There are 3244 Preprints listed.
Published: 2022-09-27
Subjects: Life Sciences
The concept of taxon cycle involves successive range expansions and contractions over time through which a species can maintain indefinitely its core distribution. Otherwise, it becomes extinct. A typical taxon cycle can be subdivided into four stages: (I) expansion, (II) population differentiation, (III) local extinction and incipient speciation (eventually initiating a new cycle), and (IV) [...]
Published: 2022-09-27
Subjects: Hydrology, Meteorology
Improvement of evapotranspiration (ET) estimates using remote sensing (RS) products based on multispectral and thermal sensors has been a breakthrough in hydrological research. In large-scale applications, methods that use the approach of RS-based surface energy balance (SEB) models often rely on oversimplifications of the aerodynamic resistances. The use of these SEB models for Seasonally Dry [...]
Published: 2022-09-27
Subjects: Life Sciences
In a recent paper, the author demonstrated that, in contrast with the prevailing view of eventual gradual regional differentiation from a hypothetical Cretaceous pantropical mangrove belt around the Tethys Sea, the Caribbean mangroves originated de novo in the Eocene after the evolutionary appearance of the first mangrove-forming tree species known for the region, the ancestor of the extant [...]
Published: 2022-09-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The anisotropic mesoscale eddy diffusivity tensor is diagnosed using passive tracers advected in both an idealized 101-member mesoscale-resolving quasi-geostrophic (QG) double-gyre ensemble, and a realistic 24-member eddying ($1/12^\circ$) ensemble of the North Atlantic. We assert that the Reynold's decomposition along the ensemble dimension, rather than the spatial or temporal dimension, allows [...]
Published: 2022-09-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
The volume and variety of Earth data have increased as a result of growing attention to climate change and, subsequently, the availability of large-scale sensor networks and remote sensing instruments. This data has been an important resource for data-driven studies to generate practical knowledge and services, support environmental modeling and forecasting needs, and transform climate and earth [...]
Published: 2022-09-24
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Models of the carbon cycle and climate on geologic (>10^4 year) timescales have improved tremendously in the last 50 years due to parallel advances in our understanding of the Earth system and the increase in computing power to simulate its key processes. Despite these advances, balancing the Earth System's vast complexity with a model's computational expense is a primary challenge in model [...]
Published: 2022-09-24
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurately characterizing clouds and their shadows is a long-standing problem in the Earth Observation community. Recent works showcase the necessity to improve cloud detection methods for imagery acquired by the Sentinel-2 satellites. However, the lack of consensus and transparency in existing reference datasets hampers the benchmarking of current cloud detection methods. Exploiting the [...]
Published: 2022-09-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In the Bhagirathi River Transect of the Garhwal Himalaya, India, the existence of the Jhala Normal Fault (JNF) and its movement sense are disputed. The JNF has been considered either as part of the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) or as a distinct, more southerly discontinuity within the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Sequence (HHCS). Field studies reveal that the JNF lies entirely within the [...]
Published: 2022-09-24
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Hydrology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Small waterbodies are sensitive to stressors such as eutrophication and heatwaves; however, interactions between macrophytes and hydrodynamics may mediate the effects of compounding stressors. Leveraging an ecosystem experiment and hydrodynamic model, we evaluated how macrophyte biomass, thermal structure, and dissolved oxygen (DO) responded to the interaction of episodic nutrient loading and [...]
Published: 2022-09-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, New Zealand, ruptured more than a dozen faults, making it difficult to prescribe a model fault for analysing the event by inversion. To model this earthquake from teleseismic records, we used a potency density tensor inversion, which projects multiple fault slips onto a single model fault plane, which reduced the non-uniqueness due to the uncertainty in selecting the [...]
Published: 2022-09-23
Subjects: Natural Resources and Conservation, Water Resource Management
Protected areas are a key tool for conserving biodiversity, sustaining ecosystem services and improving human well-being. Global initiatives that aim to expand and connect protected areas generally focus on controlling ‘above ground’ impacts such as land use, overlooking the potential for human actions in adjacent areas to affect protected areas through groundwater flow. Here, we assess the [...]
Published: 2022-09-23
Subjects: Life Sciences
Both urban and rural environments around the globe have become dominated by alien plant species to the extent that plantscapes from one region or country have become difficult to distinguish from many others. This process of plant community homogenisation comes at a cost to cultural identity and undermines people’s sense of place. Although invasive alien plant species have received considerable [...]
Published: 2022-09-23
Subjects: Life Sciences
Non-technical summary As green spaces, lawns are often thought to capture carbon from the atmosphere. However, once mowing, fertlising, and irrigation are taken into account, we show that they become carbon sources, at least in the long run. Converting unused urban and rural lawn and grassland to treescapes can make a substantial contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing [...]
Published: 2022-09-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
The Marine20 radiocarbon (14C) age calibration curve, and all earlier marine radiocarbon calibration curves from the IntCal group, must be used extremely cautiously for the calibration of marine 14C samples from polar regions (outside ~ 40ºS – 40ºN) during glacial periods. Calibrating polar 14C marine samples from glacial periods against any Marine calibration curve (Marine20 or any earlier [...]
Published: 2022-09-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Mineral Physics
Montebras-en-Soumans pegmatitic cupola hosts large pods of phosphate composed of primary amblygonite-montebrasite. These aluminium phosphate masses are considerably altered by post-magmatic processes producing a number of secondary metasomatic hydrothermal phosphates (lacroixite, wardite, morinite, viitaniemiite, apatite, triplite, eosphorite) and low-temperature phosphates (apatite, crandallite, [...]