Preprints
There are 7141 Preprints listed.
GSDD, A Catchment-Scale Global Streamflow Drought Database based on Observed Daily Discharge
Published: 2026-06-13
Subjects: Engineering
Streamflow droughts increasingly threaten global water security, hydropower production, and freshwater ecosystems. Understanding observed streamflow drought characteristics is key to water supply management, energy and food production. However, global drought datasets primarily rely on meteorological indicators (e.g., precipitation and evapotranspiration), while a few offers grid-based [...]
Warming above, cooling below: First model-based quantitative thermal- regime assessment and subsurface thermal evolution of Nivlisen Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, revealing non-equilibrium thermal adjustment and progressive thermal preconditioning
Published: 2026-06-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present the first quantitative thermal characterisation of Nivlisen Ice Shelf, central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, using a one-dimensional heat-transfer model forced by ERA5 surface skin temperatures (1940–2025). For the primary scenario (H = 312 m), the steady-state solution yields a mid-column temperature of −4.89 °C, Péclet number Pe = 4 (intermediate conduction–advection regime), [...]
Permafrost Degradation and Ecological Restoration Technologies in the Northeastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A Case Study of Xining and Surrounding Areas
Published: 2026-06-13
Subjects: Engineering
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents the highest-altitude and largest-area permafrost distribution zone in global mid-to-low latitude regions. Its northeastern margin, encompassing Xining City and surrounding areas, constitutes a critical transitional zone where seasonal permafrost and perennial permafrost interweave. Driven by the dual forces of global climate warming and anthropogenic [...]
Modelling the Evolution of Elliptical Röthlisberger Channels
Published: 2026-06-12
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics, Glaciology, Other Mathematics
Subglacial water flow is critical to basal sliding and ice dynamics. Modelling the coupled evolution of subglacial drainage and ice flow remains challenging, however. This study investigates the evolution of the basal ice-water interface by analysing heat and fluid flow in idealised englacial channels. We extend the classical Röthlisberger model for circular channels to elliptical channel [...]
From Public Weather Images to House-Scale Convective Nowcasting: A Latency-Aware, Multi-Source Fusion and Alerting System Built Entirely from Open Data
Published: 2026-06-12
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Short-range convective warning systems are usually evaluated as gridded meteorological products, but many real decisions are point decisions: whether a specific place will be affected in the next minutes to hours, whether the event is electrically active, and when conditions will improve. This paper presents RADARES, a low-cost operational nowcasting and alerting system built entirely from public [...]
An efficient method for deriving volatility basis sets from thermodenuder and particle levitation data.
Published: 2026-06-12
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Transport Phenomena
Deriving a volatility basis set (VBS) from measurements of particle evaporation in a thermodenuder or single-particle levitation apparatus has traditionally relied on repeated numerical solution of the evaporation equations to find the VBS that best reproduces observed particle sizes. This approach is computationally demanding and offers little insight into the factors that control the retrieval. [...]
PIKART Version 1.1: Release Notes
Published: 2026-06-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The PIK Atmospheric River Trajectories (PIKART) catalog is a global, high-resolution catalog of atmospheric rivers (ARs). Version 1.1 (v1.1) addresses two algorithmic bugs present in version 1.0 (v1.0): a boundary artifact at 30°E emerging during the extraction of the background component of the integrated vapor transport (IVT), and an error in the AR tracking algorithm that affected the [...]
A scoping review to map research gaps and opportunities relating to heat-related health hazards in countries surrounding Lake Victoria, Africa.
Published: 2026-06-11
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Public Health, Physical and Environmental Geography, Sustainability
Urban populations in sub-Saharan Africa are at rising risks of climate-related health hazards due to global climate change and uncontrolled rapid urbanization. Despite the increasing recognition of these challenges, the extent to which urban climates impact health outcomes in Africa remains poorly understood. East African countries surrounding the Lake Victoria Basin (Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, [...]
Novel Data-driven High-Frequency Mass Change Models from GRACE orbit residuals
Published: 2026-06-11
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Glaciology, Hydrology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a fully data-driven framework for transforming residual K-band range-rate (KBRR) data from GRACE into 5-day mass change models expressed in Equivalent Water Height (EWH). The approach first derives residual range and Line-of-Sight Gravity Differences (LGDs) from monthly post-fit residual range-rates and combines them with 5-day post-fit residuals. A hybrid formulation, merging LGD- and [...]
Historical biogeography of Middle-East mangroves: paleobotanical evidence
Published: 2026-06-11
Subjects: Paleontology
This paper reconstructs the origin, diversification, and decline of Middle East (ME) mangroves from the Late Cretaceous to the present using the MESMA database, a comprehensive compilation of fossil pollen and macrofossil records integrated with paleogeographic, tectonic, climatic and sea-level evidence. To date, global paleobiogeographical and evolutionary syntheses of mangroves have emphasized [...]
High-resolution monthly sectoral water demands for the U.S. over 1980-2100
Published: 2026-06-11
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
U.S. water demand varies sharply by sector and region as land use, population, weather patterns, and economic activity co-evolve. High-resolution water demand data are required to capture these dynamics and to support integrated energy-water-land modeling and local-to-regional water scarcity assessments. We present a gridded (1/8$^{\circ}$), monthly, multi-sector water demand dataset for the [...]
The influence of speed and scale of carbon dioxide removal on overshoot peak temperature and duration
Published: 2026-06-11
Subjects: Other Earth Sciences, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics
CO2 emissions are pushing global temperatures higher, with the Paris Agreement temperature target of limiting warming to no more than 1.5°C above the preindustrial average likely to be exceeded within the next two decades. Overshooting this target before reducing global temperature by the end of the century is increasingly viewed as a potential pathway to still meet the Paris Agreement target, [...]
Reactive soil inputs during high-flow events decouple carbon chemistry and CO2 evasion in a granitic headwater stream
Published: 2026-06-11
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Hydrology
Quantifying CO2 dynamics in low-alkalinity headwater streams is challenging because thermodynamically based evaluations of pCO2 and CO2 fluxes (FCO2) assume coherent DIC-alkalinity-pH coupling. This study examines how hydrologically driven disturbances violate this assumption in a forested, granitic headwater stream using 15 months of calculated pCO2 and FCO2, alongside measurements of pH, [...]
Shifting Patterns of Summer Humid Heatwaves Highlight Growing Threat over South Asia and Middle East–North Africa
Published: 2026-06-11
Subjects: Engineering
Humid heatwaves (HHWs), marked by elevated heat−high moisture compounding, are increasingly concerning for sustainable development in South-Asia (SAS) and the Middle East–North Africa (MENA). We examine the spatiotemporal compounding of HHWs during summer (March−August) across 268 urban and peri-urban sites within the IPCC–reference regions in the SAS and MENA using in-situ observations. We [...]
Future hydrology of a Himalayan basin shaped by elevation dependent shifts in water balance components
Published: 2026-06-10
Subjects: Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mountainous basins in the Himalayas serve as critical ``water towers'' sustaining downstream livelihoods, yet their hydrological response to climate change is complex due to extreme elevation gradients. This study investigates the future hydrology of the Karnali basin (situated in Western Nepal) by disaggregating water balance components along its elevation profile. Using the fully distributed [...]