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Preprints

There are 7703 Preprints listed.

Pathogen releases due to inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure in small-town Alabama

Olivia August Harmon, Megan E.J. Lott, Riley Johnson, et al.

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Engineering, Public Health

Residents of the Alabama Black Belt lack safe and reliable wastewater treatment. Health risks of inadequate treatment are well-established, community-level contamination alone cannot characterize how sanitation failures translate into exposure risks, and few studies have identified pathogens associated with exposure. We surveyed of sanitation-related pathogen releases in a small town in Hale [...]

Co-production as a mechanism for long-term Nature-based Solution viability: evidence from urban biofilters in an informal settlement of the Global South

Barbara Marion Gomez, Camila Saveika, Rodrigo Sinistro, et al.

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Life Sciences

Assessing the long-term viability of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in vulnerable urban contexts remains a major methodological challenge. Existing assessment frameworks primarily emphasize technical performance while giving limited attention to physical device survival and the continuity of the socio-technical arrangements required to sustain interventions over time. This study develops and [...]

Subvolcanic magma pathways in transtensional regimes; AMS and structural evidence from SE Iceland

Vincent Twomey, William McCarthy, Craig Magee, et al.

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study presents an integrated analysis of magmatic and tectonic strain data recorded within and around the Reyðarártindur intrusion, southeast Iceland, combining anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) with UAV-based fracture mapping. Thermomagnetic experiments and petrography confirm AMS fabrics capture magmatic-state strain, defining a consistent NNE–SSW magnetic lineation with [...]

A Probabilistic Catastrophe Risk Model for Site-Specific Tropical Cyclone Loss Quantification

Kunal J. Rathore

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Quantifying the financial risk posed by landfalling tropical cyclones requires statistical methods that extend beyond the limits of a short and non-stationary historical observational record. This paper presents the mathematical formulation of an open, modular probabilistic catastrophe risk model for site-specific tropical cyclone loss estimation, structured around the four components used [...]

Evaluation of CMIP6 model performance against GHCND station observations across Asian cities

Benjamin Goodsell

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Climate

Models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) are commonly used to infer future atmospheric temperatures across the world, including in Asia. This region is warming at an alarming rate, and home to some of the world's most populated countries and many of its most populated, fastest-growing and most heat-vulnerable cities. CMIP models are not always checked against local city-scale [...]

Ambient Noise Surface-Wave Polarization in Anisotropic Media: Theory, Measurement, and Interpretation

Xiongwei Liu, Michael H Ritzwoller

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We develop an adiabatic theory and practical methodology for measuring quasi-Rayleigh and quasi-Love polarization from the complete ambient noise cross-correlation tensor. The formulation allows the polarization parameters at both stations of a pair to be estimated jointly and, under sufficiently adiabatic propagation, interpreted in terms of local anisotropic structure at those locations. A new [...]

Hydrogeology and Water Quality of the Unconsolidated Aquifer System in the Lower Fall Creek Valley, Tompkins County, New York

Josh Woda, Brandon Graham, William Kappel, et al.

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Tompkins County and the Town of Dryden, conducted a hydrogeologic investigation of the lower Fall Creek unconsolidated aquifer system in Tompkins County, New York. This study is part of an ongoing effort to characterize major valley-fill aquifers in the region to support sustainable groundwater management. The lower Fall Creek valley, encompassing [...]

Intensifying salinity intrusion in the Barataria Basin, 2010 to 2026: a coastward gradient in the rate of change

Aaron Wang

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

The Barataria Basin, a shallow microtidal estuary in coastal Louisiana, has lost a substantial part of its wetland area and is exposed to increasing salinity intrusion as the Mississippi River remains leveed and relative sea level rises. Salinity conditions in this basin have been described, but whether the rate at which salinity changes varies spatially across the basin has not yet been [...]

Methodological and conceptual shortcomings of MEECC limit its transparency and policy relevance

Roberto Schaeffer, Marina Andrijevic, Jarmo Kikstra, et al.

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Kanitkar, Jayaraman & Lavanyaa (KJL from here on) introduce the Model for Energy Equity and Climate Compatibility (MEECC_V.1), an analytical tool positioned as an alternative integrated assessment framework. MEECC is intended to facilitate the construction of scenarios to operationalize climate-compatibility, equity, and feasibility. The attention to the development-mitigation nexus and [...]

New mapping along Ishtar Terra margins: use and limits of Magellan SAR data for testing Venus crustal plateau formation models

Hiu Ching Jupiter Hansen, Alex Webb, Joseph R. Michalski, et al.

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The origins of crustal plateaus on Venus are poorly understood. Several formation models have been proposed, including four previously explored models: downwelling, upwelling, pulsating continents, and bolide impact models; as well as a waning heat-pipe model. Key predictions which vary across models include surface deformation, marginal deformation, and the tessera-plain onlapping relationships. [...]

Recent Changes in Lake Chad’s Surface Water Extent: A Remote Sensing Assessment Using Sentinel-2 Land Cover Data (2017-2025)

Umar Yusuf, Umar Zulkifil Usman

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science

Lake Chad is an endorheic freshwater lake located at the junction of four countries; Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon in West-Central Africa. Lake Chad, once one of Africa’s largest freshwater bodies, has experienced significant hydrological fluctuations over the past decades. While long-term historical analyses highlight a severe 90% surface area contraction since the 1960s, short-term [...]

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Glacier Flow and U-Shaped Valley Evolution in Subtropical Taiwan

Hsueh-Chen Lee

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Glacial erosion plays a critical role in shaping alpine topography, yet the coupled effects of ice deformation, basal sliding, and bedrock erosion on millennial-scale valley morphodynamics remain challenging to quantify. This study presents three-dimensional numerical simulations investigating glacier dynamics and bed evolution in Xue Mountain Glacial Cirque No.~2, Taiwan over a 9~ka time scale. [...]

Systematic validation of 3D ground-based radars for tracking birds and bats

Grace Chang, Jennifer Pettis Schallert, Stephanie Schneider, et al.

Published: 2026-09-24
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

Ground-based radar (GBR) is increasingly used to quantify bird and bat movement in support of ecological studies, environmental monitoring, and collision risk assessment, yet few studies have systematically validated radar-derived tracks against targets with known positions. We evaluated the performance of two commercially available 3D GBRs using controlled drone flights that were designed to [...]

P-T-t-d history of the Greater Himalayan Sequence in the Zanskar Shear Zone, NW India

Emma N. Beck, Mary L. Leech, Matthew Coble, et al.

Published: 2026-09-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

We present a synthesis of pressure-temperature-time-deformation (P-T-t-d) conditions that track the evolution of the Greater Himalaya Sequence (GHS) exhumed along the Zanskar Shear Zone (ZSZ), the western arm of the South Tibetan Detachment and that spans the entirety of the Himalayan range. The dominant mineralogy is Qz + Kfs + Pl + Bt + Grt + Ilm + Sil(Fi) ± Ms ± Ky ± St. P-T paths constructed [...]

Urban Sprawl and Traffic-Related Air Pollution in Greater Gaborone: A Spatial Analysis of the Land Use–Transport–Environment Relationship

Keone Kelobonye, Chenesani Sithole, Orateng Amos

Published: 2026-09-23
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Rapid urban sprawl in many Sub-Saharan African cities has significantly reshaped urban mobility patterns, resulting in longer commuting distances, increased private vehicle dependence, and growing pressure on major transport corridors. These trends have important implications for environmental quality, urban sustainability, and climate resilience. This paper investigates the spatial relationship [...]

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