Preprints
There are 7033 Preprints listed.
HydroModelSpec: Toward Standardized Machine Learning Model Exchange in Hydrology
Published: 2026-05-30
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Software Engineering
The rapid growth of deep learning models for hydrological forecasting (e.g., CNNs, LSTMs, Transformers) has created a fragmented ecosystem where trained models remain tied to their original frameworks, environments, and institutions. Despite substantial investments in model development, the hydrological community lacks a generalized structure for packaging models with their architecture, training [...]
Awareness and Action: An Exploration Between Public Perception and Space Industry Priorities Regarding Sustainability
Published: 2026-05-30
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Nature and Society Relations, Sustainability
As issues regarding sustainability continue to grow more urgent and prevalent to everyday life, it is important to recognize whether society fully understands what is occurring. The low earth orbit is at threat of overcongestion, and the environment is experiencing higher rates of pollution due to rocket launches, calling for the need for the government and public to engage in this issue. [...]
R-critical constraints on relamination efficiency: The role of mechanical coupling in continental crust recycling
Published: 2026-05-30
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Relamination—the reincorporation of deeply subducted continental crust into the overriding plate—has been proposed as a major mechanism for continental growth and differentiation. While numerical models and high-pressure experiments demonstrate the thermochemical feasibility of this process, a fundamental question remains: under what mechanical conditions is relamination sufficiently efficient to [...]
ENSO Modulation of the Amazonian Low-Level Jet: More Moisture, Less Rain, and the Role of Land Surface Reception
Published: 2026-05-30
Subjects: Climate, Hydrology, Meteorology
The Amazonian Low-Level Jet (ALLJ) carries moisture from the tropical Atlantic coast into the basin interior, sustaining wet-season convection. Here we analyze 45 years of ERA5 reanalysis (1979–2023), 44 years of CHIRPS precipitation (1981–2024), GRACE terrestrial water storage (2002–2025), and SMAP root-zone soil moisture (2015–2024) to determine how ENSO modulates this transport pathway and its [...]
Future Strengthening of North Atlantic Anthropogenic Carbon Transport Despite AMOC Weakening
Published: 2026-05-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The North Atlantic is a major hotspot for the uptake, accumulation, and storage of anthropogenic carbon (Canth), processes that are closely linked to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). However, the role of ocean transport in driving this accumulation remains poorly constrained, leading to uncertainty in future carbon uptake and circulation changes under climate forcing. CMIP6 [...]
Unequal weather exposure across teams and groups at the 2026 FIFA World Cup: an event-based analysis using hourly reanalysis
Published: 2026-05-30
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Studies, Human Geography
The connection between climate change and sports is evident, as sports contribute to environmental challenges, while climate change impacts the conditions for playing, organizing, and enjoying sports. In professional football, heat, humidity, rain, wind, and insufficient recovery time at night can influence player health, physical stress, and game performance. Evaluations of the 2026 FIFA World [...]
An adaptive hybrid model for wildfire front forecasting based on cellular automata, multi-agent UAV observations, and binary data assimilation: A case study of the 2021 Dixie Fire
Published: 2026-05-30
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This study presents a retrospective case-study evaluation of a hybrid framework for daily wildfire-front forecasting during the 2021 Dixie Fire in California, USA. The framework couples a stochastic cellular automaton (CA) with a multi-agent system (MAS) of simulated UAV observations and a lightweight binary data-assimilation scheme. The model uses topography, vegetation, fuel proxies, and [...]
A Petrographic P-Axis as an Independent State Coordinate of Coal Organic Matter: Decoupling of Organic Sulfur and Inorganic Fe–S Subsystems
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study proposes an architectural framework for coal organic matter in which geochemical behavior emerges from the interaction of partially independent subsystems rather than from a single maturity or redox gradient. Using a globally compiled coal dataset, we introduce the P-axis—a petrographic coordinate derived exclusively from the balance between gelified and tissue-preserved vitrinite [...]
Hydrogen and CO₂ Co-Storage in Mature Reservoirs: A New Frontier for the Energy Transition
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Engineering
The shift towards low-carbon energy systems necessitates large-scale strategies for managing carbon dioxide (CO₂) and storing renewable energy. Geological formations beneath the Earth's surface, which have been traditionally utilized in the petroleum sector for extracting hydrocarbons, present considerable potential for energy transition technologies like geological carbon storage (CCS) and [...]
A benchmark deep learning dataset for the classification of supraglacial lake drainage mechanism across the central-west Greenland Ice Sheet
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Supraglacial lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet drain through physically distinct pathways: hydrofracture, moulins, lateral stream routing, and crevasse-fields. Each drainage mechanism carries unique implications for ice sheet dynamics. Existing automated classifications reduce each lake's drainage behavior to a time-series of scalar values representing the observed water surface-area and classify [...]
Resolving the SAI Trilemma with a Novel Core–Shell Mineral Aerosol: DoloSil-20, a Silica-Passivated Dolomite Architecture for Simultaneous Optical Efficiency, Thermal Neutrality, and Ozone Safety
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Conventional stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) strategies based on liquid sulfate aerosols (H2SO4.H2O) introduce well-documented risks of catalytic ozone destruction and stratospheric near-infrared heating. From a materials-science perspective, the core challenge is one of multi-objective material selection: identifying a particle composition that simultaneously optimizes optical performance, [...]
NOVEL & RAPID PROCESSING OF UAS IMAGERY FOR TARGETED CYANOBACTERIAL HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM SAMPLING
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are an efficient way to monitor and sample algal biomass including cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs). However, conventional methods to create a UAS orthophoto of homogeneous water surfaces often produce a patchy, smoothed, or spatially inaccurate output. In this study, we developed a novel method to interpolate a spectral index from a central pixel in [...]
Fluid Flow Induced by Seismic Waves in Fractures
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Physics
A theoretical and numerical analysis is presented on the squeezed film of an incompressible fluid between two parallel fracture walls induced by seismic waves at normal incidence. In the frame of small oscillations, a closed form of the fluid pressure changes along with the fracture, and the fluid velocity field distribution is proposed. The developed analytical solutions are valid for any [...]
ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION AND SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF MERCURY AND LEAD OVER THE LAST 150 YEARS IN HIGHLAND PEATLANDS OF SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Published: 2026-05-29
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry
Trace elements like mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) are major global pollutants subject to long-range atmospheric transport, posing a threat for human and environmental health at a global scale. Both have a great affinity with organic matter and show limited mobility in soils under stable environmental conditions. Therefore, peatlands efficiently trap and act as reliable archives of changes in [...]
Lunar Formation by Triple Phase Transition in the Differentiating Proto-Earth
Published: 2026-05-28
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Physics, Planetary Sciences, The Sun and the Solar System
The origin of the Moon remains one of the open questions of planetary science. The canonical giant impact model (Theia collision) predicts neither the near-isotopic identity of Earth and Moon, nor the crustal dichotomy, nor the ≈ 300 Myr delay of the terrestrial dynamo. The synestia model faces the same limitations. This work is conceptually distinct from both: it requires no external impactor, [...]