Preprints
There are 6529 Preprints listed.
The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health and Pharmaceuticals
Published: 2026-02-16
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Sciences, Medical Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health, Public Health, Sustainability, Toxicology
Climate change and air pollution affect nearly every major organ system, altering both the presentation of disease and patient responses to pharmaceutical treatments. However, existing knowledge on how patients, healthcare professionals, and governments should prepare for these challenges is fragmented. Climate change contributes to premature mortality, increased morbidity, and exacerbation of [...]
Implementing the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement in a State Centric System: The Role of AI in Data Readiness, Corporate Traceability, and EIA Consistency in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ)
Published: 2026-02-16
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Nature and Society Relations
Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) cover most of the ocean but remain governed through fragmented regimes and uneven scientific capacity. The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement aims to strengthen marine biodiversity conservation in these waters through marine protected areas and other area-based management tools, environmental impact assessment (EIA), marine genetic [...]
Future volcanic eruptions shift the timing of net-zero emissions
Published: 2026-02-16
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Volcanic eruptions are inevitable, unpredictable, and impact climate globally. During outbreaks, volcanic aerosols enter the stratosphere, modifying the planetary energy balance. How eruptions affect biosphere carbon uptake is unclear, as including the possible forcing trajectories in climate model projections is computationally expensive. Here, we show realistic future volcanic forcing increases [...]
A 3-D Hybrid SEM-FK Method for Teleseismic Wave Simulation in Coupled Elastic-Acoustic Media
Published: 2026-02-14
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a three-dimensional hybrid numerical scheme developed for modeling teleseismic plane-wave propagation through coupled acoustic–elastic media. This approach integrates the 3-D spectral-element method (SEM) with a matrix-based frequency–wavenumber (FK) method, enabling the rigorous treatment of complex bathymetry and precise elastic–acoustic coupling within layered media. To facilitate [...]
Multi-Sensor Fusion of Sentinel-2 Imagery and ICESat-2 Satellite Laser Bathymetry for Benthic Habitat Classification in Key Largo, Florida Keys
Published: 2026-02-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Multispectral imagery has traditionally been used to classify benthic habitats; however, many challenges exist when using this method alone including the overlap of spectral signatures among habitat types, and the loss of signal due to water depth in coastal areas. The authors propose an innovative method that combines multispectral imagery from Sentinel-2 (Tile 17RNJ, January 30, 2024) with [...]
Compositional Reservoir Simulation Sensitivity Studies: Grid, Permeability, and Well Configuration Analysis Using OPM Flow
Published: 2026-02-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Petroleum Engineering
This technical report presents a comprehensive parametric sensitivity analysis of compositional reservoir simulation using the open-source OPM Flow simulator, extending previous gas injection feasibility studies (Padder, 2026) through three systematic investigations: (1) grid refinement analysis comparing coarse (7×7×3, 147 cells) and refined (14×14×6, 1,176 cells) spatial discretization under [...]
Key enablers and barriers to climate-smart primary healthcare in South Africa: Insights from climate and health experts
Published: 2026-02-14
Subjects: Public Health
Climate change poses escalating threats to global health, with disproportionately severe impacts in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where structural vulnerabilities, resource constraints, and limited adaptive capacity heighten population-level risks. In these settings, primary health care (PHC), the frontline of service delivery, plays a pivotal role in implementing climate adaptation, [...]
Mid-crustal Origin of Alkaline Magmas in the Arosa Zone: Evidence from Primary Analcime and Xenolith Interaction at the Rothplattenbach Complex (Germany)
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The petrogenetic evolution of the alkaline magmatic rocks of the Rothplattenbach Complex was investigated by X-ray diffraction phase analysis and crystallographic lattice-parameter determination. The study focuses on the identification of primary analcime occurring in paragenesis with Ca-rich plagioclase (An₇₇) and diopsidic clinopyroxene. Phase-equilibrium modelling indicates that magma [...]
Origin, evolution and decline of European mangroves: the Cenozoic paleobotanical record
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Paleontology
This paper reviews available paleobotanical evidence (pollen and macrofossils) from 114 European sites to infer Cenozoic mangrove dynamics. European mangroves originated at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in western Europe as relatively diverse communities comprising seven true-mangrove taxa, including the major mangrove-forming elements Rhizophoraceae, Avicennia and Nypa. Some taxa arrived from [...]
The Role of Narrow Cold Frontal Rainbands on Flooding in Urban Southern California
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Narrow cold frontal rainbands (NCFRs) bring brief but intense periods of rain during wintertime extratropical cyclones in Southern California. Much is known about the meteorology behind NCFRs, but little is known about NCFRs that ties together the meteorology and hydrology of urbanized watersheds. In this study, we assessed the extent of flooding in urban Southern California caused by NCFRs. We [...]
Climate risk communications in the humanitarian health sector in East Africa: A case study from Médecins Sans Frontières
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Public Health
By 2030, it is estimated that the number of medium- to large-scale disaster events may increase to 560 per year compared to 400 in 2015. People less than 60 years of age in 2020 have been estimated to experience unprecedented extreme climate event exposures; the risk is even greater for younger generations as the planet gets warmer. This descriptive study aimed to explore how Médecins Sans [...]
Conceptual challenges in astrobiological analog environments and paths toward resolution
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Biology, Other Life Sciences, Other Planetary Sciences, Planetary Sciences
Analog environments are terrestrial environments that resemble extraterrestrial sites; this concept originated in space sciences for defining methods to study planetary geology, training for missions and testing research instruments. As biological research became integrated into these investigations - through studies of limits for life and possible biosignatures - and astrobiology grew as a [...]
Resonant Platform Response and Vertical Velocity Biases in ADCP Measurements from Quasi-Lagrangian Platforms
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Autonomous surface and subsurface platforms equipped with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are increasingly used to observe ocean velocities, but in the presence of surface waves these measurements can be biased by orbital motion and wave-induced platform tilting. Previous work quantified such biases for idealized platform responses that were in phase with the wave forcing. Here we [...]
Evaluating economic opportunities and challenges for energy recovery from methane leaks during wastewater treatment
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Engineering
Methane leaks from wastewater treatment represent the loss of biogas that can be used to generate onsite energy, offsetting costs and improving efficiency. Here, we characterize emissions from water resource recovery facilities by compiling measurement data and calculating biogas-production normalized leak rates for facilities with anaerobic digestion. For plants where biogas data were [...]
From Data to Policy : Strengthening Essential Climate Variable Monitoring with Deep Learning Algorithms and Data Quality Standards
Published: 2026-02-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) are critical for understanding and monitoring climate systems, providing important data to assess climate change and supporting policy formulation. This review emphasizes the importance of ensuring data quality, traceability, and consistency to derive reliable features from ECV datasets, addressing challenges such as temporal and spatial coverage gaps, [...]