Preprints
There are 6394 Preprints listed.
Multiresolution-based grid adaptation for the compression of ERA5 meteorological reanalysis data in MPTRAC v2.7
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The continuous increase in computational power comes with a corresponding demand for storage space. However, the ability to store data has hardly increased in recent years. This makes the demand for efficient storage solutions even more pressing, especially for meteorological reanalysis data. The current European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis data already poses [...]
Astronomical pacing of the Ludfordian Biogeochemical Event, the largest carbon cycle perturbation of the Phanerozoic
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Stratigraphy
The Kosov Quarry section (Prague Basin, Czech Republic) preserves one of the most complete Silurian successions spanning the Ludfordian (late Silurian) Biogeochemical Event (LBE), encompassing the mid-Ludfordian Carbon Isotope Excursion (MLCIE), the largest positive δ13Ccarb excursion of the Phanerozoic. The LBE is associated with climatic cooling, redox reorganisation, sea-level change, and [...]
Where air-conditioning is essential: Raising a yellow flag ten times - where wet bulb globe temperature under shaded outdoor shelter fails to refresh adapted healthy individuals
Published: 2026-01-08
Subjects: Other Engineering
Concerning the modern paradigm shift to insulate building envelopes with the ambition to improve winter comfort without demand for heating, unintended problems can arise in summer as insulation traps heat and humidity from cooking and occupants’ respiration. So, we should consider outdoor living areas, covered from sun and rain, but openly alfresco - such as verandas. The current work extends on [...]
Anthropogenic Impacts on Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbial Communities in Groundwater of Taopu Industrial Park, Shanghai
Published: 2026-01-08
Subjects: Life Sciences
Urban groundwater is increasingly recognized as an emerging reservoir and transport pathway for antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing potential ecological and public-health risks. However, the distribution and transport mechanisms of antibiotics and ARGs in groundwater systems under complex anthropogenic pollution remain insufficiently [...]
Assessing the riverine flood forecast skill of GloFAS and Google Flood Hub with impact data and discharge observations to support early actions in Mali
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Water Resource Management
Riverine floods are among the most destructive and frequent natural hazards in Mali. To reduce their impacts, the Mali Red Cross implemented an Early Action Protocol (EAP) to enable anticipatory actions through pre-defined triggers and forecast information. Currently, the protocol relies on upstream water levels from the National Directorate of Hydraulics (DNH) to predict downstream flooding. [...]
Explaining monthly precipitation anomalies in northwestern South America by integrating vertical dynamics and energetics
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Northwestern South America (NWSA), a region critically important for monitoring coastal El Niño and La Niña events, receives its maximum cumulative precipitation in February-March. Thermodynamic indices alone, often fail to explain observed precipitation anomalies because they neglect the influence of large-scale environmental dynamics. To bridge this gap, a low-frequency climate index called [...]
Global potential of integrated biorefineries for leaf protein and sugar: Producing sustainable food and preventing starvation in catastrophes
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Agriculture, Chemical Engineering, Engineering, Food Science, Risk Analysis
To accommodate population growth and shifting diets, the global protein supply must increase. Simultaneously, rising climate variability increases agricultural yield shocks, disrupting conventional crops. Worse, global catastrophes such as nuclear war or pandemics could collapse the global food system. Here, we turn to the potential of grasslands and plentiful legume biomass (e.g., alfalfa, [...]
Integrated Hybrid AI–GIS Framework for Temperature-Driven Drought Early Warning and Agricultural Risk Mapping in Bangladesh
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Electrical and Computer Engineering
Drought has also become a potential threat of growing severity to agricultural sustainability and food security in climate-sensitive areas of South Asia. In Bangladesh, recurring and escalating episodes of drought in northwestern drought-prone areas, especially the Rajshahi district, have been caused by continuous heat-related stress, extended dry season, and changes in surface energy balance. In [...]
Reconstruction of plate tectonic evolution and orogenesis of the Central Tethysides (Iran, Afghanistan) since the Permian
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
The Central Tethysides constitute the Iranian and Afghan section of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt. Two large sutures in the north and south are widely considered to represent the closed Paleo- and Neotethys ocean, respectively, with a 'Cimmerian' continent in between that traveled from Gondwana-Land to Eurasia in the Permo-Triassic and reconnected with Arabia in the late Oligocene. However, [...]
Beyond calcite: Crude-urease EICP reveals metal-specific crystallogenetic pathways
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) has emerged as a versatile approach for soil improvement and contaminant immobilisation, yet performance is commonly evaluated from bulk metal removal efficiency while the mineralogical fate of retained metals remains poorly understood. Here, Pb, Co and Cr are compared under identical urease-driven EICP conditions using a crude [...]
Machine Learning Approaches for Estimating Aquifer Hydraulic Properties from Step-Drawdown Pump Tests: A Case Study in Central Valley, California
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a data-driven, scalable framework for estimating aquifer hydraulic conductivity by integrating step-drawdown pumping test data with well completion records using machine learning techniques. The approach applies Random Forest regression and cluster analysis to large regional datasets obtained from the California Natural Resources Agency and the Department of Water Resources Open Data [...]
Two Wind Farms, Two Islands: Physics Informed Causal Wind Analysis in New Zealand
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Power and Energy
Wind power forecasting models often rely on correlation-based methods, which can misinterpret the relationship between meteorological variables and power generation. A key example is air density: while physics suggests denser air should increase available wind power, observational data can show a negative correlation because high-pressure regimes (high density) often coincide with lower wind [...]
Spatial Predictor Selection for Next-Day Minimum Temperature Forecasting: An Automated Machine Learning Framework Applied Across European Climate Regimes
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate prediction of daily minimum temperature (Tmin) is critical for frost protection, energy management, and public health preparedness. While numerical weather prediction models have improved substantially, their performance for Tmin forecasting remains limited by difficulties in representing fine-scale nocturnal processes. This study presents an automated framework for identifying optimal [...]
Spectral indices outperform AlphaEarth foundation embeddings for aboveground biomass estimation in tropical Andean Forests
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Education, Engineering
Rising greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂), are accelerating climate change. Forests are an important carbon store, but measuring how much carbon is stored in large tracts of diverse forests is challenging. Satellite imagery provides consistent measures of forests across space and time, which is an opportunity for accurate estimation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB), [...]