Preprints
There are 5887 Preprints listed.
Enhanced weathering and its potential connection to ocean oxygenation and eukaryotic evolution at 1.57 Ga
Published: 2025-08-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Chemical weathering is a critical Earth system process that regulates climate, ocean chemistry and the long-term carbon cycle. During the mid-Proterozoic (~1.8‒0.8 Ga), chemical weathering is generally considered to have been relatively muted, but this perception remains largely untested, limiting our understanding of the drivers of purported oxygenation events and coeval biological evolution. [...]
Long-term trends and drivers of water color in Missouri reservoirs
Published: 2025-08-11
Subjects: Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Contrasting water quality trends are occurring within and across North America, with waterbodies experiencing increasing phytoplankton blooms, increasing dissolved organic matter, or both. Simultaneously, other waterbodies are becoming clearer and bluer; dramatically changing water color. To assess the spatial and temporal variability in water color, we quantified trends in satellite-derived [...]
Woodside’s North West Shelf gas extraction project extension: a case study in how opacity in Australia’s Safeguard Mechanism increases costs to other companies as it enlarges the mitigation challenge
Published: 2025-08-11
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Woodside’s North West Shelf gas facility was recently granted conditional approval to continue operations until 2070. Should the project receive the final go-ahead, followed by an approval of Woodside’s connected Browse-to-North West Shelf offshore gas project, significant quantities of greenhouse gases would be released over a roughly 40-year period, points on public record. The novel [...]
Development of a Streamlit-Based Deep Learning Tool for Instant Soil Classification from Borehole Grain Size Data
Published: 2025-08-11
Subjects: Engineering
Soil classification is an important part of geology in geotechnical engineering, because it affects the design of foundations, slope stability, and the safety of the construction site. This study presents an easy, dependable, and intelligent soil classification framework using a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) deep learning model. Data used to train the MLP model included both real borehole grain [...]
Comparing timber marking versus operator select to thin open longleaf pine stands
Published: 2025-08-11
Subjects: Forest Management, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences
Introduction: Open longleaf pine stands in the southeast U.S. are often marked prior to thinning to ensure quality residual trees are left. We present a case study where operator select thinning was applied in a longleaf pine forest where the optimization of water resources was a major goal. Longleaf pine stands were in Trinity County, Texas, U.S.A. Stands were overstocked and had a dense, [...]
Virunga Volcanoes Supersite Biennial Report: 2017- 2019
Published: 2025-08-09
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Virunga Volcanoes is the first Supersite established on the African continent in a highly populated Multi-hazards region. This permanent Supersite was established in a critical context as little was known about the Virunga hazards sources and their dynamics, and little done as measures to evaluate, mitigate and reduce their impacts. Similarly, the active volcanoes are poorly studied and [...]
Analysis of geomagnetic secular variation for the last 1.5 Ma recorded by volcanic rocks of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt: new data from Sierra de Chichinautzin, Mexico
Published: 2025-08-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
The great wealth of volcanism along the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) and the need to improve the secular variation curve of the Earth magnetic field of the region is the aim of this research. 300 oriented cores from 33 sites and 21 individual cooling units were acquired from Sierra de Chichinautzin volcanic field (ChVF) and Sierra de Santa Catarina (SSC). Directional analysis and rock [...]
Technological Adaptation Outpaces Climate Impacts on Aviation: Evidence from Three Decades of Warming
Published: 2025-08-08
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Climate impact assessments frequently prioritize projections over empirical validation of operational outcomes. We introduce and apply a generalizable empirical validation framework that (i) separates operational encounters from safety outcomes and (ii) tests climate → operations linkages via physical mechanism validation with explicit detectability bounds. Using 33 years (1991–2023) of U.S. [...]
22 Years Later: Evaluating Glover & Smith’s 2003 Predictions of the 2025 Deep-Sea Ecosystem
Published: 2025-08-08
Subjects: Life Sciences, Marine Biology
Earth’s deep-sea ecosystem remains one of the least explored and understood ecosystems on the planet. Human interest in the resources available in the deep-sea must be balanced with potential harm to the deep-sea ecosystem. Accurately predicting the effect on human impact on the deep-sea floor can help guide policies and actions today. This research evaluates prior predictions of human impact on [...]
Prioritizing wildfire fuel management in California
Published: 2025-08-07
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The resources available for managing wildfire risk are insufficient and ultimately finite, while the risk of catastrophic fires is enormous and growing. Prioritization of responses is thus critical, but the basis for comparing the costs and societal benefits of alternative investments in wildfire mitigation is inadequate. Here, we assess and compare the costs of landscape-scale fuel treatment in [...]
The Global Woody Surface: A Planetary Interface for Biodiversity, Ecosystem Function, and Climate
Published: 2025-08-07
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Forest Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation
Controls on Mg isotopic fractionation between deep mantle phases and relict signatures of a terrestrial magma ocean
Published: 2025-08-07
Subjects: Geochemistry, Mineral Physics
We use density functional theory to investigate the fractionation of Mg isotopes between phases in the lower mantle. Our results support previous work and show that coordination number plays an important role in controlling isotopic fractionation, with bridgmanite (perovskite-structured MgSiO3) preferentially incorporating lighter Mg isotopes into its highly coordinated site compared to periclase [...]
Climate driven hydrologic nonstationarity patterns across the Contiguous United States
Published: 2025-08-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We calculated metrics of climate change, land use-land cover change, and hydrologic nonstationarity in 671 catchments across the Contiguous United States (CONUS) that are known not to have relatively little urbanization and anthropogenic land cover. Climate change is correlated with hydrologic nonstationarity in these basins. Land use-land cover change has no correlation with hydrologic [...]
Comment on "Mineral-water reactions in Earth's mantle: Predictions from Born theory and ab initio molecular dynamics" by Fowler et al. 2024 (Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 372, 111-123)
Published: 2025-08-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This comment addresses discrepancies in dielectric constant calculations of water under extreme conditions ( ~10 GPa and 1000 K) between Fowler et al.'s recent study [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 372, 111-123 (2024)] and the earlier work by Pan et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 6646–6650 (2013)]. Through reproduced ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations using the CP2K code with extended [...]
wave-attenuation-1d: An idealized one-dimensional framework for wave attenuation through coastal vegetation using Numba-accelerated shallow water equations
Published: 2025-08-07
Subjects: Applied Mechanics, Environmental Engineering, Fluid Dynamics, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Oceanography
Coastal vegetation provides crucial wave attenuation for shoreline protection, yet existing models are either computationally prohibitive or lack transparency for educational purposes. This study presents wave-attenuation-1d, an open-source Python package implementing linearized shallow water equations with vegetation-induced drag to simulate wave propagation through coastal vegetation. The [...]