Preprints
There are 6782 Preprints listed.
Natural organic matter coating changes the role of iron oxides in carbon preservation in marine sediments
Published: 2026-04-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry
Preservation of organic carbon (OC) in marine and terrestrial depositional settings is enhanced by the association between OC and reactive iron oxides. However, microbially mediated iron reduction in anoxic marine sediments may lead to the reductive dissolution of iron oxides and consequently to the remobilization of iron-associated organic matter. The underlying mechanism remains poorly studied. [...]
Seasonal Shift in the Dominant Pathway Energizing Mesoscale Eddies in the California Current
Published: 2026-04-08
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mesoscale eddies are the dominant reservoir of kinetic energy in the ocean, yet the mechanisms that generate and maintain them in eastern boundary current systems remain incompletely assessed. Here we use a 1-km resolution simulation of the California Current System (CCS) to diagnose and quantify the processes that supply kinetic energy to the mesoscale band. A pronounced seasonal transition is [...]
Introducing Microalgae Carbon Fixation and Sinking (MCFS): a new approach for controlled and scalable CDR
Published: 2026-04-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Climate, Oceanography, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Achieving global climate targets requires scalable and durable carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies to tackle both historical and hard-to- abate emissions. We introduce Microalgae Carbon Fixation and Sinking (MCFS), a marine CDR methodology designed to enhance carbon fixation and export to the deep ocean through a controlled process. At the core of the MCFS approach is a tailored substrate: [...]
Balancing Food Production and Environmental Sustainability in Ethiopian Agriculture: A Systematic Review
Published: 2026-04-08
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Ethiopia faces the dual challenge of increasing food production for a rapidly growing population while preserving the natural resource base that sustains its agricultural systems. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 130 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025 to examine the relationship between agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability in Ethiopia. [...]
Changing the Chilly Climate: Observations on Gender Diversity and Inclusion at a Geoscience Conference in the Netherlands
Published: 2026-04-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Higher Education, Social and Behavioral Sciences
The aim of this study was to observe audience participation in a conference where the planned structures (presenters, keynotes and chairs) had an equal gender balance. The collected data can give an indication of the effectiveness of diversity and inclusion initiatives beyond the planned structures of the conference itself. We observed behaviours of attendees of the annual Dutch Earth and [...]
Longitudinal stress induced by basal slippery patch
Published: 2026-04-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Supraglacial lake drainages create spatially finite regions of reduced basal friction, slippery patches, at the ice-bed interface that perturb local stresses in the overlying ice, potentially sufficiently to trigger cascading hydrofracture-driven lake drainage events. We derive analytical solutions for the perturbed stress response to such slippery patches using the shallow shelf approximation [...]
Closure of Constraints in the Earth System: Biogeochemical Cycles and Planetary-Scale Biological Organisation
Published: 2026-04-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Life Sciences, Systems Biology
The concept of closure of constraints has been developed as a characterization of the distinctive causal regime at work in biological systems. Its extension to ecological systems has been attempted but faces persistent difficulties regarding the individuation of ecosystems and the scope of functional ascription. Meanwhile, the question of the biological character of the Earth system (variously [...]
First Characterisation of P-band Scattering Mechanisms from Orbit in Lower Shire Valley, southern Malawi, using ESA Biomass Imagery
Published: 2026-04-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
The European Space Agency (ESA) Biomass mission provides the first spaceborne fully polarimetric P-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations in orbit. Here, we report the first characterisation of P-band scattering mechanisms over the Lower Shire Valley (LSV) floodplain, southern Malawi. A single quad-polarimetric acquisition, collected at the onset of the rainy season in November 2025, [...]
Aerosol Removal and Solar Decline Drive Post-1980 Surface Warming Acceleration
Published: 2026-04-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Standard climate models do not fully reproduce post-1980 surface warming acceleration. Two forcing pathways explain the gap: Western clean air legislation progressively removed industrial sulphate aerosols from 1980 onward, unmasking suppressed greenhouse warming; and the Sun's magnetic output declined secularly after 1980, partially offsetting that unmasking. We quantify both using MERRA-2 [...]
The 2025 𝑀𝑤 7.1 Tingri (South Tibet) Earthquake: Rupture of Normal Conjugate Optimally Oriented Faults, Shallow Coseismic Slip Deficit, and Early Afterslip
Published: 2026-04-04
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
On 7 January 2025, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake struck Tingri County at the south of the Tibetan Plateau, China, producing widespread damage in the Lhatse-Sa'gya-Tingri region and adjacent areas. The earthquake ruptured a pair of conjugate north-south striking normal faults in the Dengmecuo graben, and was the largest normal earthquake instrumentally recorded in the region. We use Interferometric [...]
Design Rationale of the JcupLT Coupling Library: Lessons Learned from Jcup Development and Applications
Published: 2026-04-04
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Software Engineering
Coupling libraries are essential infrastructure for multi-component simulations in weather, climate, and earth system modeling. Jcup is a coupling library developed since 2007 and applied to a wide range of coupled simulations, including atmosphere–ocean coupling, land surface modeling, seismic–structural coupling, and AI-integrated simulations. Through nearly two decades of development and [...]
A nearly 1.5 millennia long record of North Atlantic climatic forcing recorded in tree-ring growth records from Angstel/Vecht Delta, the Netherlands (1283 BCE-156 CE)
Published: 2026-04-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The impact of multi-annual to decadal climatic cycles on tree-ring growth remains understudied. Here, we analyse a nearly one-and-a-half-thousand-year-long tree-ring chronology (1283 BCE–156 CE) based on bog oaks from an alder carr environment in the Angstel-Vecht delta in the Netherlands to assess the influence of multi-year climatic oscillations on tree-ring growth and the origin of the [...]
Survey Protocol Cards for Crop Maps
Published: 2026-04-04
Subjects: Agriculture, Computer Engineering
Crop type maps underpin food security decisions yet their accuracy depends on label quality, which in turn depends on survey design choices made under tight budgets. Survey planners must allocate limited resources across GPS devices, stratification strategies, sample size, worker training, and verification protocols, but lack quantitative guidance on which investments yield quality crop maps. We [...]
Multi-Sensor Monitoring of Wetland Inundation Using a Machine Learning and Data Fusion Framework
Published: 2026-04-03
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
Continuous, high-resolution inundation data are needed to understand how small-scale, short-term wetland flooding influences global methane emissions and carbon cycling. Small (less than 1,000 m²), variably inundated wetlands are significant methane sources, yet coarse satellite products often miss their dynamics. Integrating optical and radar imagery with resolutions less than 30 m offers a [...]
Spatial Assessment of Urban Flood Vulnerability in Polk County, Iowa Using a Social–Ecological–Technological Framework
Published: 2026-04-03
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geographic Information Sciences
Flood impacts are shaped not only by environmental or economic consequences but also by the social, ecological, and infrastructural conditions that influence how communities experience and recover from hazards. This study aims to assess multi-domain flood vulnerability across Polk County, Iowa utilizing a Social–Ecological–Technological Systems (SETS) framework. Eighteen indicators were [...]