Preprints
There are 6265 Preprints listed.
Short-term morphological response of rubble coral islands to the impact of a small tropical cyclone
Published: 2025-11-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are extreme storm events with the potential to cause significant damage to coral reef and island ecosystems. The evolution of coral rubble (shingle) islands within these ecosystems relies on the complex eco-morphodynamic relationship between the supply of biogenic sediment from the reef and subsequent transport by hydrodynamic forces. Storms have the potential to alter [...]
A First Principles Critique of the Back Calculation Method: Understanding and Assessing the Alteration of Atmospheric Gases Trapped in Ancient Fluid Inclusions
Published: 2025-11-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The extraction of atmospheric gases from fluid inclusions has emerged as an extremely promising approach for directly constraining the composition of Earth's ancient atmospheres. However, the veracity of data obtained from these inclusions critically depends on how well one can account for the effects of physical chemistry and post-depositional alteration. The Back Calculation Method (BCM) [...]
Governing the cryosphere beyond political timeframes
Published: 2025-11-26
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Glaciology, Nature and Society Relations, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Sustainability
Cryospheric systems are nearing irreversible thresholds, yet political processes remain misaligned with the long timescales of ice loss. Using COP30 as context, we argue that cryosphere science must inform governance capable of linking near-term decisions with long-term stability in a rapidly changing world.
Timescales of Antarctic ice shelf loss via basal crevassing
Published: 2025-11-26
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Antarctic ice-shelves are vulnerable to collapse in a warming climate. However, when this might happen is largely unknown, propagating significant uncertainty into sea-level-rise projections. To constrain this uncertainty, we use fracture modelling to predict the timescales on which crevasses fully penetrate ice-shelves, and consider how these timescales change under future warming. We find that [...]
Computation to Choose a Future: Planetary Stewardship in the Age of AI
Published: 2025-11-26
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The accelerating transformations of the Anthropocene demand governance systems capable of anticipating and steering complex, nonlinear Earth-system dynamics. Existing models optimize for likely trajectories rather than exploring a broader set of futures. This commentary introduces the concept of Computational Foresight (CF): an integrative framework combining artificial intelligence, simulation, [...]
Extremely Shallow Semi-Repeating Tremor Caused by Water Hammers in a Sewer Pipe in Social Circle, Georgia
Published: 2025-11-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Repeating earthquakes are mostly generated by small asperities that are loaded by continuous creep surrounding them, and their recurrence times are inversely proportional to the loading rates. However, sometimes anthropogenic activities can also produce repeated seismic shakings with shorter recurrence intervals, and their source mechanisms can vary. Here we investigated semi-repeating ground [...]
Numerical calculation of coastal trapped wave modes
Published: 2025-11-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A numerical method is developed to calculate coastal trapped wave (CTW) modes in the low-frequency limit ω ≪ f. The modes are solutions to a 2-dimensional eigenvalue problem. Useful properties like orthogonality are derived from the bilinear form associated with the operator of the eigenvalue problem. Our formulation uses the z coordinates and the CTW equation is discretized with a [...]
Assessing pluvial flood hazard potential using multi-criteria decision making and iterative ensemble smoothing in New York City, Long Island, and Long Island Sound watersheds
Published: 2025-11-25
Subjects: Hydrology
Exposure to pluvial floods poses significant hazards, and predicting flood locations can be challenging. We developed a metric that quantifies relative flood hazard across Long Island, New York and the watersheds surrounding Long Island Sound. Based on surface topography, land surface characteristics, and historical weather patterns, we identified seven factors with readily available data that [...]
Weathering Trends Unveil K-Metasomatism in Bundelkhand Granitoids: Resolving the Pink–Grey Granitoid Paradox
Published: 2025-11-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The petrogenetic puzzle of pink coloration of granitoid rocks is rooted on the debate between primary magmatic versus metasomatic origin of K-feldspar, which, in turn, has persisted due to difficulties in distinguishing these processes through conventional petrographic methods. This study introduces a novel approach using chemical weathering patterns in ACNK ternary diagrams (Al2O3, CaO + Na2O, [...]
Nernstian stability of the Eh–O2 relationship reveals redox structural shifts
Published: 2025-11-23
Subjects: Biogeochemistry
Oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) offers a compact descriptor of aquatic redox status, yet its interpretation is obscured by the many co-occurring electron-transfer reactions that determine it. We tested the hypothesis that the persistence of a linear, Nernstian relationship between Eh and ln[O2] reflects the robustness of the underlying redox structure. Using 18 months of depth profiles and [...]
Barrier vulnerability following outwash: A balance of overwash and dune gap recovery
Published: 2025-11-23
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Existing barrier evolution models only simulate storm impacts from landward-driven flows (overwash), neglecting the impacts of seaward-directed flows (outwash). Here, we modify an existing model to incorporate outwash processes. We find that outwash enhances barrier vulnerability (the tendency to drown) over decadal timescales by scarring the island interior, creating lower, narrower landforms. [...]
MiniSat: Prototype for Geological and Environmental Monitoring Using Low-Cost Embedded Systems with RF Communication
Published: 2025-11-22
Subjects: Engineering
This review paper presents a concise analysis of Minisat-based geological monitoring systems that combine low-cost embedded platforms with RF communication technologies. It highlights recent advances in miniaturized satellites and compact sensor nodes that enable affordable, continuous environmental monitoring. The paper reviews key components including embedded electronics, sensor integration, [...]
Translating national climate policies to resilience actions at the subnational level in low resource settings: Lessons from Ghana’s health systems.
Published: 2025-11-22
Subjects: Public Health
According to the WHO 2021 Health and Climate Change Global Survey Report, most countries’ climate change and health plans are witnessing low to moderate implementation due to (among other reasons) insufficient funding, evidence, research, and multisectoral collaboration. In Ghana, the national climate change agenda has, for over a decade, consistently prioritized its health systems, but progress [...]
The Impact of GIA Corrections on Gravimetric Basin-Scale Ocean Mass Budgets
Published: 2025-11-22
Subjects: Climate, Geophysics and Seismology
Closing the sea-level budget is crucial for validating our understanding of climate change and sea-level rise. Satellite gravimetry (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, GRACE) and altimetry are primary tools for measuring the ocean mass. Still, both datasets must be corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), the ongoing viscoelastic response of the Earth to past deglaciation. [...]
New insights into the cooling of the oceanic lithosphere from surface-wave tomographic inferences
Published: 2025-11-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
How oceanic plates cool and thicken with age remains a subject of debate, with several thermal models supported by apparently contradictory data. Combining a novel imaging technique that balances resolution and uncertainty with finite-frequency surface-wave measurements, we build tomographic model SS3DPacific to revisit the cooling style of the oceanic lithosphere beneath the Pacific ocean. [...]