Preprints
There are 8060 Preprints listed.
Historical capacity and storage of managed water reservoirs in Spain (1988-2026): A standardized relational dataset
Published: 2026-11-15
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Long-term empirical baselines of water storage are critical for evaluating drought resilience, climate change impacts, and agricultural stress. However, historical hydrological records are frequently siloed in proprietary or high-friction formats. Here we present a continuous, harmonized, and relational Star Schema dataset of managed water reservoirs in Spain spanning nearly four decades [...]
Estimating bounds on coherent acceleration and velocity pulses from video-recorded rocking of vehicles in Caraballeda during the Mw 7.5 Venezuela earthquake
Published: 2026-11-15
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Structural Engineering, Tectonics and Structure
The lack of accelerograms in the heavily damaged coastal towns of La Guaira state north of Caracas to record the motions of the Mw7.5 earthquake motivate the present inverse analyses to estimate plausible ranges of coherent ground-velocity and acceleration pulse amplitudes at a particular coastal site. To this end, we utilize an exceptionally revealing video recorded by two CCTV stations during [...]
Compound drought and heat exposure and lean-season food insecurity in Zimbabwe: agro-ecological heterogeneity in a 2009-2025 district panel
Published: 2026-11-15
Subjects: Agriculture
Food security early warning in sub-Saharan Africa relies entirely on rainfall, although co-occurring hazards can produce impacts larger than the sum of their separate effects. Researchers have rarely applied compound-event framing to African food security outcomes, but harmonized sub-national data now make it testable.We test whether co-occurring growing-season moisture deficit and heat predict [...]
One-dimensional model equations for unsteady axisymmetric free-boundary potential flow in porous media
Published: 2026-11-15
Subjects: Analysis, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
This paper deals with the derivation of one-dimensional model equations for unsteady axisymmetric free-boundary potential flow in saturated, homogeneous and isotropic porous media. An approximation of the irrotational and solenoidal velocity field, obtained by means of a Picard iteration, is employed to derive a momentum equation accounting for vertical-flow effects. The model is completed by the [...]
Saline surface water across the southern Norfolk and Suffolk Broads during August 2026: field observations and drought-conditioned comparisons
Published: 2026-11-15
Subjects: Hydrology, Oceanography, Other Environmental Sciences
Saltwater entering tidal rivers can affect freshwater habitats and water use, but high salinity during drought is not necessarily historically unusual. This regional case study compares 36 surface-water observations from the southern Norfolk and Suffolk Broads on 16 to 20 August 2026 with historical chemistry and flow- and tide-conditioned models. Salinity varied substantially between places and [...]
Scenario-Based Assessment and Modeling in the Ili–Balkhash River Basin
Published: 2026-11-15
Subjects: Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Water scarcity in transboundary river basins is increasingly driven by interacting climatic, hydrological, and anthropogenic pressures. The Ili–Balkhash River Basin, a vulnerable endorheic system in Central Asia, is particularly sensitive to changes in transboundary Ili River inflow, which directly affects downstream water availability and the hydrological condition of Lake Balkhash. Although [...]
Real-time AI-Assisted Forecasting of Reservoir Capacity Across the United States
Published: 2026-11-15
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Databases and Information Systems, Hydrology, Sedimentology, Water Resource Management
Reservoir sedimentation progressively reduces storage capacity, threatening water supply, flood control, hydropower, and ecosystem services across the United States. However, systematic sedimentation monitoring remains sparse, limiting the feasibility of national scale assessment using traditional methods. This study develops a web-based end to end data driven framework for evaluating reservoir [...]
GRIDWELL Atlas: a self-updating screen to find the abandoned oil and gas wells best placed to add Enhanced Geothermal System electricity to the U.S. grid
Published: 2026-11-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Natural Resource Economics, Natural Resources and Conservation, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Other Engineering, Power and Energy
Drilling is the largest single cost of geothermal electricity, and the United States already has about 4.1 million abandoned oil and gas wells. However, the potential of these wells for Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) has been screened at each well's own depth only for documented orphaned wells. Earlier screens treated orphaned wells as a separate population, although an orphaned well is an [...]
Is 50.0 °C possible in West Athens?
Published: 2026-11-15
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Monitoring, Meteorology
We examine summer daily maximum temperature differentials across nine stations in West Athens (Thriasio Plain), where historical peaks reached 48.0 °C (July 1977, all-time European mainland record), 47.5 °C (June 2007, European June record), and 47.0 °C (July 1973). Although the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ratified 48.8 °C in Sicily (2021), a reading currently under metrological [...]
Inverse Energy Cascade and the Upscale Cellular Growth of Stratocumulus Clouds
Published: 2026-11-14
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Stratocumulus clouds are shallow convective clouds that exhibit mesoscale cellular organisation, with cell sizes of about 25--30 times the boundary-layer depth. Yet the physical processes controlling this large and robust aspect ratio remain unclear. Here we investigate this question using large-eddy simulations (LES) that reproduce the diurnal cycle of marine stratocumulus. The simulations show [...]
Increasing national annual rainfall alongside trends in Kenya’s equatorial bimodal rainy seasons and recurrent lower-tail years, 2000–2024: dependence-aware analysis with exploratory 1991–1999 context
Published: 2026-11-14
Subjects: Research Methods in Life Sciences
National annual rainfall trends can conceal seasonal changes relevant to water availability and climate-sensitive health risks. This study examined whether increasing national rainfall in Kenya was reflected consistently across its two principal rainy seasons, March–May (MAM) and October–December (OND), and whether seasonal lower-tail years coincided. The analysis covered 2000–2024, with [...]
Labels, Thresholds and the Reference Itself: Evaluating Sentinel-1 Flood Segmentation Against Copernicus EMS Maps, with a Preregistered Blind Test
Published: 2026-11-14
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology, Remote Sensing
Flood-segmentation models for Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are usually ranked by cross-validation on benchmark chips whose labels share sensors, dates and definitions with the model inputs. We measure how far such scores carry to operational reference maps, what limits them there, and whether adapting a model to the reference helps. The reference is Copernicus Emergency Management [...]
Embedding Probabilistic Pore Occupancy into Soil Hydraulic Models
Published: 2026-11-14
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science
Conventional soil hydraulic models describe unsaturated water retention and conductivity by assuming that water occupies the smallest pores, i.e., lower-energy pores. The author introduces a statistical pore occupancy framework to quantify the pore states by a pore distribution, retrieved from the retention function, allowing statistical inference of pore state conditions. The framework [...]
Anisotropy and redundancy governing undrained cyclic stress paths: closed-form modelling and micromechanical interpretation
Published: 2026-11-14
Subjects: Geotechnical Engineering
The undrained cyclic shear behaviour of sand leading to liquefaction cannot be predicted solely by traditional stress-dilatancy theories based on density and stress state; accounting for fabric, the microscopic structure of granular soils, is essential. This study develops a closed-form micromechanical model predicting increments in shear stress and mean effective stress during undrained cyclic [...]
Comparative Hydrodynamic Simulation and Field-Based Validation of an Extreme Urban Flood Event in Southern Bali
Published: 2026-11-13
Subjects: Engineering
A severe rainstorm on 9–10 September 2025 inundated Denpasar City, Badung Regency, and Gianyar Regency in South Bali, causing 15 fatalities across 188 reported locations. This study simulates the event over 14 sub-catchments (1,146 km²) with HEC-RAS 2D and compares two rainfall inputs: a lumped upstream boundary hydrograph based on Snyder’s synthetic unit hydrograph (Method A) and watershed-scale [...]