Preprints
There are 6952 Preprints listed.
Geodynamic Model Description for Ptolemy’s Germania Magna
Published: 2026-05-13
Subjects: Analysis, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Dynamical Systems, Dynamic Systems, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Mathematics, Other Applied Mathematics, Other Astrophysics and Astronomy, Other Earth Sciences, Other Planetary Sciences, Planetary Geology, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, The Sun and the Solar System, Volcanology
This model proposes that the well-documented geodynamic and climatic disruption of the 6th century AD involved a reactivation of the ancient Caledonian Deformation Front (CDF) and the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), most likely triggered by cosmic events in the form of impacts or airbursts. Large-scale inversion tectonics, driven by Alpine compressive forces, are argued to have caused [...]
Orthomagmatic Ni-Cu-Au-PGE mineralisation in Ireland and Northern Ireland: A review of historic exploration and future prospectivity
Published: 2026-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology
Platinum group elements (PGEs) are essential constituents in established and emerging green technologies, yet European supply is dominated by a small number of very large deposits, necessitating the identification of alternative domestic sources. Most economic mineralisation is associated with orthomagmatic Ni-Cu-Au-PGE systems, where chalcophile elements are concentrated within sulphide minerals [...]
A Blueprint for Integrated Climate Intelligence
Published: 2026-05-13
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Planetary Sciences, Sustainability
Climate information is advancing faster than the decision systems designed to use it. Emergency response operates on timescales of hours, whereas societal adaptation unfolds over decades. Yet climate science, impact assessment and policy remain poorly integrated, limiting coherent action across timescales. We argue that artificial intelligence should be developed not only as a domain-specific [...]
ENSO-conditioned evolution of global mean surface temperature
Published: 2026-05-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Here we examined how the June--May trajectory of global mean surface temperature (GMST) can be anticipated from recent GMST evolution and upcoming boreal winter Ni\~no-3.4 values. Principal component analysis and dimension reduction of the data led to a simple, interpretable model in which the June--May monthly GMST trajectory is conditioned on two quantities: the average GMST of the prior 12 [...]
Causal analyses reveal changing land-atmosphere patterns and soil moisture control under warming
Published: 2026-05-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology
Climate change is projected to modify the global water cycle and land-atmosphere interactions. However, warming-induced changes in multivariate dependence remain insufficiently explored. Here we examine the interdependence among temperature, precipitable water, precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, and runoff in all five earth system models within the latest IPCC CMIP6 ensembles that [...]
Episodic slowdown of global warming by a multi-year La Niña
Published: 2026-05-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Global mean surface temperature (GMST), which has continued to rise due to the anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing, is closely related to the sea surface temperature variability in the tropical Pacific. In particular, GMST is known to increase during a strong and short-lived El Niño. By contrast, the global cooling effect of a weak and long-lived La Niña remains underexplored, particularly that [...]
Forty+ Years of Post-Earthquake Reconnaissance: Methodological Evolution Across Three Phases of EEFIT Activity
Published: 2026-05-12
Subjects: Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Over four decades, the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) has undertaken around 50 missions in around 35 countries, evolving from a structural-engineering field programme into a hybrid platform integrating fieldwork, remote sensing, community-based data collection, and longitudinal return studies. Founded in 1982 as a joint venture between UK academic institutions and the [...]
Improving Learning and Science Outcomes in The Reservoir Observer Student Scientists (ROSS) Program Through Reflection and Skill Building Exercises
Published: 2026-05-12
Subjects: Education, Life Sciences
The Reservoir Observer Student Scientists (ROSS) program engages high school students in year-round water quality monitoring to detect and understand cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs). This place-based participatory science program combines hands-on sampling, data analysis, and reflective learning to foster scientific literacy and contribute to environmental research. A mid-year [...]
Can Hyperscale Data Centers Alter Local Meteorology in the Kathmandu Valley? A Simulation-Based Assessment
Published: 2026-05-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
There is growing interest in Nepal in hosting large data centers inside the Kathmandu Valley, but how the valley’s atmosphere would respond to substantial additional heat emissions remains uncertain. The Kathmandu Valley is a closed bowl-shaped basin surrounded by mountains, with persistent nocturnal cold pools and weak boundary-layer winds that limit the dispersal of pollutants and heat from the [...]
Assembly areas as urban infrastructure: disaster governance, spatial equity, and the protection of public open space in seismically exposed cities
Published: 2026-05-11
Subjects: Engineering, Physical and Environmental Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Disaster assembly areas - designated open spaces where populations gather following a major earthquake - represent a critical but neglected component of urban resilience infrastructure. Using Istanbul as a primary case study, this Perspective examines how assembly area provision has been systematically eroded through routine planning decisions made outside the disaster management apparatus. Our [...]
Hot orogen behaviour, partial melting and ductile flow: Case study of the Damara Orogen, Namibia
Published: 2026-05-11
Subjects: Tectonics and Structure
The Damara Orogen in Namibia preserves an exceptional record of Neoproterozoic–Cambrian continent–continent collision during Gondwana assembly. It provides a natural laboratory suitable for testing thermomechanical models of hot orogens. We integrate regional-scale structural mapping from satellite imagery and aeromagnetic data with published lithostratigraphic, metamorphic, magmatic, and [...]
Current deformation in Hispaniola from InSAR--derived surface velocities
Published: 2026-05-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The oblique convergence between the Caribbean and North American plates is accommodated, in Hispaniola, by left-lateral strike-slip on two major left--lateral fault systems and by intra-arc shortening. We apply a Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSInSAR) approach to Sentinel-1 data using six tracks acquired between 2016 and 2023 to generate time series of interseismic velocities over the [...]
Adaptive Turbine Replacement Improves Hydropower Flexibility in a Changing Climate
Published: 2026-05-11
Subjects: Engineering
Hydropower Plants (HP) will operate under new conditions as water regimes shift, reservoir operating rules evolve, and the grid requires flexible balancing of wind and solar. HP turbine systems are traditionally designed to operate at the highest efficiency within narrow ranges of flow and reservoir levels while deviations from design conditions can degrade HP efficiency and trigger failures, [...]
A Foundational Synthesis of Ecosystem Services Knowledge to Critically Assess and Structure Their Integration into Life Cycle Impact Assessment
Published: 2026-05-11
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment
Purpose: The integration of ecosystem services in life cycle assessment has gained increasing attention. Its operationalization remains limited and inconsistent, particularly within the impact assessment phase. This study provides the first comprehensive and structured critical review that bridges foundational ecosystem services knowledge with life cycle assessment modeling needs. Method: We [...]
Engineered Closed-Loop Mineral Storage (ECLMS): A Conceptual Korean CCS Model Bridging Ex-situ Mineralization and Geological Storage
Published: 2026-05-11
Subjects: Engineering
The expansion of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) has sharpened global expectations for permanence, traceability, and accounting integrity in carbon capture and storage (CCS). At the same time, several major industrial economies — including the Republic of Korea, Japan, and parts of Southeast Asia — face a structural deficit of [...]