Preprints
There are 6686 Preprints listed.
Agricultural expansion and intensification in Brazil: A literature synthesis of dynamics, drivers, and implications
Published: 2026-03-24
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Nature and Society Relations, Other Geography, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science
Brazil’s long-term agricultural development reflects a complex interplay between human-driven land-use change and natural ecosystems. Since the 1960s, agricultural production in Brazil has expanded rapidly, driven by global food demand and national economic growth, through two primary pathways: (1) agricultural expansion via conversion of natural vegetation, particularly forests, and (2) [...]
Atsusa samusa mo higan made: Statistical validation of a Japanese weather proverb across eight stations over 76 years
Published: 2026-03-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Background: Weather proverbs encode centuries of observational knowledge, yet few have been subjected to rigorous statistical testing. The Japanese proverb atsusa samusa mo higan made ("heat and cold last only until the equinox") asserts that seasonal temperature transitions coincide with the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. Despite growing international interest in weather folklore verification, [...]
Geospatial Modelling of Vegetation Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration Capacity in Ekiti State, Nigeria Using MODIS Data and CASA Models.
Published: 2026-03-23
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geographic Information Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Sustainability
Accurate estimation of terrestrial carbon sequestration capacity is fundamental to national climate mitigation efforts and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study assessed vegetation dynamics and modelled Net Primary Productivity (NPP) a proxy for carbon sequestration capacity in Ekiti State, Nigeria, over the 11-year period (2014–2024). The study deployed the seasonal and [...]
Ice Surface Change Drives Subglacial Hydrologic Reorganization and Interior Speedup in Northwest Greenland
Published: 2026-03-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
ABSTRACT. Changes in ice surface elevation and slope influence subglacial water pressure and sliding velocity. Leveraging decadal scale changes in ele- vation observed by the Ice, Cloud, and land-Elevation satellite (ICESat) and ICESat-2 missions, we use coupled subglacial hydrology–ice dynamics model- ing applied to a section of the northwest Greenland Ice Sheet to explore i) how decadal scale [...]
How well do global ocean approaches constrain local pCO2?
Published: 2026-03-22
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The ocean absorbs 29% of humanity’s annual anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and the future of climate change is strongly dependent on how this sink evolves. Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) approaches to enhance this sink are actively being developed. In the interest of understanding how well state-of-the-art global products and models can help to distinguish mCDR signals from [...]
Spatiotemporal Assessment of Urbanisation and Deforestation Impacts on Forest Structure and Vegetation Health in Ekiti State, Nigeria Using Multi-Sensor SAR, Optical, and GEDI Data.
Published: 2026-03-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Nigeria’s urban population is projected to reach 70% by 2050, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable land management strategies. This study integrates multi-sensor SAR (ALOS PALSAR, Sentinel-1), optical imagery (Landsat, Sentinel-2), and spaceborne LiDAR (GEDI) to quantify the impacts of urbanization and deforestation on forest structure in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Using Random Forest and [...]
On the Origin of Directional Variability in Earthquake Response Spectra: A Stochastic Covariance Framework
Published: 2026-03-22
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology
Directional variability of horizontal earthquake response spectra is commonly described using rotation-based measures such as RotD50 and RotD100, yet its physical and statistical origin remains unclear. This study shows that directional anisotropy arises fundamentally from finite-sample fluctuations of the covariance matrix of filtered ground-motion response. Even under perfectly isotropic [...]
A universal law for non-breaking surface wave decay
Published: 2026-03-22
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Macroscopic friction can emerge from microscopic fluctuations whose mean vanishes but whose autocorrelation does not. Here we use this statistical-mechanical route to resolve a sixty-year-old problem in ocean wave physics, how non-breaking surface waves lose energy to upper-ocean turbulence. The Navier-Stokes equations contain a stochastic vortex force (the coupling between wave orbital motion [...]
DHAFGan: A Dense Hybrid Attention Fusion Generative Adversarial Network for Infrared and Visible Image Fusion
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Computer Engineering
Aiming at the problems existing in the current infrared and visible light image fusion algorithms, such as insufficient perception of typical features, poor visual representation of the fusion results, and insufficient utilization of important secondary information, this paper proposes an infrared and visible light image fusion algorithm based on shallow-deep feature extraction and dual-channel [...]
Tectonic reconstruction
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This is a book chapter that explains tectonic reconstruction techniques, from the field to the plate scale. It is directed at field geologists who want to place their detailed observations in regional (plate) tectonic context, relative to major plates, mantle or spin axis.
Microbial inoculation increases maize yield and root biomass across smallholder farming systems in Rwanda
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Agriculture, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences
Soil degradation, nutrient depletion, and increasing climate stress constrain food productivity across tropical smallholder farming systems. Microbial inoculants have emerged as a promising strategy to improve soil functions and crop yield, yet field-based data from African smallholder systems remain limited, particularly for multi-strain bacterial consortia. Using a multi-strain consortium in a [...]
Benefits of the Sentinel-2 mission triplet constellation in 2025
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Life Sciences
With the first-year extension of Copernicus Sentinel-2A satellite operations nearing its end, an evaluation of its added-value is urgently needed. Here, we show that despite reduced spatio temporal coverage, the additional Sentinel-2A acquisitions in 2025 enhanced the number of usable Sentinel-2 observations over Europe for the March-December period by almost 34%, and at the global scale by more [...]
Spectral signatures in satellite soil moisture reveal irrigation patterns across the contiguous United States
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Irrigation profoundly alters the terrestrial water cycle, yet its spatial distribution and temporal variability remain poorly constrained. Here, we introduce a new approach to detect irrigation in space based on spectral differences between modelled and satellite-observed soil moisture time series. Using wavelet decomposition, we isolate irrigation-induced variability at sub-annual scales by [...]
Pyxccd: An Efficient Python Package for Break-aware Time Series Analysis of Earth Observation Data
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Engineering
Pyxccd is an open-source, cross-platform Python package (installable via PyPI) for break-aware analysis of Earth observation time series, supporting retrospective disturbance mapping and near-real-time (NRT) monitoring. It implements the two CCDC-like algorithms: COLD (the latest version) and S-CCD 2.0 (state-space formulation to enable NRT application). Additionally, S-CCD 2.0 adds an [...]
Paleomagnetism in tectonics: A user’s guide
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Paleomagnetism can reveal the direction of the ancient geomagnetic field recorded in rocks and provides an invaluable quantitative reference for the study of tectonics. This chapter describes the basic principles of how the magnetic field is stored in rocks, how it may be measured, and how common pitfalls in paleomagnetic analysis may be recognized and corrected for. We then explain how [...]