Preprints
There are 7728 Preprints listed.
Unlocking Historical Sea Level Records through Digitisation—A Review and Inventory
Published: 2026-09-28
Subjects: Life Sciences
Multi-decadal to centennial sea-level time series are essential for quantifying historic trends in mean and extreme sea levels, refining future projections, calibrating coastal models, and supporting coastal management and adaptation strategies. Data archaeology can increase the spatial coverage and length of timeseries through the recovery of historical observations from paper-based records. [...]
BEYOND PREDICTION: A RESEARCH AGENDA FOR ADVANCED AI IN AFRICAN SOIL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Published: 2026-09-28
Subjects: Computer and Systems Architecture, Dynamical Systems, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Soil Science, Sustainability
Digital soil mapping has produced the first continent-wide baseline estimates of soil properties in Africa, yet existing soil information systems remain fragmented, poorly standardized, and largely confined to static offline spatial prediction. Their ability to capture near-real-time soil conditions or provide timely, field-level decision support is therefore limited. This paper argues that the [...]
Propagation of the Storegga tsunami in the southeastern North Sea
Published: 2026-09-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Numerical simulations of the 8150 BP Storegga slide event in the Norwegian Sea are necessary for understanding both landslide dynamics and tsunami propagation. Here we focus on the southern North Sea, South East of Dogger Bank, and the shores of Denmark and Germany where there have been reports of Storegga tsunami deposits. We simulate the slide using a recently developed cohesive landslide model [...]
The June 2026 Socorro swarm: A reactivation of rift-parallel normal faults above the Socorro Magma Body
Published: 2026-09-28
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
In June 2026 an earthquake swarm of maximum local magnitude (ML) 3.9, comprising 425 matched-filter detections, occurred in the central Rio Grande rift about 45 km north of Socorro, New Mexico, above the northern margin of the Socorro Magma Body (SMB). This setting makes a magmatic or fluid origin the natural hypothesis. We test this hypothesis against the source physics, comparing the swarm with [...]
Evaluating Cross-Country Generalization of Deep Learning-Based Flood Mapping Using Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 Imagery
Published: 2026-09-28
Subjects: Other Computer Sciences
Benchmark performance in flood mapping does not reliably predict how a model will behave in a new country. This paper tests that directly. Using the Sen1Floods11 dataset, we evaluate twelve model configurations—two architectures (Vanilla U-Net and ResNet34-encoder U-Net) across three sensing modalities (Sentinel-1 SAR, Sentinel-2 augmented with NDWI and MNDWI spectral indices, and multimodal [...]
Where do slopes fail in Rudraprayag? A small-inventory landslide susceptibility study, and how evaluation choices change the answer
Published: 2026-09-27
Subjects: Education
Rudraprayag district in the Garhwal Himalaya (Uttarakhand, India) is highly landslide-prone and lies on the pilgrimage route to Kedarnath. No landslide inventory was accessible for this study, so I built a preliminary one semi-automatically: bare, steep patches detected in Sentinel-2 imagery were verified one by one on high-resolution imagery, giving 38 landslides. I trained random forests on [...]
Climate Sensitivity from 21st-Century Trends in Earth's Energy Imbalance
Published: 2026-09-26
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate
Earth's energy imbalance has increased rapidly since continuous satellite observations began in 2001, raising concern that equilibrium climate sensitivity may be higher than in recent assessments. Here we use energy-budget trends over 2006–2024 to estimate climate sensitivity in a Bayesian framework, accounting for uncertainty in observations, forcing, variability, and pattern effects. Climate [...]
Physics, Ecology, Mathematics and Engineering of the Negawatt Economy: A Formal Architecture for Verified Energy Conservation
Published: 2026-09-26
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The contribution is a formal issuance architecture for verified energy conservation. The Negawatt (NWT) is the registry denomination of that conservation: one NWT equals one megawatt-hour (1 MWh) accepted under Proof of Conservation. In this paper, energy conservation means measured and verified avoided energy use relative to an adjusted baseline; it does not mean the First-Law [...]
Hidden periodicity in LiDAR point-count rasters
Published: 2026-09-26
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
LiDAR point-count rasters can contain regular stripes that are not present in the surveyed scene. They arise when the fixed step on which LAS files store coordinates, often 1 cm, interacts with the grid used to count points. We identify three mechanisms, grid mismatch, floating-point boundary rounding and uneven filling of stored positions, predict where each pattern appears and how strong it is, [...]
Three thresholds and a computer-assisted phase diagram for the spectral stability of periodic hydroelastic Whitham waves
Published: 2026-09-26
Subjects: Glaciology, Non-linear Dynamics, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Partial Differential Equations
We study the spectral stability of 2π-periodic travelling waves of the hydroelastic Whitham equation, a scalar model with the full linear dispersion relation of water waves under a thin elastic sheet (e.g. a floating ice cover), as a function of the flexural rigidity T. Besides the modulational cluster at the origin, the zero-amplitude spectrum has, on an interval of T, a collision of opposite [...]
Interface Habitats: An Integrated Observing Strategy for Earth’s Most Dynamic and Consequential Aquatic Boundaries
Published: 2026-09-26
Subjects: Biodiversity, Climate, Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
One line, no hard line breaks — safe to copy and paste: Interface Habitats – the dynamic boundaries where water meets land, the seafloor, the atmosphere, and ice, and where fronts, eddies, and filaments draw comparably sharp boundaries within the water itself – are among Earth's most productive, diverse, and rapidly changing ecosystems, and the site of most human interaction with aquatic [...]
Transient Events: A Rapid-Response, Multi-Platform Observing Strategy for Detecting and Understanding Abrupt Change in Aquatic Ecosystems
Published: 2026-09-26
Subjects: Biochemistry, Biodiversity, Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Extremes, not average conditions, increasingly govern the state of aquatic ecosystems and the risks they carry for people. Events far outside normal variability can reshape ecosystem structure and function within hours to weeks, and both the observational record and climate projections indicate such extremes are growing more frequent, more intense, and longer lasting. Whether an extreme becomes a [...]
Leveraging Ocean Data and Models: Building the Data Infrastructure, Workforce, and Modeling Capacity to Synthesize Earth’s Ocean Observations
Published: 2026-09-26
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate, Computer Sciences, Databases and Information Systems, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Geology, Hydrology, Meteorology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Other Earth Sciences, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
NASA’s aquatic and marine research enterprise within the overarching NASA Biosphere Program is entering an era of unprecedented data abundance. MODIS and the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission already generate ocean color data at rates that strain legacy processing and archiving workflows, and forthcoming missions will add further volume and complexity. These satellite [...]
Carbon and the Elements of Life: Integrated Observing and Modeling of Marine Biological Carbon Cycles
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biodiversity, Biogeochemistry, Biology, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The global ocean acts as a massive reservoir for carbon dioxide, establishing ocean biogeochemistry as a primary driver of global carbon distributions [1-3]. This dynamic system is mediated by living organisms that cycle carbon and other elements through the ocean interior and air-sea interface, and is already being altered by warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and shifting nutrient supply [...]
The Influence of Large-Scale Weather Patterns on Potential Wind Energy Fields over Mexico
Published: 2026-09-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Statistics and Probability
The assessment of wind energy resources in large regions presents a substantial challenge for energy system operators due to the intricacies involved in accurately describing all atmospheric circulation patterns and, even more so, modeling their inherent dynamics. This research primarily aimed to identify the prevailing synoptic weather patterns over continental Mexico and its surrounding [...]