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Preprints

There are 6895 Preprints listed.

Quantifying 3D Modeling Errors in Time-Domain Electromagnetics: Implications for Deterministic and Probabilistic Inversions

Frederik Alexander Falk, Anders Vest Christiansen, Thomas Mejer Hansen

Published: 2026-04-28
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology

Subsurface resistivity in geophysics is commonly estimated indirectly from dependent measurements. This relationship can be approximated in a forward operator using physical models, such as Maxwell’s equations for time-domain electromagnetics (TDEM), where measured voltages in receiver coils arise from decaying magnetic fields. In TDEM, the inverse operator usually does not exist, so inversion [...]

Non-Federal Climate Leadership Can Sustain U.S. Emissions Reductions Under Federal Policy Uncertainty

Alicia Zhao, Kiara Ordonez Olazabal, Claire V. Squire, et al.

Published: 2026-04-27
Subjects: Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences

Recent federal climate policy rollbacks in the United States have slowed progress toward high-ambition climate targets under the Paris Agreement. In the absence of federal climate leadership, there is a growing need to better understand the potential impacts of non-federal climate action. We assess the impacts of recent changes in federal policy, non-federal climate leadership, and potential [...]

Why the Cap-Ferret sand spit is collapsing

benjamin gasque gasque

Published: 2026-04-27
Subjects: Geomorphology, Hydrology, Oceanography, Sedimentology

The Cap-Ferret sand spit (SW France) exhibits a pattern of coastal instability that combines chronic shoreline retreat (8.7 m·yr⁻¹ at the tip, Robinet et al. 2025), sudden vertical collapses of emplaced structures (WW2 blockhaus 2024, 2026; oyster-farm sector 1936, 1977; Hortense promenade 1999, 2000, 2014, 2019), and progressive deepening of submarine pits (Hortense-Pointe depression volume [...]

Understanding fiber-optic sensitivity to a wavefield: A framework to separate site amplification from orientation effects

Olivier Fontaine, Andreas Fichtner, Thomas Samuel Hudson, et al.

Published: 2026-04-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

When analyzing signals from Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), the recorded amplitude across the array can be difficult to interpret, as it is influenced by many parameters. In this work, we explore the theoretical foundations of fiber sensing amplitude transfer functions. We begin with linear fiber segments and progressively extend to more complex geometries to create polarization [...]

A Report on Assumptions and Uncertainties in Modeling Nuclear Winter

Madeline Berzak, Bennett Cullision, Yohana Eshetu, et al.

Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Nuclear winter is arguably the biggest consequence of a nuclear war that the field seeks to prevent; experts study nuclear winter to prevent civilizational collapse and widespread catastrophe. A nuclear winter would be, for lack of better words, really bad. As long as the risk of nuclear war exists, so too will the catastrophic risk of a nuclear winter. Much of the modeling and research that [...]

Research on Real-time Detection Method of Rice Diseases and Pests Based on Improved YOLOv10s Model

Yongbo Li, Jiaxuan Hao, Hong Yu

Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering

As one of the world's most important food crops, rice's yield and quality are largely threatened by pests and diseases, necessitating a highly accurate, fast-responding, and adaptable intelligent detection method to support pest and disease control and sustainable agricultural development. This paper addresses the problems of low accuracy, poor real-time performance, and sensitivity to occlusion [...]

Overshoot pathways of 1.5°C: reversible biophysical change, irreversible socioeconomic impacts

Alaa Al Khourdajie, Marina Andrijevic, Edward Byers, et al.

Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences

Exceedance of 1.5°C in the near term is now unavoidable. Among pathways consistent with the remaining carbon budget, an overshoot pathway, in which exceedance is followed by decline to or below 1.5°C through net-negative emissions, is the best case of what remains achievable. Permanent exceedance produces strictly worse outcomes, yet even an overshoot pathway leaves lasting legacies. We propose a [...]

Species specific mangrove habitat suitability and scenario dependent blue carbon modeling under uncertainty in Soc Trang Province, Vietnam

Manh-Dung Vu, Hoang-Minh Cong To, Harvey Hoang-Anh Ly, et al.

Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences

This study develops an integrated framework for species specific mangrove habitat suitability and scenario dependent blue carbon planning in Soc Trang Province, Vietnam. The spatial model translates ecological zonation evidence for 11 mangrove taxa into local rules based on coastal distance and elevation, then tests those rules across 19 spatial scenarios. The carbon model carries the resulting [...]

Evidence of non-additional pig manure offset projects

Grayson Badgley, Freya Chay

Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Geography

Each carbon offset represents the claim that one ton of CO₂ emissions has been avoided or removed from the atmosphere. For offsets to deliver real climate benefits, the emission reductions they represent must be “additional,” meaning they would not have occurred without financial support from the carbon market. Despite its importance, additionality has proven difficult to achieve in practice. [...]

Agricultural Fallowing Drives Extreme Anthropogenic Dust and Visibility Degradation During the October 2021 Dust Event in California’s Central Valley

Yang Yu, Shu-Hua Chen, Adeyemi A Adebiyi, et al.

Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences

Anthropogenic dust aerosols from agricultural land affect regional air quality, visibility, and radiation, yet they are often ignored in atmospheric models. Here, we investigate the role of fallow croplands in driving anthropogenic dust emissions during the October 11, 2021, wind-driven dust event over California’s Central Valley (CV). The simulation without fallow croplands fails to reproduce [...]

Spatial Assessment of Soil Erosion Risk Using RUSLE and GIS in Upland Agricultural Barangays of Candelaria, Quezon, Philippines

Whilmer Agdan Mendoza

Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, A= R • K • LS • C • P, to assess soil loss and propose soil conservation strategies in Candelaria, Quezon, Philippines, addressing increasing erosion evidenced by collapsing hillsides, sedimentation, and soil displacement from construction. The RUSLE model, with adjustments in the [...]

Evaluation of H2O-CO2 solubility models in silicate melts: Precision and accuracy of vapor saturation pressure and composition

Ery Catherine Hughes, Lee Saper

Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Solubility models for H2O and CO2 in silicate melt are crucial in igneous petrology and volcanology, in particular for calculating the pressure of vapor saturation of melts from their dissolved volatile content as a barometer, as well as melt and vapor compositions and proportions during degassing. We assessed the accuracy and precision of the calculated pressure of vapor saturation and [...]

Microphysical Evolution of Precipitation During Convective Storm Life-Cycles and Implications for Radar QPE: Combined Radar–Disdrometer Observations from Kolkata, Eastern India

SHUBHENDU KARMAKAR, Suman Saha, Malay Pal

Published: 2026-04-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Through dedicated observations with a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer at Dumdum (22.65°N, 88.43°E) and the S-band Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) (22.57°N, 88.35°E) over Kolkata, this study provides in-depth analysis of drop size distribution (DSD) evolution over each stage from initiation to decay of contrasting convective storms over Kolkata, eastern India due to its complicated terrain in monsoon [...]

Exploratory MPAS Sensitivity Experiments on Rainforest Biogenic Salt Aerosols, Tropical Rainfall, and Poleward Moisture Transport

Brian Lue

Published: 2026-04-25
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Planetary Hydrology

Rainforest ecosystems emit biologically influenced aerosol particles, including potassium-rich and other hygroscopic components that may affect warm-rain microphysics. While tropical biogenic aerosols have been studied extensively, their sensitivity within coarse-resolution global models remains incompletely characterized, particularly under differing background aerosol states. Here we present [...]

Reevaluating the Abbabis Complex: Intrusive relationships and melt connectivity in a syn-orogenic migmatite–granite system, Damara Orogen, Namibia

Thomas Lloyd Jones, Alex Otto, Ed Becker, et al.

Published: 2026-04-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure

The Abbabis Complex in the Damara Orogen has long been interpreted as a pre-Damaran (c. 1–2 Ga) basement terrane unconformably overlain by Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Damara Supergroup. New field mapping and geochemical data from the Ida Dome and Husabberg Anticlinorium encourages re-evaluation of this interpretation. The Abbabis Complex comprises migmatites, larger leucogranite [...]

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