Preprints
There are 7089 Preprints listed.
A satellite-monitoring research agenda for urban stormwater infrastructure: capabilities, gaps, and a community-benchmark proposal
Published: 2026-06-10
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology
Urban stormwater best management practices (BMPs) are a core component of urban-resilience portfolios worldwide. Per-asset performance monitoring, however, is both limited and difficult to enumerate at the global scale. We argue that publicly available satellite Earth observation has reached the capability point at which the resulting accountability gap can be closed at portfolio scale, and that [...]
Subsurface advective flow unveils the architecture of Earth’s crustal biosphere
Published: 2026-06-10
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Geology, Microbiology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences
The subsurface biosphere is one of Earth’s largest microbial reservoirs, yet its spatial extent remains poorly constrained due to limited direct access. Here we propose using the integrated environmental readouts encoded in deep subsurface fluids to shift from simply mapping where life can be detected to constraining where life can exist. Deeply-sourced advective fluids provide an integrated [...]
A Unified Treatment of SKS Splitting and Surface-Wave Anisotropy for Media with Arbitrary Elastic Symmetry
Published: 2026-06-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Observations of SKS splitting and surface-wave azimuthal anisotropy are two of the primary geophysical constraints on crust and upper-mantle anisotropy, yet the two methods often yield apparently inconsistent inferences about the strength and vertical extent of anisotropy. Here we show that neglecting anisotropy parameters associated with Rayleigh-Love coupling is an important and largely [...]
High-resolution pavement material data can improve estimates of water supply from precipitation to street trees
Published: 2026-06-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Impervious surfaces in urban landscapes strongly influence how precipitation supplies water to trees. Most data on imperviousness are satellite derived restricting our ability to analyze impacts of imperviousness at the scale of single tree catchments: the area covering tree roots. To address this challenge, we compiled a high-resolution dataset for Berlin, Germany, that specifies pavement [...]
Effects of loading schemes in volumetric simulations of sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip (SEAS) in subduction zones
Published: 2026-06-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
State-of-the-art simulations of sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip (SEAS) require realistic loading conditions and physics-based constitutive laws to produce the full spectrum of fault slip. Previous studies have shown that loading schemes may affect long-term system behavior, including earthquake recurrence intervals. However, the effects of loading schemes on rupture characteristics and [...]
Coseismic uplift as strandplain-building mechanism: morphodynamic and stratigraphic evidence from the 2010 Maule earthquake, south-central Chile
Published: 2026-06-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Tectonics and Structure
Coseismic uplift along convergent margins drives rapid coastal progradation, yet its short-term morpho-stratigraphic response remains poorly documented at human timescales. Here we integrate four complementary high-resolution proxies: satellite-derived shorelines, multi-temporal mapping of the seaward dune vegetation line (SVDL), ground-penetrating radar stratigraphy, and UAV–LiDAR topographic [...]
Detection, Classification, and Characterization of Compound Coastal Flooding along the Gulf and Southeastern U.S. Coasts
Published: 2026-06-09
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Compound coastal flooding, driven by the concurrent or sequential exceedance of storm surge and river discharge thresholds, poses disproportionate risk to Gulf and Southeast US coastal communities, yet systematic observation-based characterization of its spatial distribution, typological structure, and joint intensity remains limited. This study investigates compound coastal flooding using a [...]
Simulations of Minnesota water budget components using the Soil-Water-Balance model, past (1981–2022) and future (2040–59 and 2080–99)
Published: 2026-06-09
Subjects: Climate, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
This study presents historical estimates and future projections of net infiltration (potential recharge), actual evapotranspiration (ET), surface runoff, and related water budget components across Minnesota using the USGS Soil Water Balance model, version 2 (SWB). The model was calibrated to streamflow and actual ET observations from 2000–2022, achieving an overall r² of 0.973 with a standard [...]
Surface Infrared Forcing as a Primary Driver of Contemporary Global Warming: A Synthesis of Biophysical, Spectral, and Land-Use Evidence
Published: 2026-06-08
Subjects: Life Sciences
The prevailing attribution of observed global warming to the radiative forcing of well-mixed greenhouse gases — principally CO₂ — rests on a framework that systematically underrepresents a class of forcings operating at the land-atmosphere interface. This paper synthesises evidence from satellite remote sensing (Duveiller et al., 2018), planetary biomass accounting (Erb et al., 2018), [...]
Floods as a window of opportunity: When and why extreme events trigger adaptation
Published: 2026-06-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Disasters can open windows of opportunity for climate adaptation—moments when heightened public attention makes it possible to advance policies and measures that would otherwise struggle to gain traction. Yet whether and how floods shape public adaptation discourse remains unclear. Here, we quantify how flood severity influences media coverage on 12 adaptation measures across 274 German districts [...]
Uncovering a hidden resource for wildfire resilience: groundwater governance solutions to social-ecological challenges in a warming world
Published: 2026-06-08
Subjects: Engineering
Wildfires are intensifying worldwide and increasingly threaten cities and communities in the wildland–urban interface. While attention has focused on forests, fuels, and firefighting capacity, water systems are also under growing pressure during major fire events. Groundwater, accessed through decentralized wells across urban, peri-urban, and rural landscapes, remains largely overlooked in [...]
Long-term magma recharge episodes recorded in plagioclase zoning in the Okama pyroclastics at Zao Volcano, northeastern Japan
Published: 2026-06-08
Subjects: Volcanology
Mafic magma recharge into shallow plumbing systems is one of the most important processes for remobilizing crystal mush-dominated magma reservoirs, eventually triggering eruptions. Previous studies have mainly focused on pre-eruptive recharge episodes, revealing short mixing-to-eruption timescales through diffusion chronometry applied to fast-diffusing elements. However, the existence of [...]
Integrative Biodiversity Science Informing Transformative Multiscale Governance through Diversifying Values of Nature in Scenarios and Models
Published: 2026-06-08
Subjects: Life Sciences
• Improved use of scenarios and models can contribute to enhancing the achievement of the Global Biodiversity Framework through more systemic approaches (e.g., causality frameworks, detection and attribution) and evidence-based methods (e.g., integrated use of data, scenarios, and model- based indicators) that incorporate diverse values of nature. • Scenarios play critical roles in both global [...]
A Low-Cost In-Silico Geological Assessment Workflow for Two IOCG-Style Targets with Mixed Iron-Oxide Surface Expression in Chile, with Comparative Reference to a Copper Porphyry Gossan-Blanket System
Published: 2026-06-07
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences
This study presents a low-cost, in-silico geological assessment workflow for early-stage mineral exploration under minimal-data conditions, with particular relevance for artisanal mining and small-scale exploration. Contrasting Chilean case settings are used to examine differences in oxidized surface expression. The analysis focuses on two targets in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera cobalt–iron [...]
Automated GIS-Based Hydrological Modeling Framework for Flood Hydrograph Estimation in Ungauged Mediterranean Catchments: A Case Study of Sicily
Published: 2026-06-07
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
The estimation of design flood hydrographs in ungauged Mediterranean catchments remains a persistent challenge for hydrological engineering, flood hazard assessment, and territorial risk planning. The absence of discharge observations, coupled with the high temporal concentration of precipitation and the marked geomorphological variability of small basins, renders conventional calibration-based [...]