Preprints
There are 6295 Preprints listed.
From Empirical Curves to AI-Derived Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide Initiation in Peninsular Malaysia
Published: 2025-12-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rainfall-induced landslides are a persistent hazard in Malaysia, yet existing rainfall thresholds remain largely based on empirical methods and often lack regional adaptability. This study employs machine learning (ML) based rainfall thresholds for landslide initiation in Peninsular Malaysia. A dataset of rainfall events from 70 rainfall stations across peninsular Malaysia linked with documented [...]
Subduction-driven mantle flow beneath and around the Philippine Sea Plate from seismic anisotropy
Published: 2025-12-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Shear-wave splitting illuminates mantle flow and subduction zone dynamics but is typically inferred near stations or earthquakes, limiting studies in sparsely instrumented regions away from earthquakes. Where stations or earthquakes are present, fast splitting directions are often parallel to the nearest trench, which has yet to be fully understood and reconciled with geodynamic flow predictions. [...]
Earth Embeddings: Towards AI-centric Representations of our Planet
Published: 2025-12-09
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
This paper presents a new perspective for the flexible and efficient representation of geospatial data, tailored to and empowered by AI: Earth embeddings. Earth embeddings provide a unified and accessible vector representation of local geographic characteristics. They fuse different geospatial data sources across time and space, compress highly-correlated raw geospatial data into one dense [...]
A Himalayan-Scale Orogen in the Central African Copperbelt and the Formation of a World-Class Metal Province.
Published: 2025-12-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Tectonics and Structure
The Central African Copperbelt (CACB) of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the world’s largest sediment-hosted copper-cobalt province. It comprises Tonian–Ediacaran sedimentary rocks of the Katangan Basin and Ediacaran–Cambrian metamorphic and intrusive rocks formed during the assembly of Gondwana. The age distribution of metal deposits within the CACB peaks during the orogeny, [...]
Dynamics, interactions and delays of the 2019 Ridgecrest rupture sequence
Published: 2025-12-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The observational difficulties and the complexity of earthquake physics have rendered seismic hazard assessment largely empirical. Despite increasingly high-quality geodetic, seismic and field observations, data-driven earthquake imaging yields stark differences and physics-based models explaining all observed dynamic complexities are elusive. Here we present data-assimilated three-dimensional [...]
Shelf invading low oxygen waters control Cenozoic organic carbon burial rates
Published: 2025-12-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The thermostatic mechanisms of Earth’s persistent habitability are far from resolved. High resolution C isotope records, with P accumulation and coarse fraction I/Ca over the Cenozoic, allow the recalculation and assessment of controls on the global proportional flux of organic carbon burial, a regulator of atmospheric CO2 and O2. Proportional Corg burial was suppressed during the hothouse of the [...]
ShallowLandslider: a physics-based component for predicting regional distributions of coseismic landslides
Published: 2025-12-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology
Earthquakes can trigger thousands of shallow landslides across mountainous terrain, reshaping landscapes and posing severe hazards. Predicting their spatial distribution remains challenging because most existing models are empirical, event-specific, and lack physical interpretability. We introduce ShallowLandslider, a physics-based component within the open-source Landlab framework for regional [...]
Analysis of Water Point Management and Maintenance Systems in Tropical Environments: Case Study of Okola Municipality (Cameroon, Central Africa)
Published: 2025-12-06
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Rural water infrastructure sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa is significantly hindered by weak management and maintenance systems. This study assessed water point governance in Okola Municipality, Cameroon, to identify factors affecting infrastructure sustainability and evaluate maintenance practices. Using a mixed-methods approach—field observations, household surveys (n = 80), and interviews [...]
Sequential Efficacy of Information for Optimized Geophysical and Drilling Strategies in Mineral Exploration
Published: 2025-12-06
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Geophysics and Seismology, Mining Engineering
The global energy transition has created an urgent need for expanded critical mineral supply. Projected production from existing deposits and current discovery rates remains insufficient to meet this demand. More efficient exploration strategies are therefore required, particularly in optimizing costly and low-success data acquisition campaigns. To address this challenge, we introduce the concept [...]
Large-scale flow toward low-velocity anomalies reconciles seismic and geodynamic constraints in the deepest mantle beneath Alaska
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Deep mantle downwellings are typically located away from the two Large Low-Velocity Provinces (LLVPs) in Earth's mantle. Geodynamic models based on global seismic tomography generally predict that convective flow at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) spreads laterally away from downwelling regions and towards LLVPs. While this offers a framework for understanding large-scale deformation in the [...]
China’s Water Renaissance: Conflict Resolution, Environmental Reform, and the Clean-Energy Transition in Contemporary China (2020–2025)
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Between 2020 and 2025, China accelerated a sweeping transformation of its water governance, environmental law, and clean-energy infrastructure. Anchored in the doctrine of ecological civilization, the country strengthened basin-scale legislation—including the landmark Yangtze River Protection Law—restored degraded river systems, expanded monitoring networks, and advanced nature-based solutions. [...]
Source effects in higher-order ambient seismic field correlations
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Seismic interferometry of the ambient seismic field is widely used for surface wave imaging. It typically requires synchronous station recordings and assumes uniform noise source distributions. Higher-order correlations, such as the re-correlation of direct waves (C2), have been suggested to facilitate imaging with asynchronous data and to improve an incomplete source distribution. Using field [...]
Comment on Barboni et al. (2025), ‘Pervasive impact modification of pristine lunar clasts’
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
In a recent contribution, Barboni et al. (2025) present an experimental calibration relating the aluminium content of zircon and its parent melt under lunar conditions. This calibration is then used to argue that lunar zircons are not in equilibrium with their host silicate melts, and that caution is required when interpreting zircon-derived U-Pb dates in evolved lunar rocks. Their contribution [...]
Open-source tools for making geometrically-complex fault surfaces
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Three--dimensional fault geometries are critical for realistic analyses of crustal deformation, seismic hazard, and rupture dynamics, yet 3D fault datasets are sparse outside a few well--studied regions. We present a set of free and open-source QGIS plugins that enable users to construct accurate 3D fault surfaces from common types of geological and geophysical data. The workflow combines (1) [...]
Web-Based Dynamic Flood Susceptibility Mapping: Leveraging Fuzzy Logic for Interactive Analysis
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Engineering
Flooding is one of the most frequent and devastating natural disasters, resulting in significant global social, environmental, and economic consequences. Performing comprehensive flood risk assessments is essential for comprehending community exposure and susceptibility to floods while facilitating the formulation of mitigation plans. This study presents a web-based framework for flood [...]