Preprints
There are 7927 Preprints listed.
Scalable and locally mass-conservative simulation of basin-scale variably saturated groundwater flow
Published: 2026-10-26
Subjects: Hydrology
Groundwater is the largest store of liquid fresh water, yet because it is hidden beneath the surface, it is primarily understood through models of porous-media flow. Richards' equation, a physically faithful description of variably saturated groundwater flow, remains costly for basin-scale groundwater modelling. Consequently, operational models use reduced physics, either by assuming linearity or [...]
A global life-cycle inventory database of deforestation area and emissions for agricultural products
Published: 2026-10-26
Subjects: Agriculture, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Other Food Science, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences, Sustainability
Food-system actors are increasingly required to quantify and report the greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture-driven deforestation in their supply chains, yet comprehensive, up-to-date and openly accessible data to support such Scope 3 reporting remain scarce. Here we present a harmonized life-cycle inventory (LCI) database of deforestation area and carbon footprints covering 183 agricultural [...]
Erosion-induced momentum production and system acceleration govern landslide mobility
Published: 2026-10-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geotechnical Engineering, Glaciology, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Erosion can fundamentally alter landslide acceleration through the produced momentum. However, existing analytical landslide velocity models do not account for the energy dissipation associated with erosion-induced system acceleration. Here, I present a novel, complete dynamical velocity model for erosive landslides that incorporates two intrinsically coupled mechanically essential processes: [...]
A multi-source quantitative reconstruction of the 26 August 2026 Bhote Koshi rock-ice avalanche-debris-flow-flood cascade, Nepal
Published: 2026-10-26
Subjects: Engineering
On 26 August 2026, a catastrophic transboundary mass-flow and flood cascade originated in the upper Lhende Khola-Bhote Koshi headwaters and propagated through the Bhote Koshi, Trishuli, and Narayani river system in Nepal. Early public descriptions used the glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) label, but subsequent seismic, satellite, video, field, hydrological, and damage-assessment evidence [...]
Contour-crossing calculations quantify decadal changes in the pCO2 impacts of inorganic chemical weathering in the North American Arctic
Published: 2026-10-25
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Degradation of Arctic permafrost is altering biogeochemical dynamics by exposing previously frozen sediment to water, acids, and oxidants. While thaw-driven enhancement of carbonate and silicate mineral weathering results in drawdown of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2), acting as a negative feedback on modern climate change, enhancement of sulfide mineral oxidation increases pCO2 and acts as a [...]
Data-efficient prediction of rare earth leaching from industrial residues with physics-constrained machine learning
Published: 2026-10-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geochemistry, Mining Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coal ash, mine-water sludge, red mud and phosphogypsum contain rare earth elements, and each new feedstock needs its own leaching recipe. LixaLearn couples a small neural network to closed-form rate laws for four metal hosts (exchange sites, fast-dissolving minerals, slow-dissolving minerals and a locked fraction), with part of the fast host limited by the solubility of its mineral. The network [...]
Detecting Changes in Power Plant NOx Emissions Using Deep Learning and TEMPO Satellite Imagery
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
NASA's Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument provides hourly daytime observations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) across North America. These observations could support independent, facility-level monitoring of power plant nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, filling gaps when continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) measurements fail or facilities are not [...]
The ocean’s gravity-driven carbon flux from serendipitous particle traps
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Particles sinking into the ocean’s interior are a food source for deep-sea ecosystems and sequester carbon from the atmosphere. Yet, measurements of the sinking flux are sparse, leaving substantial uncertainties in its magnitude and variability. We demonstrate how a fleet of Argo floats has serendipitously measured the sinking flux for the last decade because particles settled onto the floats [...]
antasena: A Python Library for Nitrox Diving Calculations
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Dynamic Systems, Fluid Dynamics, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography
We present antasena, an open-source Python library for calculations that underlie diving with nitrox, oxygen-nitrogen mixtures richer in oxygen than air. It computes depth limits, equivalent depths, inert-gas uptake, no-decompression limits, staged decompression schedules, central-nervous-system and pulmonary oxygen exposure, real-gas cylinder contents, and partial-pressure blending, and its [...]
Coastal Climate Change Adaptation: A Review of Engineering, Nature-Based, Governance, and Socio-Economic Adaptation Strategies
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability
Adaptation is becoming a key part of climate policies, including the Paris Agreement, for coastal areas, which host a large proportion of the world's population. Coastal areas are prone to intensive urbanization and tourism, which can exacerbate the threats of sea-level rise, storm intensification, erosion, and saltwater intrusion. Existing reviews have examined engineering, ecological, [...]
Energy and environmental impacts of rapid data-center expansion in the United Arab Emirates
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Rapid growth in artificial intelligence (AI) is driving major data-center expansion globally, increasing demand on electric power and water-supply systems. Yet the energy and environmental implications of this growth remain comparatively understudied in hot, water-scarce regions such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where announced developments coincide with high cooling requirements, [...]
Does electricity scaling improve annual water-withdrawal estimates? Evidence from US Meta data centers
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Studies, Water Resource Management
Planners often need to estimate data-center water use before detailed operating data exist, and a common shortcut multiplies electricity use by a historical water intensity. The logic is appealing: computing produces heat, and removing heat often takes water. Yet whether this shortcut beats the simplest alternative, persistence (assuming that each facility withdraws what it withdrew the year [...]
Flood Exposure Assessment of Electrical Substations in Iowa Using Geospatial Service-Area and Influence-Zone Modeling
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geographic Information Sciences
Flooding poses a growing risk to electric substations, yet statewide assessments often fail to connect facility exposure with the spatial context of service territories, communities, built environments, and grid infrastructure. This study develops a data-driven geospatial framework to assess direct and indirect flood impacts on electrical substations across Iowa under 50-, 100-, and 500-year [...]
Incision Sets the Growth Rate of Delta Channel Networks
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
River deltas support large human populations and diverse ecosystems, but many are increasingly threatened by relative sea-level rise and sediment deprivation. Delta growth is widely viewed as a depositional process driven by sediment accumulation. However, the distributary channels that deliver sediment across deltas often extend before major episodes of subaerial land growth. Recent field [...]
Assessing Basin Amplification and Rupture Directivity Effects Using Physics-Based Ground Motion Simulations in Wellington
Published: 2026-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Near-surface velocity structure plays a crucial role in modulating ground motion, and, in turn, contributes to seismic risk. However, a complete understanding of the basin effect is limited, owing to the paucity of detailed shallow basin structure, geological structures and near-field seismic sources. In this study, we perform physics-based simulations of ground motions incorporating the [...]