There are 2102 Preprints listed.
Published: 2021-03-26
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
It is shown, using results of direct numerical simulations, laboratory experiments, measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer, in troposphere, in stratosphere, and the satellite infrared radiances data that in many cases the temperature fluctuations in buoyancy driven chaotic and turbulent atmosphere can be well described by the distributed chaos approach based on the Bolgiano-Obukhov [...]
Published: 2021-03-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Statistics and Probability
Subsurface activities, such as reservoir gas production, geothermal heat extraction, ground water extraction, phreatic groundwater level lowering, storage of natural gas and CO2, potentially lead to geomechanical risks. The two most critical instances of these risks are anthropogenically-induced seismicity and subsidence. A combination of geological interpretations with seismic campaigns and [...]
Published: 2021-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Between 2014 and 2017, almost 200 new seismic stations were installed in Alaska and northwestern Canada as part of the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array. These stations currently provide an unprecedented capability for the detection and location of seismic events in regions with otherwise relatively sparse station coverage. Two interesting earthquake sequences in 2018 and 2019 in the [...]
Published: 2021-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
The thermal evolution of subducting slabs controls a range of subduction processes, yet we lack a robust understanding of how thermal structure develops over a subduction zone’s lifetime. We investigate the time-dependence of slab thermal structure using dynamically consistent, time evolving models. Pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions along the slab Moho and slab top exhibit substantial [...]
Published: 2021-03-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Plutons in crustal shear zones may exploit inherited structures, interfere with strain localizing or be deformed passively. To constrain the relative timing of such tectono-magmatic constellations in natural settings is not always straight-forward. We here present sandbox-type analogue model experiments simulating magma emplacement into simple and transtensional crustal shear zones to test the [...]
Published: 2021-03-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tropical cyclones (TC) are one of the most destructive natural events claiming a lot of human lives and devastating coastal areas. Despite the advanced understanding of the formation of TC, prediction capabilities on the rapid intensification (RI) of TCs remain unsatisfactory. In this study, a deep learning framework using satellite images is used for the first time to identify RI events. We [...]
Published: 2021-03-23
Subjects: Geomorphology, Tectonics and Structure
Hypothesized feedbacks between climate and tectonics are mediated by the relationship between topography and long-term erosion rates. While many studies show monotonic relationships between channel steepness and erosion rates, the degree of nonlinearity in this relationship is geographically variable. There is a critical need to mechanistically explain controls on this relationship in natural [...]
Published: 2021-03-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tropical deep convection plays a key role at the tropical depression stage of tropical cyclogenesis by aggregating vorticity, but no existing theory can depict such a stochastic vorticity aggregation process. Vorticity probability distribution function (PDF) is proposed as a tool to predict the horizontal structure and wind speed of the tropical depression, a tropical cyclone in its early stage. [...]
Published: 2021-03-22
Subjects: Agriculture
At the intersection of climate change and rural development, wildfire has emerged as a threat to agriculture in the western United States. This nexus is particularly problematic for the rapidly developing cannabis industry in California, which includes farms located outside of traditional agricultural zones and within landscapes potentially more prone to wildfire. Using fire hazard severity [...]
Published: 2021-03-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering
Vertical deformation profiles of subterranean geological formations are conventionally measured by borehole extensometry. Distributed strain sensing (DSS) paired with fiber-optic cables installed in the ground opens up possibilities of acquiring high-resolution static and quasistatic strain profiles of deforming strata, but it is currently limited by reduced data quality due to complicated [...]
Published: 2021-03-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Spatio-temporal analysis of droughts is of paramount importance especially for future climate scenarios. We use complex network theoretic measures to understand spatio-temporal properties of precipitation driven meteorological drought across India in past and future climate scenarios. We construct drought networks using Event synchronization (ES) for moderate and extreme drought conditions [...]
Published: 2021-03-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Globally, inland waters emit over 2 Pg of carbon (C) per year as carbon dioxide (CO2), of which the majority originates from streams and rivers. Despite the global significance of fluvial CO2 emissions, little is known about their diel dynamics. We present the first large-scale assessment of day- and night-time CO2 fluxes at the water-air interface across European streams. Fluxes were directly [...]
Published: 2021-03-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We study the Moho, the mid-lithospheric discontinuity (MLD), and the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) from southern Africa to northern Arabia, from Archean cratons to active rifts, at 1° resolution using our comprehensive new database of shear-wave receiver functions (SRFs). The good agreement between the Moho depth obtained from our SRFs and published P-wave receiver function (PRF) [...]
Published: 2021-03-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Fault growth and dimensions are controlled by mechanical stratigraphy on seismic scales. Here we present a detailed analysis of largely blind faults and their kinematics Offshore, Angola; where, salt bodies and mass-transport complexes (MTC) act as mechanically restricting elements to an array of extensional faults. Our study presents mechanically restricted faults whose data fall within the [...]
Published: 2021-03-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The past 100 years have seen the occurrence of five $\MW\geq9$ earthquakes and 94 $\MW\geq8$ earthquakes. Here we assess the potential for future great earthquakes using inferences of interseismic subduction zone coupling from a global block model incorporating both tectonic plate motions and earthquake cycle effects. Interseismic earthquake cycle effects are represented using a first-order [...]