Preprints
There are 6900 Preprints listed.
Croplands as thermodynamic agents in a high-CO2 world
Published: 2026-04-28
Subjects: Other Environmental Sciences
Rising atmospheric CO2 is widely expected to influence crops through physiological pathways, yet croplands are also extensive physical interfaces that regulate land–atmosphere energy exchange. Despite covering 12–15% of Earth’s ice-free land surface, their role in surface energy balance under elevated CO2 remains poorly constrained. Most CO2 enrichment studies have not explicitly resolved the [...]
Retrieval of Cloud Optical Thickness Based on FY-4B Geostationary Satellite Multichannel Data Combined with Machine Learning
Published: 2026-04-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Accurate real-time retrieval of cloud optical thickness (COT) is of great significance for meteorological operations and climate research. To address the limitations of traditional physical methods, which rely on prior parameters, exhibit slow response times, and suffer from poor adaptability, this study proposes a COT retrieval method based on multichannel data from the FY-4B geostationary [...]
Soil Remineralization in Agroecological Systems: A Critical Review
Published: 2026-04-28
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Soil degradation threatens global food security, human nutrition, biodiversity, water resources, and climate stability by depleting soil organic matter, exhausting nutrient reserves, and disrupting carbon and nitrogen cycles. Conventional input‑intensive agriculture has delivered yield gains but has also contributed to widespread micronutrient deficiencies, nutrient loading of waterways, soil [...]
Assessment of riverbed evolution in the Vam Nao River under the influence of sand mining using a numerical model
Published: 2026-04-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Riverbed sand mining is a major anthropogenic driver of sediment imbalance and riverbank erosion in the Mekong Delta. This study investigates its morphological impacts using the hydrodynamic–morphological model HYDIST, coupled with a sand mining source function (Ssm), to directly simulate unsustainable sand mining. The model is applied to the Vam Nao River, a confluence connecting the Tien and [...]
Efficient Full-Waveform Inversion via QR-Based Data Selection
Published: 2026-04-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is computationally intensive due to the large number of data points, forward simulations, and model parameters. However, realistic acquisition geometries often produce highly redundant linearized systems. In this work, we reformulate post-acquisition data selection as a matrix row-subset selection problem acting directly on the Jacobian of the linearized inverse [...]
Quantifying 3D Modeling Errors in Time-Domain Electromagnetics: Implications for Deterministic and Probabilistic Inversions
Published: 2026-04-28
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Subsurface resistivity in geophysics is commonly estimated indirectly from dependent measurements. This relationship can be approximated in a forward operator using physical models, such as Maxwell’s equations for time-domain electromagnetics (TDEM), where measured voltages in receiver coils arise from decaying magnetic fields. In TDEM, the inverse operator usually does not exist, so inversion [...]
Non-Federal Climate Leadership Can Sustain U.S. Emissions Reductions Under Federal Policy Uncertainty
Published: 2026-04-27
Subjects: Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Recent federal climate policy rollbacks in the United States have slowed progress toward high-ambition climate targets under the Paris Agreement. In the absence of federal climate leadership, there is a growing need to better understand the potential impacts of non-federal climate action. We assess the impacts of recent changes in federal policy, non-federal climate leadership, and potential [...]
Why the Cap-Ferret sand spit is collapsing
Published: 2026-04-27
Subjects: Geomorphology, Hydrology, Oceanography, Sedimentology
The Cap-Ferret sand spit (SW France) exhibits a pattern of coastal instability that combines chronic shoreline retreat (8.7 m·yr⁻¹ at the tip, Robinet et al. 2025), sudden vertical collapses of emplaced structures (WW2 blockhaus 2024, 2026; oyster-farm sector 1936, 1977; Hortense promenade 1999, 2000, 2014, 2019), and progressive deepening of submarine pits (Hortense-Pointe depression volume [...]
Understanding fiber-optic sensitivity to a wavefield: A framework to separate site amplification from orientation effects
Published: 2026-04-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
When analyzing signals from Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), the recorded amplitude across the array can be difficult to interpret, as it is influenced by many parameters. In this work, we explore the theoretical foundations of fiber sensing amplitude transfer functions. We begin with linear fiber segments and progressively extend to more complex geometries to create polarization [...]
A Report on Assumptions and Uncertainties in Modeling Nuclear Winter
Published: 2026-04-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nuclear winter is arguably the biggest consequence of a nuclear war that the field seeks to prevent; experts study nuclear winter to prevent civilizational collapse and widespread catastrophe. A nuclear winter would be, for lack of better words, really bad. As long as the risk of nuclear war exists, so too will the catastrophic risk of a nuclear winter. Much of the modeling and research that [...]
Research on Real-time Detection Method of Rice Diseases and Pests Based on Improved YOLOv10s Model
Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering
As one of the world's most important food crops, rice's yield and quality are largely threatened by pests and diseases, necessitating a highly accurate, fast-responding, and adaptable intelligent detection method to support pest and disease control and sustainable agricultural development. This paper addresses the problems of low accuracy, poor real-time performance, and sensitivity to occlusion [...]
Overshoot pathways of 1.5°C: reversible biophysical change, irreversible socioeconomic impacts
Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Exceedance of 1.5°C in the near term is now unavoidable. Among pathways consistent with the remaining carbon budget, an overshoot pathway, in which exceedance is followed by decline to or below 1.5°C through net-negative emissions, is the best case of what remains achievable. Permanent exceedance produces strictly worse outcomes, yet even an overshoot pathway leaves lasting legacies. We propose a [...]
Species specific mangrove habitat suitability and scenario dependent blue carbon modeling under uncertainty in Soc Trang Province, Vietnam
Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
This study develops an integrated framework for species specific mangrove habitat suitability and scenario dependent blue carbon planning in Soc Trang Province, Vietnam. The spatial model translates ecological zonation evidence for 11 mangrove taxa into local rules based on coastal distance and elevation, then tests those rules across 19 spatial scenarios. The carbon model carries the resulting [...]
Evidence of non-additional pig manure offset projects
Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Geography
Each carbon offset represents the claim that one ton of CO₂ emissions has been avoided or removed from the atmosphere. For offsets to deliver real climate benefits, the emission reductions they represent must be “additional,” meaning they would not have occurred without financial support from the carbon market. Despite its importance, additionality has proven difficult to achieve in practice. [...]
Agricultural Fallowing Drives Extreme Anthropogenic Dust and Visibility Degradation During the October 2021 Dust Event in California’s Central Valley
Published: 2026-04-26
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
Anthropogenic dust aerosols from agricultural land affect regional air quality, visibility, and radiation, yet they are often ignored in atmospheric models. Here, we investigate the role of fallow croplands in driving anthropogenic dust emissions during the October 11, 2021, wind-driven dust event over California’s Central Valley (CV). The simulation without fallow croplands fails to reproduce [...]