Preprints
There are 7228 Preprints listed.
Pixel-Level Urban Housing-Price Mapping Based on AlphaEarth Foundations: Evidence from 36 Chinese Cities
Published: 2026-07-04
Subjects: Computer Engineering, Computer Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Human Geography, Remote Sensing
This study develops and validates a multi-source modelling framework for continuous, pixel-level urban housing-price mapping using surface embeddings from AlphaEarth Foundations (AEF). Pixel-level labels calibrated against multi-source market data are constructed for 288 city–year samples across 36 Chinese cities (2017–2024), and AEF’s 64-dimensional, 10 m annual surface embeddings are [...]
Rapid Estimation of Soil Profile Arsenic Content and Identification of Substitute Indicators Using Random Forest: A Case Study of Nenjiang City, China
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Direct measurement of soil arsenic (As) requires complex analytical procedures, motivating the development of predictive methods based on readily measurable indicators. This study systematically analyzed 50 geochemical indicators using 204 soil samples collected from 69 sampling sites across a 0–500 cm depth profile in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province. A random forest (RF) algorithm was [...]
Investigating the Formation Conditions of Evaporitic Chloride, Carbonate, and Sulfate Paragenetic Assemblages on Early Mars
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Planetary Geochemistry, Planetary Sciences
Aqueous alteration minerals, such as chlorides, carbonates, and sulfates, have been discovered on the surface of Mars by both orbital and in situ rover observations. Alteration minerals require liquid water for their formation and can place critical constraints on the geochemistry of the aqueous systems in which they are formed. Primary mineralization facilitated by evaporation of weathering [...]
From linguistic evaluation to mechanistic verification: testing LLM-generated farm recommendations
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Agriculture, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Life Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Biogeochemistry, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Research Methods in Life Sciences, Soil Science, Sustainability
Large language models (LLM) are increasingly used to generate farm-management advice, but their biophysical consequences remain largely unverified. We introduce a process-based verification framework that combines management portfolios generated by ChatGPT and Claude with the process-based model LandscapeDNDC across 11 contrasting agroecosystems. The LLMs produced agronomically plausible [...]
SWMMCanada: An Open-Source Service for Generating Ready-to-Run Urban Drainage Models Across Canada
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computational Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydrology, Software Engineering
Urban stormwater modelling is often slowed more by data preparation than by the simulation itself, because rainfall, terrain, land cover, soil, and pipe network data usually come from different agencies, formats, projections, and data structures. This software paper presents SWMMCanada, an open source and standardized model building service that makes Canadian urban hydrological modelling easier [...]
Transformer-based Reconstruction of Canopy Profiles from Large-Footprint Waveform LiDAR
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Spaceborne laser scanning (SLS) presents a cost-effective means for frequent, global-scale monitoring of forest ecosystem parameters. Compared to airborne laser scanning (ALS), SLS offers substantially greater spatial coverage and revisit frequency, but at the cost of larger footprints, sparser sampling, and attenuated return signals. These constraints typically result in a loss of fine-scale [...]
East-west Variability of Sea Level in the Red Sea
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The sea level changes and associated physical processes are not explored well compared to other parts of the world. In the present study, the sea level variability in the Red Sea is investigated with the help of more than two and half decades of remote sensing observations from satellite altimetry. Considering the east–west difference in sea level, the study revealed the presence of a persistent [...]
Climate-Induced Risk to Food Security in Two Indian Indigenous Communities: Evaluating Impact and Associations Through Community Perception
Published: 2026-07-03
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Food systems across low- and middle-income countries remain inadequately equipped to anticipate climate-sensitive risks, particularly among indigenous and ecologically dependent populations. While climate change impacts are frequently linked to food security, attention needs to be paid to how communities experience climate stressors in their food systems. Our study examines perceived climate [...]
A Multi-Pathway Contamination Risk Model for Niger Delta Communities: Integrating Hydrocarbon Load, Heavy Metal Exposure, and Vegetation Stress Indices from Heterogeneous Observational Data
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
The Niger Delta is one of the most petroleum-impacted environments in the world, yet spatially explicit contamination risk assessments that integrate multiple exposure pathways remain scarce. This study presents a Composite Risk Score (CRS) model that fuses heavy metal soil and water measurements from nine peer-reviewed studies, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) data from the 2011 UNEP [...]
Field-scale soil moisture over Hungary under non-stationary drought transfer: a unified account across surface, region, and depth
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Soil Science
Three questions decide whether a satellite-driven soil-moisture estimator is fit for operational drought monitoring over a heterogeneous country: how accurately can the surface layer be recovered, whether the controlling processes differ across the landscape, and how far the surface signal reaches into the profile that actually matters for plants and recharge. The program began with a national [...]
Multi-scale measurements and temporally resolved modeling of methane emissions at natural gas distribution stations
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Methane (CH4) emissions from natural gas distribution stations are not well characterized by measurements, contributing to uncertainty in urban emissions inventories and mitigation strategies. We conducted a multi-scale, multi-temporal study of four distribution stations in Calgary, Alberta, combining component- and facility-level measurements with modeling to quantify, attribute, and compare [...]
A multi-indicator framework for assessing the likelihood of ENSO impacts across southern Africa
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant source of seasonal predictability for Southern Africa, yet operational guidance rarely conveys which agriculturally relevant variables it can skillfully predict, or where ENSO impacts are most likely. We present an operational analysis framework that converts an ENSO state, classified by phase and strength, into gridded, analogue-composite [...]
Earth Science Education for Community Preparedness: Place-Based Approaches to Climate, Water, and Natural Hazards in K-12 Schools
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Science and Mathematics Education
This manuscript presents a K-12 Earth science education framework that connects place-based geoscience learning with community preparedness. Earth science education is positioned as a practical pathway for helping students understand weather, climate, water systems, landforms, natural hazards, and human interactions with Earth systems. Drawing on scholarship and guidance from geoscience [...]
Dynamic physiology broadens the molecular composition of kelp-derived dissolved organic matter exported to the coastal ocean
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Life Sciences
Metabolites are exuded by marine primary producers and contribute to the pool of dissolved organic matter that structures the ecology and biogeochemistry of marine ecosystems. In the coastal ocean, macroalgae such as kelps fix inorganic carbon via photosynthesis and release a fraction of that carbon as dissolved organic matter. In this study, we characterized the exo-metabolome of the globally [...]
Capturing Time-Resolved Prescribed Fire Emissions with TEMPO Special Observations
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Prescribed fires are widely used for land management in the United States, but their emissions remain difficult to quantify due to their small spatial extent and short duration. We present here the first demonstration that high-resolution "special observations" from the TEMPO geostationary instrument resolve sub-hourly nitrogen dioxide NO2 column enhancements from individual prescribed fires in [...]