Preprints

There are 4930 Preprints listed.

Who talks about climate, peace and security? A social media analysis to identify key actors

Giulia Tucci, Bia Carneiro, Giulia Caroli, et al.

Published: 2024-09-28
Subjects: International and Area Studies

Uncovering key actors within a policy network provides pathways for engagement, consensus-building, partnership development, and understanding the diffusion of knowledge in a given debate. Given the unprecedented scale of the climate emergency, the emerging field of climate security has rapidly gained centrality in academic and policy fora, as well as in the public debate. Yet, a systematic [...]

Seismicity-constrained fault detection and characterization with a multitask machine learning model

Kai Gao, Ting Chen

Published: 2024-09-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Geological fault detection and characterization from geophysical data have been one of the center challenges in geophysics and seismology as it holds the key to understanding subsurface dynamics ranging from borehole, reservoir, to regional scales. While paradigms of auto or semi-auto fault delineation either based on seismicity location analysis or on seismic migration image reflector [...]

Unveiling Year-Round Cropland Cover by Soil-Specific Spectral Unmixing of Landsat and Sentinel-2 Time Series

Felix Lobert, Marcel Schwieder, Jonas Alsleben, et al.

Published: 2024-09-28
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring

Croplands are essential for food security but also impact the environment, biodiversity, and climate. Understanding, monitoring, modeling, and managing these impacts require accurate, comprehensive information on cropland vegetation cover. This study aimed to continuously monitor the state and vegetative processes of cropland, focusing on the assessment of bare soil and its cover with [...]

Improved Precision and Reference Materials for Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis in Basaltic Glasses using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Joshua Shea, Ery Hughes, Robert Balzar, et al.

Published: 2024-09-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanology

We introduce three new reference materials and a new high-precision set-up for stable carbon isotope analysis in basaltic glasses using large-geometry secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) instrument. The new hydrous basaltic reference materials, characterised for carbon concentration and isotope composition by step-heating gas extraction and manometry followed by isotope ratio mass [...]

Assessing the timing of deep ocean oxygenation from uranium elemental and isotopic compositions of ophiolites

Joel Rodney, Morten Andersen, Daniel Stubbs, et al.

Published: 2024-09-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology

The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the deep oceans has varied over Earth History, with the timing of the transition from anoxic to oxic deep oceans debated. Under modern-day, oxic, deep ocean conditions, alteration of the upper sections of mafic oceanic crust with U-rich seawater leads to U enrichment, low Th/U ratios, and heterogeneous 238U/235U ratios relative to fresh mid-ocean ridge [...]

Prioritizing Safety, Advancing Efficiency: Developing a New Total Phosphorous Microwave Digestion Method for Sediment Core Nutrient Analysis

Keeley Claire Martinez, Anne Liston, Tina Hammel, et al.

Published: 2024-09-26
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Soil Science

Long-term datasets are invaluable resources for understanding broad-level temporal patterns in ecosystems. For over two decades, UC Davis and Lake County Water Resources Department have collaborated on a long-term monitoring project of Clear Lake sediment nutrient concentrations, in an effort to better understand nutrient cycling in Clear Lake. When the need for a new total phosphorus digestion [...]

Groundwater use to reduce natural hazard susceptibilities and inequities in the metacrisis

Tom Gleeson, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Makoto Taniguchi, et al.

Published: 2024-09-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Long-term thinking is broadly advocated for groundwater - the largest available freshwater resource that is essential for drinking water, irrigation and ecosystems around the world. Long-term thinking is crucial to support sustainability of this slowly renewed resource, but here we propose another crucial, novel and emerging approach for groundwater: short-term use over days and months during or [...]

3D wave propagation and earthquake dynamic rupture simulations in complex poroelastic media

Sebastian Wolf, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Martin Galis, et al.

Published: 2024-09-26
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

Numerical simulations of earthquakes and seismic wave propagation require accurate material models of the solid Earth. In contrast to purely elastic rheology, poroelasticity accounts for pore fluid pressure and fluid flow in porous media. Poroelastic effects can alter both the seismic wave field and the dynamic rupture characteristics of earthquakes. For example, the presence of fluids may affect [...]

Regional Source-type Discrimination Using Nonlinear Alignment Algorithms

Marlon Dale Ramos, Rigobert Tibi, Christopher J Young, et al.

Published: 2024-09-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The discrimination problem in seismology aims to accurately classify different underground source types based on local, regional or teleseismic observations of ground motion. Typical discriminant approaches are rooted in fundamental, physics-based differences in radiation pattern or wave excitation, which can be frequency dependent and may not make use of the full waveform. In this paper, we [...]

High-resolution geophysical monitoring of moisture accumulation preceding slope movement – a path to improved early warning

Arnaud Watlet, Paul Wilkinson, Jim Whiteley, et al.

Published: 2024-09-26
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology

Slope failures are an ongoing global threat leading to significant numbers of fatalities and infrastructure damage. Landslide impact on communities can be reduced using efficient early warning systems to plan mitigation measures and protect elements at risk. This manuscript presents an innovative geophysical approach to monitoring landslide dynamics, which combines Electrical Resistivity [...]

Normal fault interactions in seismic cycles and the impact of fault network geometry

Constanza Rodriguez Piceda, Zoe K Mildon, Martijn van den Ende, et al.

Published: 2024-09-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Understanding the mechanisms behind the characteristics of earthquake cycles on normal faults is challenging due to their long recurrence times. Despite their moderate magnitude, normal faulting earthquakes can produce considerable damage. We investigate the effects of fault network geometry and spacing on the seismic cycle of a system of two normal faults modelled with rate-and-state friction [...]

Topographic analysis for mapping dunes and assessing dune field resilience using multitemporal LiDAR at White Sands, New Mexico

Brennan William Young, Don R Hood, Michael P Bishop, et al.

Published: 2024-09-25
Subjects: Geomorphology

Sand dune morphology is indicative of complex system interactions at a wide range of spatial and temporal scales that govern dune topographic structure. We created an object-oriented topographic framework based on slope attitude, curvature, and contextual analysis to map and characterize sand dune morphology at White Sands National Park, New Mexico, USA that limits empiricism and reliance on a [...]

VolFe: an open-source tool for calculating melt-vapor equilibria including silicate melt, carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and noble gases

Ery Catherine Hughes, Philippa Liggins, Penny Wieser, et al.

Published: 2024-09-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

VolFe is an open-source flexible and adaptable thermodynamic framework in Python for calculating the equilibrium composition of melt and vapor. VolFe considers basaltic through rhyolitic melts including the volatiles carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and noble gases. VolFe models both reduced and oxidised systems due to the range of melt and vapor species included. Hence, VolFe is applicable to [...]

Climate Suitability Modelling of Miracle Tree Moringa oleifera Distribution in Pakistan using MaxEnt

Kainat Muniba, Muhammad Naveed Jafar, Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhary, et al.

Published: 2024-09-24
Subjects: Computer Sciences

Climate change has badly affected many countries in the world and Pakistan is being listed among the top ten of those countries. Pakistan is facing many adverse consequences due to climate change, which includes food security issues, water scarcity, temperature rise and high air pollution index. Moringa oleifera, known to be the miracle tree, has multiple advantages and can be used to combat [...]

How Should Multiple Temperature Time Series be Compared on Graphs?

Roy Warren Spencer

Published: 2024-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

How temperature biases in both climate models and observations are adjusted in order to make comparisons of climate change signals has been seldom discussed, yet the choice of adjustment method has a large impact on the resulting conclusions. When the primary interest is how global warming evolves through time, how the models’ diagnosed equilibrium climate sensitivities (ECS) correlate with [...]

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