Preprints
There are 7270 Preprints listed.
On the retreat of lagoon-terminating glaciers: sometimes fresh, sometimes salty
Published: 2026-07-12
Subjects: Geomorphology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coastal lagoon-terminating glaciers flow into water bodies of variable salinity and temperature, shaped by mixing meltwater, ocean water, and ice. They remain understudied yet increasingly important as coastal glacier margins retreat globally. Lagoon salinity influences circulation through interactions with buoyant subglacial discharge. Water temperature, modulated by ocean connectivity and [...]
Storm-source geometry biases mantle transition-zone water estimates from a century-scale geomagnetic archive
Published: 2026-07-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Electromagnetic estimates of water in the mantle transition zone depend on the assumed geometry of storm-time source fields. We audit the effect of that assumption using paired processing chains that differ only by inclusion of a degree-3 zonal source term, together with pre-specified admission gates. The experiment is applied to three separately processed, partially overlapping observatory [...]
Comparing feature maps generated using UNet-like CNN, Transformer, Mamba, and hybrid architectures for general land cover mapping
Published: 2026-07-12
Subjects: Geography
This study compares feature maps produced by semantic segmentation architectures using varying combinations of convolutional neural network (CNN), Transformer, and Mamba selective state space (selective SSM) components with a goal of exploring the following question: does correlation or similarity between the generated data abstractions imply comparable predictive performance? Specifically, [...]
Deep Neural Network-Based Inversion of Turbidites in Confined Basins
Published: 2026-07-11
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Fluid Dynamics, Geology, Sedimentology
Turbidites generated by large earthquakes and other geological events are commonly preserved in small, topographically confined basins along active continental margins. Reconstructing flow conditions from these deposits is essential for assessing past hazards; however, existing inverse models have been validated only for unconfined settings, and their applicability to confined basins remains [...]
Constructing Prospective Multiregional Input--Output Tables via Scenario-Constrained Optimization for Future Environmental Footprint Assessment
Published: 2026-07-11
Subjects: Environmental Engineering
Prospective multi-regional input--output (MRIO) tables that integrate scenarios from integrated assessment models (IAMs) support forward-looking environmental footprint analysis, but the trade-off between historical structural fidelity and scenario compliance has not been quantified. We constructed 12 prospective MRIO tables from the EXIOBASE 2019 and IMAGE SSP2 scenario for 2035, including a [...]
The evolution of West African Atlantic mangroves from the Late Cretaceous to the present: an evidence-based synthesis of the paleobotanical record
Published: 2026-07-11
Subjects: Paleontology
The paleobiogeographic and evolutionary history of tropical West African (WAF) mangroves has yet to be comprehensively reconstructed from the available paleobotanical evidence. This study presents the WAFMA (West AFrican MAngrove) dataset, the fourth regional compilation in an ongoing series aimed at reconstructing the origin and evolution of mangroves worldwide through standardized, [...]
A machine learning approach for detecting biofouling in oceanographic data
Published: 2026-07-11
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Fluid Dynamics, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Autonomous ocean observing platforms collect long-term biogeochemical time series, but sensor degradation from biofouling introduces progressive biases that contaminate the climate record. This work focuses on the BGC-Argo fleet of profiling floats, where optical sensors measuring chlorophyll-a and backscatter are particularly susceptible to biofouling. Current detection relies on per-float [...]
Novel pseudo-logistic spatial regression for the assessment of local/zonal susceptibility to landslides – case study in Central Vietnam (Bình Định Province)
Published: 2026-07-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract. The exploratory geographic modeling process aims to formalize spatial relationships through the combination of metrics or variables that explain spatial phenomena and integrate spatial dimensions. This study adopts a similari-ty-based induction process, evaluating multidimensional distances using derived variables or exploratory geographic modeling metrics. The methodology integrates [...]
A multisectoral data integration framework and geospatial visualisation for last-mile heat-health decision making: A pilot deployment study in Rajasthan, India
Published: 2026-07-10
Subjects: Public Health
Adaptation for extreme heat depends on identifying and responding to populations most vulnerable to heat-related illnesses. Yet, in many low- and middle-income countries the data needed to assess vulnerability remains fragmented across disconnected information systems. As a result, frontline health officials plan their response strategies using limited, underreported, and retrospective [...]
Validation of Baer-Babinet's Law using modern Landsat retrievals
Published: 2026-07-10
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this study, I use a modern river erosion dataset created by Langhorst and Pavelsky (LP) in 2023 (LP 2023) to validate the long-standing contention behind Baer-Babinet's Law (BBL). This law postulates that rivers preferentially erode the right bank of rivers in the Northern Hemisphere and the left bank in the Southern Hemisphere, as a result of the Coriolis Force. Albert Einstein also published [...]
Inferring the sub-surface connectivity and structural maturity of the Roccapreturo normal fault system, Central Apeninnes, Italy, using high-resolution structural mapping
Published: 2026-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Constraining how active faults link together in the sub-surface and understanding how fault geometry and structural maturity affect earthquake propagation are key tools for understanding earthquake behaviour and seismic hazard. We use the Roccapreturo fault system, from the Central Apennines, Italy, which has three closely spaced normal faults mapped at the surface as a case study to explore [...]
Problems of Global Ocean Averages and Integrals
Published: 2026-07-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ocean circulation exhibits a great regional variation in the temporal behavior of physical parameters such as temperature or salt or carbon. Some of the variety is very familiar, e.g. equatorial versus mid-latitude, but in addition much heterogeneity appears within those very large-scale geographical regions. Questions arise in computing and understanding the meaning of such quantities as the [...]
Regulatory gaps in nvPM and non-CO2 aviation-emission standard under SAF adoption pathways
Published: 2026-07-10
Subjects: Engineering
Non-Volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) emission requirements in the aviation industry are examined in depth in this dissertation. The research analyses the present available technologies to measure the number concentration as well as the mass of aerosol particles in order to compare it with the aircraft emissions. For the same ICAO compliant sampling and measurement system was deployed. A System [...]
Survival and Detectability of Mars-Derived Organic Carbon in Phobos Regolith: A Quantitative Hardness Taxonomy for MMX Sample Analysis
Published: 2026-07-09
Subjects: Planetary Sciences
The Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission will return ≥ 10 g of Phobos regolith containing a small fraction of Mars-derived impact ejecta (Ramsley and Head, 2013; Chappaz et al., 2013). We quantify what fraction of this material could plausibly carry detectable ancient Martian organic matter, correcting an uncited back-of-envelope estimate that assumed percent-level survival of degraded [...]
A pipeline for representing buildings as fuels in wildland urban fire spread and risk modeling
Published: 2026-07-09
Subjects: Categorical Data Analysis, Databases and Information Systems, Engineering, Geographic Information Sciences, Mechanical Engineering, Nature and Society Relations, Other Engineering, Other Environmental Sciences, Other Mechanical Engineering, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical and Environmental Geography, Risk Analysis, Software Engineering, Spatial Science
Wildfires pose an increasing risk to structures and communities located adjacent to or among vegetative landscapes. Yet most open landscape-scale fire modeling workflows still lack a reproducible way to represent buildings as combustible fuels rather than only as exposed assets or nonburnable developed land. This paper presents FireDX, a geospatial data engine that generates standardized, [...]