Preprints
There are 5428 Preprints listed.
Ocean-bottom Seismic Interferometry in Coupled Acoustic-Elastic Media
Published: 2025-03-24
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Green’s function expressions for seismic interferometry in acoustic and elastic media have been extensively studied and applied across a wide range of applications, including surface-wave tomography and generating virtual shot gathers. However, analogous expressions for coupled acoustic-elastic media systems remain absent, despite their importance for analysing cross-correlation wavefields from [...]
Nanogeios Nanoliquid CO₂ – Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Nanofluid-Enhanced Liquid CO₂ for Advanced District and Data Center Cooling Applications
Published: 2025-03-23
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Engineering, Engineering Science and Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Neuroscience and Neurobiology, Other Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of a novel hybrid nanofluid-enhanced liquid CO₂, engineered to address cooling challenges in water-scarce environments. Developed by NanoGEIOS, the fluid combines graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a 1:1 ratio (2 vol%) and is optimized using AI-powered NanoFusion dispersion technology. The nanofluid exhibits a 77% increase in thermal [...]
Three times accelerated glacier area loss in Svalbard revealed by deep learning
Published: 2025-03-22
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The rapid warming in polar regions highlights the need to monitor climate change impacts such as glacier retreat and related global sea level rise. Glacier area is an essential climate variable but its tracking is complicated by the labour-intensive manual digitisation of satellite imagery. Here we introduce ICEmapper, a deep learning model that maps glacier outlines from Sentinel-1 time series [...]
Non-linear dynamical approaches for multi-sector climate resilience under irreducible uncertainty
Published: 2025-03-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Internal climate variability (ICV) remains a major source of uncertainty in climate projections, complicating impact assessments across critical sectors. Given that ICV emerges from the nonlinear interactions of the climate system, we argue that nonlinear dynamical (NLD) approaches can improve its characterization, providing physically interpretable insights that strengthen adaptation strategies [...]
Weakening of AMOC linked to past Greenland Ice Sheet retreat
Published: 2025-03-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is predicted to occur under multiple scenarios of future warming. However, the effect of meltwater from a decaying Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) on AMOC is uncertain. Using a basin-wide network of North Atlantic sediment cores, we show that the largescale melting of the GrIS during a previous interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 11c [...]
Unprecedented Social-Ecological Impacts of the 2023 Extreme Drought in the Central Amazon
Published: 2025-03-21
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
While the 2023 record-breaking drought led to widespread social-ecological impacts across Amazonia, local impacts of such extreme events are rarely described in detail. Here we leverage a large interdisciplinary data collection related to social and ecological impacts in the Central Amazon. Compound hazards (reduced river water levels, lack of rainfall, high water/air temperatures, river erosion [...]
Generative Prior Transformation model for mineral resources evaluation and prediction (MineralGPT): A case study of prospective target area selection for the Xiaoshan-Xiongershan area gold polymetallic deposit
Published: 2025-03-21
Subjects: Engineering
Mineral resources are an important material foundation for economic and social development. The mineral resources evaluation and prediction will provide scientific basis for the development, utilization, and protection of mineral resources. The existing traditional artificial mineral resource comprehensive evaluation methods are costly, time-consuming, and have limited data processing and [...]
Enhancing the Normalized Difference Water Index for Improved Urban Flood Detection
Published: 2025-03-21
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Geographic Information Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resource Economics, Other Earth Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Accurate urban flood detection is crucial for effective disaster management and urban planning. Traditional indices like the Normalized Difference Water Index and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index often produce inaccurate results due to spectral confusion in urban areas and sensitivity to shadows. Moreover, MNDWI's reliance on the Shortwave Infrared band limits its use with certain [...]
Understanding Compound Climate Hazards and Exposure from a Spatial Perspective: A Case Study for the Dosso Region, Niger
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Compound climate hazards—where extreme events co-occur— pose increasing risks to our socio-ecological systems, yet their spatial dynamics remain poorly understood. We introduce a novel metric to quantify simultaneous drought and heatwave exposure, applying it to Niger’s Dosso region over a 24-year period (2000–2023) using remote sensing and GIS-based techniques. Our analysis reveals distinct [...]
Global estimates of groundwater withdrawal trends and uncertainties
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Water Resource Management
Groundwater, Earth’s largest source of liquid freshwater, is essential for sustaining ecosystems and meeting societal demands. However, accurately quantifying global groundwater withdrawals remains a significant challenge due to inherent uncertainties in input data, sectoral allocation assumptions, and model parameterization. In this study, we analyze global groundwater withdrawals from 2001 to [...]
Holocene rapid (decades) multi-metre marine transgressions by climatically driven Antarctic ice-collapse events. Another event imminent?
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The controversial 1961 'Fairbridge Curve' of Holocene global sea-level (SL), showing metre-scale (to ~5m) oscillations based on carbon-dated geological index points (SL 'benchmarks''), is vindicated by syntheses (companion-articles by present author) of the literature on: (1) Holocene sea level, exposing flawed assumptions and methods in constructing non-oscillating SL curves; and (2) English [...]
Holocene oscillatory sea level: literature review and implications for imminent anthropogenic multi-metre transgression
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The famous 1961 'Fairbridge Curve' of Holocene sea level (SL) shows metre-scale (up to ~5m) oscillations, based on a worldwide compilation of carbon-dated geological data-points. Dozens of later authors found further evidence for such fluctuations; while dozens of others, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), deny oscillations >50cm. The debate is settled here by (1) [...]
Geological review of English coastal archaeological evidence portending multi-metre sea-level rise by 2100
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
English archaeological literature, its sea-level significance hitherto underappreciated, is reviewed here from a geological (sedimentological) perspective. Five Roman-built (~300AD) waterside forts and a seaside palace (~100AD), all meticulously excavated by archaeologists, tightly dated (tree-rings, coins, pottery), and published in great detail, yield evidence proving a ~4-metre (m) sea-level [...]
Paddy Segmentation Using Google Earth Engine: A Remote Sensing Approach Abstract
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences
Paddy field segmentation using remote sensing is crucial for agricultural monitoring, yield prediction, and resource allocation. In this research, we employ Google Earth Engine (GEE) for paddy segmentation using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Our method leverages Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) to mask paddy fields efficiently. We collected 2000 [...]
Timing of a future glaciation in view of anthropogenic climate change
Published: 2025-03-20
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences
Human activities are expected to delay the next glacial inception because of the long atmospheric lifetime of anthropogenic CO2. We present the first Earth system model simulations for the next 200,000 years with dynamic ice sheets and interactive atmospheric CO2, exploring how emissions will impact a future glacial inception. Historical emissions (500 PgC) are unlikely to delay inception, [...]