Preprints
There are 6955 Preprints listed.
From Snapshot Maps to Continuous Monitoring of Global Forest Carbon at 100 m Resolution (2000–2025)
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Life Sciences
Accurate, high-resolution estimation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is critical for quantifying terrestrial carbon stocks and informing climate mitigation policy, yet existing global products remain constrained by coarse spatial resolution and limited temporal coverage that obscure sub-national-scale disturbances (Avitabile et al., 2016). This study presents a wall-to-wall global AGB product [...]
Chemical and meteorological drivers of ozone extremes during the 2019 UK summer heatwaves
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Heatwave-associated air pollution episodes are increasingly recognized as a public health threat. Studies have observed a positive correlation between extreme temperature and extreme surface ozone concentrations. However, the underpinning chemical and physical drivers and their interconnections are not well quantified and may vary across regions and individual heatwave events. The 2019 UK summer [...]
TUD-L3-EWH_UNC-GRACE: A Global Level‑3 GRACE(-FO) EWH Uncertainty Product
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Hydrology, Other Earth Sciences
We present TUD-L3-EWH\_UNC-GRACE, a globally gridded Level-3 GRACE(-FO) equivalent water height (EWH) data product providing an extensive characterisation of uncertainty for direct use in Earth system research. Unlike conventional approaches that either require propagation of full normal matrices or rely on empirical assumptions regarding temporal and spatial correlations, the dataset combines [...]
Ecosystem metabolism in the lower Columbia and Willamette Rivers, USA: Insights into the juvenile salmonid food web
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
The Columbia River and its major tributary, the Willamette River, are large systems impacted by human activities, including the installation of hydroelectric dams. Hourly measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO) from in situ sensors and laboratory incubations showed that daily net ecosystem production (NEP) was slightly positive in the Columbia, with annual NEP of 121.30 gC m-2 y-1. In the [...]
What works in agrarian adaptation: a systematic assessment of CGIAR climate research evidence
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Geography
Effective climate adaptation in agrarian settings is critical for the billions of people whose livelihoods depend on agriculture, yet evidence on what adaptation actions actually reduce climate risk remains fragmented and difficult to generalize. In this study we assess the effectiveness of agrarian adaptation using 403 empirical case studies published by CGIAR scientists and partners in [...]
EGMSpy: an open-source Python toolkit for scalable data handling, classification, clustering, and visualisation of Copernicus EGMS InSAR data
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology
The Copernicus European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) provides millimetre-accuracy line-of-sight displacement measurements for over five billion coherent scatterers across Europe, derived from Sentinel-1 SAR interferometry over the period 2015--2023. Despite the unprecedented spatial coverage and measurement density of this dataset, no open-source integrated toolchain exists for processing, [...]
When rotation-invariant spectra enter structural design: interpreting RotD100 and related measures
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering
In many design procedures, a scalar response spectrum like RotD50 or RotD100 is interpreted as a component spectrum applied independently along two orthogonal structural directions. When a maximum-direction measure such as RotD100 is used in this way, an implicit assumption is introduced: both structural axes experience the worst possible orientation of ground motion. This has contributed to the [...]
Forest or tundra? How different vegetation reconstructions of Last Glacial landscapes in Europe may shape our perception of early human dispersal processes
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Nature and Society Relations, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical and Environmental Geography
Regional variability and long-term changes of past ecosystems likely had a strong impact on hunter-gatherer population dynamics, including the expansion of anatomically modern humans and the disappearance of Neanderthals. However, our understanding of these ecosystems remains limited, even when looking at large-scale patterns, such as the extent and distribution of forested areas. Vegetation [...]
Enhancing the Generalization of Flood Susceptibility Models: A Leakage-Aware Ensemble Framework for Deltaic Landscapes
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
Flood susceptibility mapping (FSM) is a cornerstone of disaster risk reduction in low-lying deltaic regions; however, conventional machine learning (ML) applications frequently suffer from spatial data leakage, resulting in inflated performance metrics and unreliable hazard predictions. To address this critical methodological shortcoming, this study develops a robust, leakage-aware ML framework [...]
River intermittency and Eocene climate change in the Castissent and Montllobat formations of the southern Pyrenean Foreland
Published: 2026-05-08
Subjects: Geology, Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Patterns of river water and sediment transport through time, or river intermittency factors, are generally considered to be highly sensitive to climate and tectonics. Determining the intermittency of rivers in ancient hothouse climates could provide a unique lens through which to investigate Earth’s response to climate change. However, this requires strong constraints on both mean and bankfull [...]
Remote sensing and deep learning for standing dead-tree detection and mapping: A review of advances, challenges, and future directions
Published: 2026-05-07
Subjects: Forest Management, Forest Sciences, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences
Standing dead trees are visible indicators of recent tree mortality and an important transitional component linking forest disturbance to future lying deadwood, habitat availability, and carbon storage. As drought, insect outbreaks, pathogens, and climate extremes intensify tree mortality worldwide, scalable methods are needed to detect and map standing dead trees consistently across forest [...]
Comparative Machine Learning approach to seasonal ENSO Forecasting with Time-Series Performance Evaluation
Published: 2026-05-07
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important climate phenomena that affects weather conditions worldwide. It influences monsoon seasons, droughts, and crop productivity. Forecasting of ENSO processes is rather difficult since the system is inherently nonlinear. Moreover, the Spring Predictability Barrier limits the predictive capacity of forecasters during the boreal [...]
Remotely sensed evapotranspiration for corporate water stewardship: Opportunities and limitations in agricultural landscapes
Published: 2026-05-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Corporate water stewardship (CWS), in which companies engage in or incentivize actions to advance sustainable water resource management, can positively affect water resources, reduce water-related business risks, and support Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and sustainability reporting efforts. Agricultural landscapes affect diverse industries including finance, technology, fuel [...]
Facility scale detection and quantification of gas flaring using imaging spectrometers
Published: 2026-05-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Globally, over 140 billion cubic meters of natural gas are flared each year, according to the VIIRS Nightfire (VNF) data product derived from satellite observations by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), the most widely used instrument for global flare monitoring. Although VIIRS routinely tracks global flaring activity through nighttime observations, its coarse spatial [...]
Understanding Microplastics Discourse Through Social Sensing: Insights from Geotagged Social Media
Published: 2026-05-07
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Microplastics have emerged as a growing global environmental and public health concern due to their widespread presence and increasing potential for human exposure through food, water, and air. Recent scientific evidence and expanding media coverage have heightened public awareness and debate surrounding their ecological and health impacts. However, a systematic understanding of how public [...]