Preprints
There are 8010 Preprints listed.
Source Representation and Earthquake-Ocean Coupling in Tsunami Generation by the 2020 Samos Normal-Faulting Earthquake
Published: 2026-11-07
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
The 2020 Mw 7.0 Samos normal-faulting earthquake produced damaging ground shaking and a destructive local tsunami. We construct a three-dimensional kinematic rupture model from a finite-fault inversion and use its shear stress changes to inform two dynamic rupture models. We initialize a non-linear shallow-water tsunami simulation with instantaneous Okada displacement and source one-way linked [...]
What lies beneath: National aboveground carbon stock changes and under-canopy disturbance detection from 3D point clouds
Published: 2026-11-07
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Forest Management, Forest Sciences, Geography, Remote Sensing
Accurate and spatially explicit quantification of forest biomass and carbon stock changes over time is necessary for carbon accounting and verification at different scales. Here, we applied deep learning to full 3D point-cloud data to produce a high-resolution time series of forest attribute maps for Denmark. The maps include predictions for biomass and canopy height with estimated uncertainties, [...]
From Individual Gathers to Source-Composite Inversion in Active MASW: A paired field comparison of 8kg hammer and gun acquisition protocols
Published: 2026-11-07
Subjects: Other Engineering
In multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), the suitability of an active source is evaluated by its ability to generate coherent and continuous surface-wave dispersion over a usable frequency and wavelength range, as these characteristics influence the reliability of mode identification and the attainable depth of investigation. We present a hierarchical paired comparison of hammer and gun [...]
Contrasting terrestrial and marine sources of isoprenoid and branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers in marine sediments
Published: 2026-11-07
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry, Oceanography
Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are widely used as environmental proxies, yet the sources and environmental significance of the structurally related glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs) in marine sediments remain poorly constrained. We investigated isoprenoid and branched GMGTs in 16 coastal soils, 62 East China Sea surface sediments, five South China Sea sediment cores, [...]
Hearing the heat: a proof-of-concept study of nonlinear sound measures for distinguishing phases of rapid organic decomposition
Published: 2026-11-07
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Dynamic Systems, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Non-linear Dynamics, Physical and Environmental Geography, Soil Science
Acoustic recording can follow decomposition non-destructively, but which acoustic measures carry process information is largely untested. In a proof-of-concept experiment, four nonlinear complexity measures and six conventional ecoacoustic indices were compared in eight octave bands, using 150 recordings from five buckets of one vermicompost-hay batch during one mesophilic heating-cooling cycle. [...]
Restoration for whom and by whom? Contrasting narratives across COP30 arenas highlight the challenges of integrated implementation
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Ecological restoration is central to global climate and biodiversity agendas, yet translating international commitments into inclusive and effective implementation remains challenging. UN climate conferences provide important arenas where these priorities are negotiated. We examined how forest restoration was framed across different arenas at the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the [...]
Greener but not taller: LiDAR shows South Asia's forest greening is concentrated in structurally depleted forest
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Forest Management, Geography, Natural Resources and Conservation, Remote Sensing, Sustainability
India and China lead the world in greening, and forest greening is widely read as a sign of recovery. Greenness, however, tracks foliage and says little about forest type or height. MODIS greening trends for 2001 to 2024 and a new 10 m map separating natural forest from plantations and tree crops showed that natural forest supplied 65% of South Asia's woody greening. Against least-disturbed [...]
A National Screening Framework for Critical Mineral Potential and Heavy Metal Hazard in U.S. Mine Waste
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Natural Resource Economics, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Other Earth Sciences
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Mine Waste Inventory (NMWI) Version 2.0 provides the first comprehensive national database of mine-waste features across the United States, but it does not directly evaluate their critical-mineral potential or environmental hazard. We linked 1,498 tailings, waste-rock, leach, and slag features at 343 sites to nearby public geochemical observations from [...]
How Greenland melts under cloudy and clear skies
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Glaciology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Power and Energy, Systems and Communications
Greenland ice loss has risen sharply since industrialization and will likely contribute 20 cm to sea level rise before 2100. On the highest emissions pathway the ice sheet could melt by the year 3000, submerging coasts by 7.2 meters. Greenland surface melt now dominates cryospheric mass loss. To constrain the driving processes of this melt, here we present high-fidelity surface observations of [...]
Cyclone--Anticyclone Asymmetry Organizes Local Energy Transfers during Mixed Layer Instability
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mixed layer instability (MLI) generates submesoscale fronts, filaments, and eddies, yet how cyclone--anticyclone asymmetry shapes the spatial distribution of energy transfers remains unclear. Ageostrophic convergence during frontal sharpening amplifies cyclonic vorticity, first producing a positively skewed vorticity distribution and later a cyclonically biased flow. We analyze a freely evolving [...]
GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STREAM SEDIMENTS IN PART OF GIDA KWANO CAMPUS, FUT, MINNA (ZUNGERU SHEET 163SE)
Published: 2026-11-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This geochemical study analyzes ten stream sediment samples from the Gidan Kwano area in Minna (Zungeru Sheet 163SE), located in North-Central Nigeria, to evaluate the region's geological history, mineral potential, and environmental characteristics. Geological mapping identified three distinct rock units: granite, granitoid, and diorite. Using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, the study [...]
Multi-temporal Canopy Height Modeling using Deep Learning and Sentinel-2: The Influence of Training Data and Input Feature Representations
Published: 2026-11-05
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geography, Remote Sensing
Precise information on canopy height is crucial to assess biomass and climate-induced structural changes within forests. Canopy height maps derived from optical satellite data can provide valuable wall-to-wall information, but often remain subject to substantial uncertainties. In this study, we systematically investigate the influence of training data and Sentinel-2 feature representations on the [...]
Global news reports reveal the human dimensions of water scarcity
Published: 2026-11-05
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Water scarcity has conventionally been estimated using hydrologic models that quantify pressure on water resources. Yet hydrologic stress does not necessarily translate into water shortages, as human adaptation can buffer physical constraints while infrastructure and institutional failures can create scarcity even where water is abundant. Here, we use large language models to identify news [...]
UpStream: A Modular, Metadata-First Architecture for Environmental Sensing During Intensive Observation Periods
Published: 2026-11-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Campaign-scale environmental sensing produces heterogeneous, high-frequency datasets that strain file- and portal-centric workflows and impede decision support. This paper presents UpStream, an API-first, metadata-supported, modular prototype for campaign-scale environmental sensor data. Co-designed with the SNIFFER air-quality laboratory, UpStream treats campaigns as first-class entities with [...]
Role of Reforestation in Reducing Landslide Risk in Galyat, Pakistan: A Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Temporal Analysis (2011–2025)
Published: 2026-11-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Landslides are among the most common natural hazards in mountainous regions, often resulting in loss of life, damage to infrastructure, and destruction of agricultural land. Forest cover plays an important role in slope stabilization, soil erosion control, and landslide-risk reduction; however, empirical evidence regarding this relationship in specific mountainous landscapes remains limited. This [...]