Preprints
There are 5662 Preprints listed.
Mapping Rock Density in Ireland via Image-Based Geological Classification and Geodetic Modeling
Published: 2025-06-03
Subjects: Engineering
This study presents a comprehensive geospatial and geophysical workflow designed to develop a detailed rock density model for Ireland. The methodology integrates image-based classification of geological maps, specifically from the Geological Survey of Ireland (GSI), with precise geodetic computations. We detail the procedures for classifying rock types based on RGB values, assigning accurate [...]
Moist Convection and Radiative Cooling: Dynamical Response and Scaling
Published: 2025-06-02
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
Moist convection is a fundamental process occurring in the Earth's atmosphere. It plays a central role in the weather and climate of the tropics where, to first order, the heating of the atmosphere by convection is in balance with the cooling of the atmosphere by the emission of radiation to outer space. In this study, we use a Cloud Resolving Model in Radiative-Convective Equilibrium with an [...]
Vegetation Dynamics and Their Contribution to the Little Ice Age
Published: 2025-06-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Causes of the Little Ice Age (LIA) have remained a subject of intensive research due to its significance. The causes of the LIA have been largely speculative; however, recent studies suggest that plant and vegetation growth may provide a plausible explanation. The LIA period coincided with an ecological encounter, as humans from the Old and New Worlds exchanged goods and diseases. A significant [...]
Optimisation of Agrivoltaic Systems within the Water-Energy-Food Nexus
Published: 2025-06-01
Subjects: Agriculture, Power and Energy, Systems Engineering
Agrivoltaic (APV) systems, which co-locate photovoltaic (PV) panels with agricultural production, have emerged as a promising strategy to simultaneously address water, energy, and food sustainability challenges. However, the optimal design of such systems remains complex due to competing objectives, site-specific conditions, and increasingly stringent policy constraints. This study presents a [...]
Modeling Fluid Dynamics in Porous Media: A Pore-Scale Flow Analysis
Published: 2025-05-31
Subjects: Engineering
This study investigates single-phase fluid flow in porous media using advanced numerical methods, with a focus on pore-scale dynamics, to address the limitations of traditional models, such as Darcy's law. The research utilizes the Creeping Flow interface and the Brinkman equation to analyze velocity and pressure distributions in heterogeneous porous media. Qualitative results indicate the [...]
Tropical Intertidal Microbiome Response to the 2024 Pasir Panjang Oil Spill
Published: 2025-05-31
Subjects: Life Sciences
Marine fuel oil (MFO) spills in tropical coastal environments are under-characterized despite increasing risk from maritime activities. Microbial and geochemical responses to the June 2024 Pasir Panjang MFO spill on Singapore’s intertidal sediments were analyzed in real time over 185 days. Using metagenomics and hydrocarbon profiling, microbial community shifts and hydrocarbon degradation were [...]
Large-sample characterization of flooding events in India
Published: 2025-05-31
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Effective flood management requires a robust understanding of past floods. In India, such understanding is largely limited to case studies due to the absence of a standardized observed flood dataset. We address this gap by presenting a national dataset of 7500 flooding events, developed by merging observed streamflow records with official flooding thresholds and augmenting it with multiple [...]
Validation and Metrics for Emissions Detection by Satellite
Published: 2025-05-31
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Detecting and quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from individual sites by satellite remote sensing has emerged as a powerful new method in recent years. As more and more players enter the field, based on a variety of technologies for both instrumentation and data processing, there is a need for standardized methods for evaluating the performance of these systems. This document is focused on the [...]
Coral microatoll partial mortality after multi-hour subaerial exposure: Implications for relative sea-level studies
Published: 2025-05-30
Subjects: Geomorphology, Marine Biology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Some intertidal corals, known as microatolls, have a distinct morphology that reflects changes in local relative sea level. While past observations have shown that the top surface of these corals may be killed by subaerial exposure, little is known about the exact oceanographic or environmental conditions that cause a coral to die down to a particular level. Here, we combine field surveys, [...]
(Social) Innovation in Climate Services Provision
Published: 2025-05-30
Subjects: Geography
The development and adoption of climate services is a dynamic process requiring integration and social acceptance. This study explores how innovative approaches to climate service design can address usability and acceptability gaps and support their integration into urban climate risk management. Using transdisciplinary co-design methods, the study highlights the importance of engaging users to [...]
Remote sensing for sustainable river management: Evaluating watershed vulnerability for Ganga, the world’s most densely populated river basin
Published: 2025-05-29
Subjects: Risk Analysis
When standing water mixes with wastewater, it can create serious public health and environmental concerns. This scenario is particularly dangerous in densely populated urban areas with inadequate infrastructure. Such contamination threatens to cause major public health crises in the Ganga River basin where monsoonal flooding, which is exacerbated by climate change, converges with 6 billion liters [...]
MushBox: In Situ Biodegration of Municipal Solid Waste Through Mycoremediation via Mycelium and Cellulosic Waste Integration.
Published: 2025-05-29
Subjects: Life Sciences, Plant Sciences
Exponential buildup of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in landfills accounting for 60% of the 292.4 million tons, presents a major environmental challenge. This leads to ecological disruptions, groundwater contamination, wildlife harm from microplastics, and contributes to climate change. MushBox deploys mycoremediation to decompose MSW, leveraging the unique capabilities of mycelium. This [...]
Climate Resilient Agriculture Vulnerability Mapping of Indian Districts – Directions for Future Policy Planning
Published: 2025-05-29
Subjects: Risk Analysis
Climate change poses significant risks to agriculture, especially in agro-dependent, climate-vulnerable regions and states of India. This study applies a machine learning-based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to assess agricultural risks, climate vulnerability in various Indian states with diverse climatic variables to address India's 2070 net-zero goal. It addresses the existing research [...]
Predator response diversity to warming enables ecosystem resilience in the Galápagos
Published: 2025-05-29
Subjects: Biodiversity
An important impact of global warming in nature is the decline of ecological functions such as primary production, habitat provision, and carbon sequestration. These functions can be disrupted when the species that perform them are impaired by anthropogenic warming or other stressors. Where there is a diversity of responses to warming among the species filling these roles, the function is more [...]
Making carbon management work – navigating technical and policy uncertainty towards a net-zero future
Published: 2025-05-29
Subjects: Engineering