Preprints
There are 5068 Preprints listed.
Constraints from uranium and molybdenum isotope ratios on the origin of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts
Published: 2024-11-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Most mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) are depleted in highly incompatible elements relative to the primitive mantle, termed normal (N)-MORB. Some MORB, erupted at ridge segments distal from mantle upwellings, are enriched in incompatible elements. The origin of these enriched (E)-MORB is debated, although many studies have argued for recycled oceanic crust shaping their compositions. Uranium (U) [...]
The gendered nature of climate change impacts in the Republic of the Marshall Islands
Published: 2024-11-15
Subjects: Geography
Empirical evidence on the gendered impacts of climate change is limited, particularly in the islands of the Pacific. This paper presents findings from fieldwork in the Republic of Marshall Islands that engaged with 1362 participants from 15 atolls. The data provides four clear findings. First, that men and women’s livelihoods are heavily impacted by climate change, with reduced incomes shifting [...]
Exposure to compound climate hazards transmitted via global agricultural trade networks
Published: 2024-11-15
Subjects: Agriculture, Climate, Environmental Studies, Risk Analysis
Compound climate hazards, such as co-occurring temperature and precipitation extremes, substantially impact people and ecosystems. Internal climate variability combines with the forced global warming response to determine both the magnitude and spatial distribution of these events, and their consequences can propagate from one country to another via many pathways. We examine how exposure to [...]
Vulnerability to climate change: An analysis of its conceptualization in Mexico
Published: 2024-11-15
Subjects: Other Life Sciences
The concept of climate change vulnerability (CCV) has become an angular one for understanding the differential impacts of climate change (CC). It has evolved from multiple disciplines, leading to a diversity of conceptual frameworks. Particularly, in Mexico – where CCV research and practice have increased – such diversity has resulted in a lack of clarity on how to operationalize it, and limited [...]
SiCTT.net: Satellite Image Clustering Transpose Transformation Deep neural network for Mixed Pixel Deforestation Analysis in Optical Satellite for Land Use Land Cover Application
Published: 2024-11-15
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences
Deforestation monitoring in Brazil for Land use land cover application is the combination of up-to-date monitoring and accuracy. For detailed observation on time, need a Sentinel-2 multi-spectral satellite imagery which is a combination of multiple bands of different frequency for better analysis. Sentinel-2 Multispectral Images are the combination of high resolution and low-resolution images [...]
Viewing Lobate Patterns on Mars and Earth as Climate Modulated Fluid-like Instabilities
Published: 2024-11-14
Subjects: Planetary Sciences
Lobate features found on high-latitude slopes on Mars resemble terrestrial cold-climate soil patterns known as solifluction lobes. Whether this provides evidence of freeze thaw processes on Mars or pattern equifinality is up for debate. Guided by recently developed theory for solifluction pattern formation inspired by fluid instabilities, here we compare HiRISE imagery of Martian lobes with a [...]
Current and Future Impacts of Lithium Carbonate from Brines: A Global Regionalized Life Cycle Assessment Model
Published: 2024-11-13
Subjects: Engineering
Lithium (Li) is essential for decarbonization strategies, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy storage, experiencing the largest growth rates among metals required for low-carbon technologies. To meet this demand, the raw materials sector must increase current capacities and develop new ones at untapped deposits. Understanding life cycle impacts is crucial to avoid severe environmental [...]
Flooding, nonlinear dynamics and Jensen’s inequality: Analyzing the damping and amplification of inundation extent with river discharge nonstationarity
Published: 2024-11-13
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Hydrology, Risk Analysis
Performance of a bioreactor using HCC fillers for sewage treatment
Published: 2024-11-12
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
The experiments prepared bio-fillers using corn cobs as raw materials. Heat modification was identified as the optimal method by comparing the physical and chemical properties (roughness, porosity, water immersion stability, and compressive strength) of unmodified, acid modified, alkali modified, and heat modified corn cobs. Subsequently, the heat modification conditions were optimized, and the [...]
Fossil hypercalcified sponges; types, relationships and geological history
Published: 2024-11-12
Subjects: Life Sciences
Hypercalcified sponges are poriferans with a calcareous skeleton secreted on and in the soft tissue. Living examples and fossils of some such sponges in Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata contain sponge spicules and can be classified within modern poriferan groups of the Classes Demospongiae and Calcarea, which are otherwise almost entirely soft-bodied. However, other fossil forms, largely Palaeozoic [...]
Three-Dimensional Multitrack Electrical Conductivity Method for Interpretation of Complex Ice Core Stratigraphy
Published: 2024-11-12
Subjects: Glaciology
Recent ice cores from the Allan Hills, a blue ice area in Antarctica, are nearly 3 million years old. These cores extend ice core chronologies, enabling new insight into key climate periods such as the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. The interpretation of these climate records is complex because of the disturbed stratigraphy in this ice. Here we present a new three- dimensional multitrack electrical [...]
Volcanic and Magmatic Studies Group Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Report 2024
Published: 2024-11-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Volcanic and Magmatic Studies Group (VMSG) aims to provide a constructive, supportive, inclusive and professionally stimulating environment for all members, where all in the community are welcome and valued. In 2020, VMSG published the first VMSG Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Report, which summarised statistics about the gender of attendees and presenters at annual meetings between 2016 [...]
Examining quality of DGNSS derived positioning in data in urban city- A case study of an urban city in India
Published: 2024-11-12
Subjects: Engineering
GNSS observations are carried out in static mode/ Differential global navigation satellite system (DGNSS) and dynamic mode / Real time Kinematics (RTK) mainly. RTK mode of observation is useful in case of navigation whereas in order to determine very precise positioning, static / DGNSS/ DGPS mode is recommended. In this study, we have examined the quality of DGNSS survey of an urban city in India [...]
Automatic detection of number of aircrafts over satellite data using deep learning
Published: 2024-11-12
Subjects: Engineering
: Instance segmentation is a novel technique to automatically detect and count the number of objects from satellite imagery for various applications using deep learning frameworks such as Mask-RCNN and YOLO. In this paper, we have implemented the YOLOv5 and YOLOv7 instance segmentation models on high-resolution satellite imagery (0.31m to 1.74m) of both panchromatic (16-bit PAN) and [...]
Contrasting impact of irrigation on farmworker heat stress in day and night in intensely irrigated agricultural lands of California
Published: 2024-11-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Farmworkers, the ‘frontline workers’ of our food system, are often exposed to heat stress that is likely to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change. Irrigation can exacerbate heat stress, quantification of which is crucial in intensely irrigated agricultural lands such as the Imperial Valley (IV) in southern California. We present high-resolution maps of wet bulb globe [...]