Preprints
There are 7163 Preprints listed.
Air quality and health impacts of Data Center electricity demand in the United States
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence is associated with a substantial growth in electricity demand from data centers in the US, yet the resulting air quality and public health impacts remain poorly quantified. Data centers represent large, near-continuous demands that fundamentally alter power system dispatch and emissions. To quantify the ambient air pollution and associated premature [...]
Sediment accumulation, rather than mixing, controls the temporal resolution of the sedimentological record
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Sedimentary particles such as organismal remains carry information on the Earth’s past. As a result of mixing in surface sediments, particles of different ages can be found at the same depth (time-averaging), and particles of identical ages can be found at different stratigraphic positions (stratigraphic disorder). This results in simultaneous stratigraphic and temporal blurring of the recorded [...]
Large-Scale Mapping and Graph-Theoretic Characterization of Arctic Tundra Capillary Networks From Submeter Satellite Imagery
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract— Tundra capillary networks (TCNs) are visible surface-drainage features associated with ice-wedge polygon terrain that can influence lateral surface-water redistribution across Arctic landscapes. However, TCN systems remain poorly characterized at regional scales because their narrow morphology, variable surface expression, and submeter scale have limited the development of scalable [...]
Where to Watch the Water: Multi-Sensor Network Design Optimization for Inland Flood Detection
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Inland flood detection is often constrained less by sensor availability than by where sensors are placed along branching river networks, especially in ungauged headwaters where floods often initiate. We present a three-phase, decisionfocused framework for designing basin-by-basin multi-sensor flood detection networks that coordinate water-level, discharge, and camera sensors while explicitly [...]
Remote sensing of ammonia point sources at high spatial resolution with satellite-based imaging spectrometers
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Monitoring
Ammonia (NH3) emissions play a key role in air pollution and the disruption of the nitrogen cycle. Global emissions of ammonia are expected to increase in the future, making their monitoring essential to better understand their impacts and to support effective environmental policies. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of satellite imaging spectrometers operating in the shortwave [...]
Earthquakes Source Scaling at Subfault Scales
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Establishing scaling laws for large earthquakes remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of methodologies and datasets used to produce finite-fault models. In this study, we analyze source properties for 264 earthquakes using the NEIC finite-fault database, expanding previous efforts by examining rupture behavior over a broader magnitude range and capturing both established scaling trends and [...]
Geospatial Assessment of Current and Future Land Suitability for Peruvian Amylaceous Maize (Zea mays L.) Using Random Forest Modeling
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Agriculture
Climate change poses an increasing threat to crop suitability and food security, particularly for varieties of great cultural and economic importance, such as Peruvian starchy maize (Zea mays L.), whose optimal growing areas remain poorly characterized at the national level. This study presents the first comprehensive geospatial assessment of current and future land suitability for starchy corn [...]
ICP-Base: A free and open-source software solution for centralized LA-ICP-MS data processing, evaluation and management
Published: 2026-06-23
Subjects: Geochemistry, Other Earth Sciences, Speleology, Volcanology
Transient signal intensity data, particularly since the advent of Laser Ablation–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), have become a standard tool in petrology and geochemistry for determining the chemical composition of minerals and fluid and melt inclusions. However, commonly used software for quantifying raw ICP-MS data is often inflexible, expensive, and closed-source, [...]
Creating story lines on floods: relating climate-change uplift to (extreme) experienced and future flooding events
Published: 2026-06-22
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fluvial flooding remains one of the most significant climate-related hazards worldwide, with its impacts intensified by increasing urbanisation, land-use change, and climate change. We apply the flood-excess volume (FEV) methodology to analyse major recent flood events on the River Aire in Leeds, UK, and specifically to the 2015 Boxing Day and February 2020 floods, as a basis for evaluating the [...]
Detecting Harmful Algal Blooms in the Gulf of Maine using a Hybrid Model
Published: 2026-06-22
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Harmful algal blooms are a growing threat to marine ecosystems, aquaculture, public health and tourism industries. This study quantifies the value of augmenting simulated outputs of a regional hydrodynamic model with satellite data input to detect harmful algal blooms using machine learning model in Gulf of Maine. And evaluates performance using in-situ Imaging FlowCytobot observations spanning [...]
Tectonic pump closes the evolutionary loop for long-buried subseafloor microbes
Published: 2026-06-22
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Tectonics and Structure
Deep marine sediments host one of Earth’s largest microbial biospheres, yet most cells in this environment persist in a non-growing state for thousands to millions of years beneath kilometers of sediment. For natural selection to favor such extraordinary long-term survival, a mechanism must exist that is capable of returning buried living populations to near-surface environments, where [...]
A Phanerozoic Atlas of Earth’s Atmosphere, Surface, and Interior Derived from the PANALESIS Plate Tectonic Model
Published: 2026-06-22
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Other Environmental Sciences, Tectonics and Structure
Reconstructing the Earth system evolution through deep time requires spatially consistent, multi‑layer datasets that integrate geological, geophysical, and climatic information. Here we present a unified, high‑resolution (10×10km) global dataset describing the Earth’s evolution over the past 545 million years. This atlas provides 45 time slices spanning the Phanerozoic, each including quantified [...]
When is curvature-level geoid validation feasible? A detectability-and-identifiability design rule, demonstrated on GSVS17
Published: 2026-06-22
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Geoid-model validation campaigns compare observed geoid heights and slopes against models. This work asks what it takes to extend that comparison by one differential order — to curvature, the local change of slope — and gives a predictive design rule for when such a test is worthwhile. The rule rests on the classical fact that plumb-line curvature is a projection of the gravity Hessian, or [...]
Foundational GIS competence, cognitive demand and essay-response maturity in the Finnish geography matriculation examination
Published: 2026-06-21
Subjects: Education, Educational Methods, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Science and Mathematics Education
This study analyses how upper secondary students demonstrate foundational GIS competence in essay responses to a Finnish geography matriculation examination. A random sample of 100 Finnish-language responses was examined using qualitative deductive content analysis, the revised Bloom’s taxonomy, the SOLO taxonomy, and the GeoTAITO model. The task addressed geographic information, spatial [...]
Pedagogical integration of digital GIS tools in secondary education: Teachers’ uses, classroom organisation, and constraints
Published: 2026-06-21
Subjects: Education, Educational Methods, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography
This study examines how geography teachers implement GIS-related digital work in secondary education and what this reveals about the pedagogical integration of specialised digital tools. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 20 Finnish lower and upper secondary geography teachers, the study analyses the tools teachers use, the pedagogical organisation of GIS-related work, and the factors [...]