Preprints

There are 5277 Preprints listed.

A New Theory of Global Climate and Ecosystem Change Based on Planetary Orbital Variations

Kebiao Mao, Yuqi Liang, Zijin Yuan, et al.

Published: 2025-02-05
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Traditional climate change research has primarily focused on internal factors of Earth, particularly the impact of human activities on greenhouse gas emissions. This paper proposes the "Mao's Theory of Global Climate and Ecosystem Change Based on Planetary Orbital Variations", which suggests that changes in Earth's climate and ecosystems are primarily driven by the orbital variations of external [...]

The b value as a strain meter: a comparison of the 1982-1984 and 2005-2024 volcanic unrest at Campi Flegrei - Italy

Vincenzo Convertito, Cataldo Godano, Giuseppe Petrillo, et al.

Published: 2025-02-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Campi Flegrei caldera has experienced several episodes of volcanic unrest during the last few centuries, most notably in 1982-1984 and 2005-present. These periods of unrest are characterized by ground uplift, seismic swarms, and increased degassing. In this study, we compare the seismicity and associated b value variations during the 1982-1984 and 2005-2024 unrest periods. The b value is [...]

A simple model for predicting agronomy floods in rice fields in Bicol, Philippines

Xiajing Wei, Jane Girly Balanza, Jeny Raviz, et al.

Published: 2025-02-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Climate change is expected to intensify the impacts of flood events on agricultural production, particularly in flood-prone regions like the Philippines, where rice farming is heavily affected by frequent typhoons. Flood forecasting and early warning systems can aid in mitigating these risks; however, the insufficient coverage of hydrometric monitoring stations and limited computational resources [...]

Modeling stand-level forest attributes using lidar and Common Stand Exam data

Brett Lawrence

Published: 2025-02-04
Subjects: Forest Management, Natural Resources and Conservation

Traditional forest inventories provide important information to forest managers regarding stand volume, structure, and species composition. While crucial for making informed decisions, forest inventories can be time intensive, costly, and acquisition can delay forest management actions. In some cases, publicly available and large-scale LiDAR datasets can serve as a means for assisting with or [...]

Where has all the Sinter gone? From the Pink and White Terraces, the Greatest Tourist Attraction of the Southern Hemisphere

Rex Bunn

Published: 2025-02-02
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geology, Geomorphology, Other Geography, Paleontology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science, Stratigraphy, Volcanology

Debate continues over the silica sinter Pink and White Terraces, the greatest tourist attraction of the southern hemisphere. The 1886 Tarawera eruption may or may not have destroyed them by burial or eruption. This research compiles surviving sinter. The volume is unexpectedly tiny, which bears on the debate. A database was developed including photography. A forensic approach was taken to [...]

A New Interpretation of Ptolemy's Germania Magna: Employing Computer-Assisted Image Distortion of a Medieval Map by Donnus Nicolaus Germanus to Examine Post-Glacial Geodynamics in Europe

Sven Mildner

Published: 2025-02-02
Subjects: Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Nature and Society Relations, Other Astrophysics and Astronomy, Other Earth Sciences, Other Geography, Other Planetary Sciences, Planetary Geology, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, The Sun and the Solar System

This paper revisits Claudius Ptolemy's depiction of Germania Magna through a multidisciplinary approach, integrating computer-aided distortion analysis of Donnus Nicolaus Germanus's medieval cartography with geological insights. The study proposes that the region underwent significant and complex transformations, likely influenced by tectonic activity, such as the reactivation of the Caledonian [...]

Predicting Land Surface Temperature With Uncertainty Estimation Using a Community Sensor Network and Machine Learning

Tom Narock, Anna Kulikova, Sakib Hussen, et al.

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Sustainability

Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) are areas in cities that experience higher temperatures than surrounding areas due to construction features such as buildings, roads, and a general lack of vegetation. UHIs, which pose a threat to public health while also increasing energy usage, are often defined using land surface temperatures. Our study demonstrates how a community sensor network from the Baltimore [...]

Natural Hydrogen Play-Type Models from a Development Perspective

Arnout Everts, Jos Bonnie, Ramon Loosveld

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences

This paper proposes a broad classification of natural hydrogen occurrences from a viewpoint of not only exploration geology but also development-potential and ability to meet industrial needs. Conceptually, working subsurface “hydrogen systems” comprise the same key elements as their “petroleum system” counterparts namely: Source, Reservoir, Trap and Seal. Considering success or failure on these [...]

Cross-equatorial northerly surges associated with extratropical cold surges and tropical variability over the Maritime Continent

Tri W. Hadi, Muhammad Rais Abdillah, Narizka N. Purwadani, et al.

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS) is characterized by a strengthening of northerly moist monsoon winds over south of the South China Sea in the western Maritime Continent. The CENS typically lasts a few days in boreal winter and is frequently reported as a crucial synoptic forcing of heavy rainfall and flood events over northern Java Island. The occurrence of CENS has been generally [...]

Evaluating the potential of underwater television to contribute to marine litter assessments alongside bottom trawling

Katja Norén, Filip Svensson, Max Lindmark

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Life Sciences

Stratigraphic influence on emplacement and 3-dimensional structure of a large mafic sill in sedimentary strata

Olivier Galland, Anna M. R. Sartell, Rafael Kenji Horota, et al.

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology

Sills are fundamental elements of volcanic plumbing systems emplaced, among other, in sedimentary basins. Even though sills are commonly considered simple, straight concordant igneous sheets, they are actually complex 3-dimensional objects. The detailed knowledge of the 3D structure of sills and their host rock is of primary relevance to better constraining the emplacement mechanisms and the [...]

Feasibility of Time-Lapse Surface Seismic for CO2 Monitoring: A Case Study from the Decatur CCS Site, Illinois, United States

Shuvajit Bhattacharya, Sujith Swaminadhan, Sahar Bakhshian

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We study the feasibility of time-lapse surface seismic to detect and monitor CO2 plume movement over the time at the onshore Decatur CCS site, United States. We develop and test a workflow, integrating results from subsurface characterization, dynamic flow simulation, rock physics, time-lapse fluid saturation logs, and operational information to model surface seismic responses of the [...]

Quantifying Changes in Water Loading in the U.S. Southwest via Comparison of GNSS, GRACE, and SWE Datasets

Kenneth Gourley, Richard A. Bennett, Christopher Harig

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology

The synthesis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravimetry data and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) displacement data provides improved models of surface water hydrology. Much work remains to be done to understand the hydrological signal present in complementary geodetic data in much of the Western U.S., especially the Colorado River basin which comprises a diversity of [...]

Insights into plume-ridge-transform fault interactions as derived from 3D numerical geodynamic modelling of the Azores Triple Junction

Jaime Almeida, João Duarte, Filipe Rosas, et al.

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Geology, Tectonics and Structure

The Azores Archipelago is an igneous province located in the centre of the Atlantic Ocean marked by a large bathymetric plateau with a complex tectonic history. Over the last 10 Myr, this region has been shaped by the interaction between the Azores plume, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), and the Gloria Fault zone. This complex interaction was characterised namely by the transition from a [...]

Advancing forest disturbance economics – assessing the impacts on timberland returns requires consistent economic approaches

Knoke Thomas, Jonathan Fibich, Lena Lopez, et al.

Published: 2025-01-31
Subjects: Forest Sciences

The discussion about economically optimal forest ecosystem management is almost as old as forest science. Continuous cover forestry renounces removing the tree canopy of forest ecosystems. In contrast, clear fell forestry suggests harvesting all trees at once to replace the crop trees with young trees. Assuming occurrence probabilities for stands of different ages, a study by Kärenlampi [...]

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