geospatial Data and Machine Learning
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Uneven transport infrastructure development remains a persistent challenge in rapidly urbanising cities, where disparities in road conditions shape mobility, accessibility, and socio-economic op-portunities. In Greater Accra, Ghana, rapid urban expansion has produced a road network character-ised by strong spatial inequalities, with many neighbourhood roads remaining unpaved despite sur-rounding [...]
Recent intensification of eastern Pacific ENSO is unprecedented across the last millennium
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon generates climate extremes that endanger ecosystems, infrastructure, and human well-being worldwide. The response of this system to climate warming is poorly constrained, due to data scarcity and climate model biases, making projections of future climate hazards uncertain. The geochemistry of Galápagos coral skeletons across the past [...]
When Irrigation Cannot Keep Pace: Aridification, Crop Composition, and the Spatial Concentration of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency Decline in Central Chile
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering
Water scarcity under sustained aridification is among the most consequential threats to agriculture in Mediterranean-climate regions. Central Chile's ongoing megadrought (~2010-present), characterized by persistent precipitation deficits and intensified atmospheric evaporative demand-provides a natural experiment for examining how agricultural water use efficiency (WUE) responds to prolonged [...]
Challenges with Developing a Measurement-Based Basin Methane Intensity Estimate: A Case Study from the Haynesville
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Methane intensity, the emissions relative to production, has been a focus in global regulations on oil and gas production and imports, given the climate benefits of methane emission reductions. Methodological frameworks to create annual measurement-based emissions inventory estimates and calculate methane intensity using snapshot measurements have been developed. However, there are still multiple [...]
Increasing lifetime exposure to extreme fire weather under climate change in Europe
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Climate change increases fire weather globally. Hot, dry and windy conditions raise the likelihood of fires igniting and spreading and make suppression more challenging. With further warming, fire weather is projected to intensify across Europe, yet implications for today’s young generations remain unclear. Here, we analyse lifetime exposure to extreme fire weather across Europe using an ensemble [...]
Reduced geomagnetic shielding increased UV-B radiation at Earth’s surface during the Laschamps Event
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Atmospheric Sciences, Biochemistry, Biogeochemistry, Biology, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Life Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Life Sciences, Paleobiology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geochemistry, Planetary Geology, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Statistics and Probability
Exposure to excess UV-B radiation can harm organisms through DNA damage and oxidative stress, and has likely been a key ecological and evolutionary driver throughout Earth’s history. Here, we show UV-B at Earth’s surface was significantly increased during the Laschamps Event, the last major geomagnetic excursion ca. 41ka BP. During the Laschamps, we find significant and prolonged (lasting [...]
Direct quantification of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence using compact solar-blind optical radiometers
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Optics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provides a non-invasive, quantitative measure of plant photosynthetic activity, linking leaf-level physiology to canopy and ecosystem behavior and the global carbon cycle. Current SIF measurements rely on hyperspectral retrievals of the weak fluorescence signal from small changes in Fraunhofer lines or atmospheric absorption features [...]
Building a climate resilient health system: Lessons from Health National Adaptation Planning (H-NAP) in Uganda
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Public Health
Climate change is increasingly affecting both health and the systems required to deliver care, particularly in low-resource settings. In response, Uganda developed its Health National Adaptation Plan (H-NAP) 2025–2030 to guide climate change adaptation in the health sector. However, limited analytical attention has been paid to how low-resource countries are developing and institutionalising [...]
Climate Change Driven Disruptions in Health Service Uptake and Gender Role Inequities in SubSaharan Africa: A Scoping Review
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Background SubSaharan Africa (SSA) faces deeply intersecting crises in which high climate vulnerability interacts with entrenched gender role inequities, severely compromising population health and resilience. Climatedriven shocks including droughts and floodsdisrupt health systems and disproportionately affect women and girls due to preexisting socioeconomic and cultural [...]
Towards Prospective Disaster Risk Management: Mapping Multi-hazard Urban Risk Dynamics Driven by Evolving Exposure and Vulnerability via Earth Observation
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Categorical Data Analysis, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Geographic Information Sciences, Human Geography, Other Computer Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Risk Analysis, Spatial Science, Structural Engineering
As local governments increasingly adopt geospatial Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) to inform prospective public policy, the reliability of existing static risk intelligence is challenged by the continuous evolution of building exposure, population distribution, and physical vulnerability. Recent multi-temporal datasets of the built environment, derived from Earth Observation and [...]
Intensifying Seismicity beneath Mount Teide: Assessing the Probability of an Imminent Eruption on Tenerife
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Volcanology
Recent seismic swarms in the western sector of the Las Cañadas Caldera (Tenerife, Canary Islands) have raised concerns regarding the potential for renewed eruptive activity at Teide. Although the earthquakes were of small magnitude and occurred at depths of around 6-12 km, their detection and media coverage generated public concern on an island visited by millions of tourists each year. Teide [...]
Living on the Edge: Unequal Rise of Global Population Exposure on Steep Terrain
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Sustainability
The global population living on steep terrain is rising, so is their landslide risk. However, hotspots and driving mechanisms of increasing exposure remain poorly understood. We assess changes in global gridded population and settlement characteristics on steep terrain (≥ 10◦ hillslope inclination) aggregated over topographic catchments (mean area ∼10,000 km2) for 1975–2025. We find that about [...]
Integrated Triassic sediment routing along eastern Gondwana (Australia)
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Triassic continental sedimentary basins along the eastern margin of Gondwana record drainage reorganisation and sediment routing, but provenance links among adjacent basins remain uncertain. This study integrates detrital zircon U–Pb data and sandstone petrography from the Triassic Rewan Group and Clematis Group of the northern Bowen Basin with published palaeocurrent constraints and compares [...]
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MONSOON AND IOD EFFECTS ON RAINFALL VARIABILITY IN NORTH AND SOUTH SUMATRA
Published: 2026-04-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sumatra Island exhibits distinct rainfall characteristics between its northern and southern regions due to its equatorial position. Generally, Northern Sumatra displays a bimodal rainfall pattern driven by the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), whereas Southern Sumatra follows a monomodal pattern influenced by the Asian-Australian Monsoon system. This study aims to evaluate [...]