Preprints
There are 7466 Preprints listed.
Early warning signals of tipping points: A deep learning approach to direction and timing
Published: 2026-08-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The crossing of climate tipping points poses serious risk to life on Earth due to the impacts they cause, and their irreversibility. These systems generally exhibit critical slowing down on their approach to tipping point, or bifurcation, which can be detected by looking for changes in statistical properties of a time series from the system, such as an increasing lag-1 autocorrelation or [...]
Boxology: the isobar–thickness box count as an exact advection integral, and its rendering
Published: 2026-08-24
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
“Boxology” is the hand-analysis practice of reading thermal advection from the angle at which mean-sea-level-pressure isobars cross 1000–500 hPa thickness contours: steep crossings cut the chart into small quadrilaterals and imply strong advection, while parallel families imply none. This note shows the practice is an identity rather than a rule of thumb, and implements it as a rendered chart [...]
AquaContam: machine-learning models of drinking-water contamination learn who is monitored as much as where contamination occurs
Published: 2026-08-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Hydrology
Machine learning informs drinking-water monitoring, yet administrative data record the monitoring process as much as the contamination. Using AquaContam (over 4 million samples from 95,223 U.S. water systems and ambient monitoring locations), we find provenance proxies dominate feature attributions, and an apparent lead-model AUROC of 0.962 is largely a target- leakage artifact (corrected skill [...]
phytoclassShiny: a Guided Workflow for Phytoplankton Pigment Chemotaxonomy
Published: 2026-08-23
Subjects: Life Sciences, Marine Biology
Estimating phytoplankton community structure using diagnostic pigment biomarkers relies on chemotaxonomic tools like CHEMTAX and the mathematical improvements of the phytoclass R package. However, phytoclass requires programming experience that limits its accessibility to non-coders. We present phytoclassShiny, a free, open-source, offline R Shiny application that guides users through a linear, [...]
CRS Methodology to the Realmonte Salt mine, southwestern Sicily: an application for hydrogen storage potential site in Italy.
Published: 2026-08-22
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geology, Mining Engineering, Multivariate Analysis, Risk Analysis, Sustainability
As Sicily expands its renewable energy portfolio, the need for large-scale energy storage becomes increasingly urgent to ensure supply-demand balance. Hydrogen storage in salt caverns represents a promising solution in this context. This study presents the first real-world application of the Common Risk Segment (CRS) methodology, originally developed for oil and gas exploration and recently [...]
Mass-Transport Complex Top Surface Morphology Controls Turbidity Current Evolution Over Millennial Timescales
Published: 2026-08-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Slope failures and related gravity currents are key mechanisms by which sediment is remobilized, transported, and deposited on most of continental margins. Their deposits, which include mass-transport complexes (MTCs) and turbidites, are commonly deposited in close spatial and temporal association and constitute key depositional elements filling sedimentary basins. Previous studies have revealed [...]
Global temperature calibrations based on 3-hydroxy fatty acids in lacustrine settings
Published: 2026-08-22
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences
Lakes are important archives of palaeoclimate records on the continent and decoding them could improve the parameterization of climate models to better predict the future. However, the limited temperature proxies currently applicable in lake environments make high-resolution climate records scarce. 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs) are bacterial lipids which have recently been proposed as [...]
A differential linear perturbation method for apparent I.P. calculations
Published: 2026-08-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
3-D induced polarization (I.P.) surveys are widely used in exploration of minerals particularly those that contain conductive minerals sulfides that frequently occur in areas with complex geology. The linear perturbation method is frequently used to calculate the apparent resistivity and I.P. values. This method treats the I.P. effect as a linear change of a base conductivity model. The apparent [...]
Dense vertical profiling of the natural magnetic field with a suspended QuSpin QTFM Gen 2 under azimuth-balanced acquisition
Published: 2026-08-22
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Sensor height is part of the observation geometry of a magnetic survey. We quantified how processed, azimuth-balanced total magnetic field changed with sensor height above ground level (AGL) for a suspended QuSpin QTFM Gen 2 at four agricultural-field sites in Xã Bác Ái Tây, Khánh Hòa, Vietnam. The sensor was suspended 20 m below a geophysical drone helicopter. At each nominal condition from 25.0 [...]
Mapping one million small reservoirs in Brazil highlights widespread environmental and policy implications
Published: 2026-08-21
Subjects: Water Resource Management
Small dams and reservoirs disrupt hydrological connectivity and increase evaporative water loss across Brazil, yet most remain unmapped. Applying deep learning to Sentinel satellite data from 2021, we created a comprehensive map of 1.1 million small on-stream reservoirs (smaller than 50 ha). Their 7,597 km^2 cumulative surface area surpasses the combined area of Brazil’s three largest mega-dam [...]
Spatial Recognition Justice: Integrating Participatory Mapping and Discrete Choice Experiment to Elicit Ecosystem Service Values
Published: 2026-08-21
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Geographic Information Sciences, Nature and Society Relations, Other Environmental Sciences, Spatial Science
Nature-based solutions (NBS) have become a central component of climate adaptation and sustainability agendas in many cities. Yet NBS implementation increasingly faces opposition from residents. As NBS fail to consider diverse needs, values, and priorities of different population segments, they fall short from a recognition justice perspective. This study provides a systematic assessment of [...]
Independent lidar observations support declining low cloud cover trends seen in satellite and reanalysis records
Published: 2026-08-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
Low clouds strongly influence Earth's radiation budget, yet their response to climate change remains uncertain. Recent satellite and reanalysis studies indicate declining low cloud cover that may have contributed to increasing absorbed solar radiation, but independent ground-based evidence over land is limited. Here we show that ground-based lidar observations support a decrease in low cloud [...]
Flood Susceptibility Mapping and Engineering Exposure Assessment of Zhob District, Balochistan, Using Sentinel-1 SARValidated AHP and Frequency Ratio Modeling
Published: 2026-08-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology
Zhob District in northern Balochistan was substantially affected by the 2022 Pakistan monsoon floods, yet, unlike comparable districts mapped in the immediate aftermath of the same event (Larkana, Nowshera, Pishin, Quetta), it has lacked a dedicated, district-specific flood susceptibility assessment. This study addresses that gap using a hybrid Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Frequency Ratio [...]
State-Dependent Biophysical Processes Prevented a Late Paleozoic Snowball Earth
Published: 2026-08-21
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Terrestrial vegetation modulates Earth’s climate through two distinct pathways—biogeochemically drawing down CO2 through enhanced organic carbon burial [1, 2] and silicate weathering [3, 4], and biophysically altering surface energy and water balances through potentially competing albedo and evapotranspiration changes [5, 6]. Although the biogeochemical pathway is widely invoked to explain the [...]
On the quieting of glaciohydraulic tremor
Published: 2026-08-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
The subglacial hydraulic system strongly modulates glacier motion, yet the links between subglacial water flow, basal pressure, and short-lived drainage reorganization remain difficult to observe directly. Seismology can track seismic power generated by turbulent subglacial water flow, known as glaciohydraulic tremor (GHT). At Rhône Glacier, Switzerland, previous observations documented periods [...]