Preprints
There are 6605 Preprints listed.
The distribution of Earth’s wind-blown sand dunes
Published: 2026-03-05
Subjects: Climate, Geology, Geomorphology
Sand dunes develop when there is a source of sediment and wind capable of saltating that sediment. Dune morphology and occurrence can then be used to infer the distribution of sediment sources and climate conditions during their formation. This is particularly useful for inference of past climate from relict dunes or the sedimentary record, and for climate conditions where direct observation is [...]
Connectivity between primary and secondary subglacial drainage systems beneath a land-terminating outlet glacier of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Published: 2026-03-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The evolution and connectivity of subglacial drainage systems controls basal sliding and therefore modulates ice flow, yet direct observations of these systems remain limited. Here, we investigate hydraulic connectivity and its influence on ice motion at Isunnguata Sermia - a large land-terminating outlet glacier of the Greenland Ice Sheet. We use ‘Cryoegg’ wireless sensors to obtain moulin [...]
Hydrological modeling in a highly urbanized watershed using explainable machine learning and sub-hourly data: A case study in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Published: 2026-03-05
Subjects: Engineering
Hydrological modeling of urbanized watersheds is a highly challenging task due to the complexity and non-linearity of the rainfall-runoff relationship in these areas. Many data-driven models have been proposed in the literature to address this problem. However, in this field, there is a need not only for performance but also for explainability and comprehension of the impacts of [...]
Processing flaws and uneven Sentinel-1 coverage distort global flood trend interpretations
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Hydrology
The Response of Onset and Withdrawal of the Indian Summer Monsoon to Volcanic Aerosols
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology
Large volcanic eruptions are a source of climate variability, affecting the seasonal mean precipitation of the Indian summer monsoon. However, the extent to which changes in seasonal precipitation can be attributed to variations in monsoon length vs. monsoon intensity has remained unclear. Using large ensemble simulations of idealised volcanic eruptions at varying latitudes, we find that the [...]
vathra.xyz — Crowdsourced Monitoring of Greece's Geodetic Heritage: Architecture, Empirical Results, and Legal Framework
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Greece's national trigonometric network comprises 25,258 geodetic survey points established by the Hellenic Military Geographical Service (HMGS/GYS). This paper presents vathra.xyz, an open-source web platform for crowdsourced condition monitoring of these points using Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) methods. We describe the system architecture (React, PostGIS, Leaflet, browser-based AR [...]
High-resolution interactive global flood forecast for past, present, and future
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Engineering
Globally operating modelling approaches for flood dynamics have shown significant increases in usage, quality and availability in recent years. Flood modelling at global scale stretches the computational demand, due to combinations of spatial scale and resolution, limiting to static pre-computed maps and prohibiting interactivity. Particular high-resolution global models are only available as [...]
Deep-learning climate emulator ACE2 reveals a global decrease in tropical cyclone 5 frequency in the 15th Century under an El Niño-like sea surface temperature pattern
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The relatively short modern observational record limits our understanding of the relationship between global tropical cyclone (TC) frequency and sea surface temperature (SST), resulting in uncertain future TC projections. Using novel deep-learning-based past-millennium simulations with the Ai2 Climate Emulator version 2 (ACE2), we provide insight into the connections between SSTs and TCs. ACE2 [...]
Automated Levee Detection in Digital Elevation Models
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Geomorphology
Current flood risk models applied at national and global scales do not---or only partially---take levees into account, resulting in inaccurate flood inundation maps. While levees are important assets in natural hazard risk assessments, accurate information in the public domain about the location and height of these embankments is often missing. Remote sensing data---such as global digital [...]
On the seasonal predictability of the 2020 North Atlantic tropical cyclone season
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The 2020 Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) season was exceptionally active, producing over twenty named storms, yet several seasonal forecasts failed to predict such extreme activity across their ensemble spread. Even when forced with the observed 2020 sea surface temperatures (SSTs), physics-based models simulated only a moderately active season across their ensemble members. Using observations and [...]
Cube2sph-GPU: A GPU accelerated toolkit enabling flexible continental-scale regional and teleseismic full waveform inversion
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present Cube2sph-GPU, a GPU-accelerated framework for continental-scale regional and teleseismic full-waveform inversion (FWI). Building upon the capabilities of SPECFEM3D_Cartesian, the toolkit introduces: (1) a flexible hybrid simulation scheme for tele-seismic simulations; (2) curvilinear C-PML; (3) spherical PDE-based kernel smoothing; and (4) highly optimized GPU kernels and I/O [...]
Future heat-stress regimes under CMIP6: a multi-index assessment of persistence and human-relevant thermal constraints
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Studies, Geography, Nature and Society Relations
Human exposure to heat stress is increasing under climate change as rising temperatures interact with atmospheric moisture to constrain thermoregulation and outdoor activity. While numerous heat-stress indices are used in climate impact studies, their joint interpretation in terms of climatic regimes, persistence, and physiological relevance remains fragmented. Here, we provide a global, [...]
Stable isotopic composition, paleoecology, and habitat of the ammonite Sphenodiscus lobatus in the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Western Interior Seaway
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Sedimentology
Despite their abundance as fossils, the life histories of ammonites are still poorly understood. We analyzed the oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopic composition of well-preserved shell material taken from different growth stages of the streamlined oxyconic ammonite species Sphenodiscus lobatus from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Pierre Shale and Fox Hills Formation of South Dakota. [...]
Accounting for uncertainty from internal variability in global-temperature based attribution of climate extremes with single realisations
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Attribution of regional climate change to anthropogenic forcing within the single realisation available from observations is an important but challenging goal for statistical methods in climate science. Correlating regional conditions with global temperatures is a popular approach, especially for attributing downstream impacts on human health or the economy. However, the influence of internal [...]
QM1D: A 1D model of shear attenuation in the mantle from differential body waves
Published: 2026-03-03
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology