Preprints
There are 6377 Preprints listed.
Temperature effect on performance and methane emissions of highly controlled replicate septic tanks
Published: 2025-12-30
Subjects: Engineering
Septic tanks are widely used for decentralized wastewater treatment but remain poorly characterized with respect to greenhouse-gas emissions, particularly under variable temperature regimes. Understanding how temperature influences treatment performance and methane production is essential for improving both emission inventories and environmental sustainability through tailored mitigation [...]
Land subsidence in Jakarta in Three Dimensions (2014-2025) using InSAR-GNSS Datum Connection and the Strapdown Decomposition
Published: 2025-12-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Coastal megacities face compounding hazards from rising sea levels and land subsidence. Jakarta, one of the fastest-sinking megacities, already experiences recurrent flooding amplified by rapid land subsidence. Assessing and mitigating this hazard requires reliable estimates of three-dimensional ground motion over wide spatial and temporal scales in a well-defined geodetic reference frame and [...]
Hydrological and landscape controls on dissolved organic matter dynamics in European wetlands
Published: 2025-12-28
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Climate, Earth Sciences, Fresh Water Studies
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key component in aquatic ecosystems, representing the main source of energy for microbial metabolism and playing a crucial role in C sequestration and export. Its optical properties (absorption and fluorescence) provide integrated information on its quality (average molecular weight and aromaticity degree, main sources, presence of protein like and humic-like [...]
FloodSim Sandbox: An Immersive Interactive Simulation Framework for Urban Flood Risk Management
Published: 2025-12-28
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
FloodSim Sandbox is an AI-augmented, immersive digital twin framework for real-time flood visualization, analysis, and decision support. Developed within Unreal Engine 5, it integrates multi-source geospatial data, physically based fluid simulation, and multimodal AI reasoning to model flood dynamics in a high-fidelity digital twin of Iowa City. The system procedurally generates terrain and [...]
Liquefaction as an energetic instability of saturated granular systems – Density control and static enthalpy equilibrium
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Materials Science and Engineering, Mining Engineering, Other Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Liquefaction of saturated granular materials is commonly interpreted within stress-based frameworks that rely on the existence of an intact grain skeleton. At the onset of liquefaction, however, the contact network collapses and effective stress ceases to be a meaningful state variable. This work reformulates liquefaction as an enthalpy-driven instability of the coupled grain–water system and [...]
Spatial Patterns of Glacier Meltwater and Mountain Wetland Connectivity in the Peruvian Andes
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hydrology, Statistical Models
High-altitude wetlands are critical ecosystems that store water, regulate downstream flows, and sustain biodiversity. Their persistence is tightly linked to continuous water inputs from precipitation, groundwater, snow and glacier melt, making them highly vulnerable to climate-driven shifts in mountain hydrology. Rapid glacier retreat, altered precipitation regimes, and rising temperatures are [...]
IBIS: A Community-Oriented Framework for Flood-Induced Bridge Vulnerability Assessment and Prioritization for Iowa
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Environmental Engineering
Floods are among the most frequent and damaging natural hazards, posing serious risks to transportation infrastructure and public safety. Bridges, as essential links in road and rail networks, are especially vulnerable, and their closures can trigger widespread disruption, economic losses, and reduced access to vital services. Effective flood-risk mitigation and emergency response require systems [...]
GIFIS: A Generalized Immersive Flood Information System Specification
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Other Computer Sciences, Water Resource Management
This study introduces Generalized Immersive Flood Information Specification (GIFIS), a vendor-agnostic, JSON Schema–based framework for encoding, validating, and exchanging hydrologic and environmental data for reproducible and interoperable virtual and augmented reality applications. By defining standardized semantics for entities such as sensor datasets, hydrological model outputs, warnings and [...]
A variational approach at uncertainty estimation in data-driven rainfall-runoff modeling
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hydrology
Reliable uncertainty estimation is essential for decision making, evaluating model performance, and defining the limits of what can be inferred from data. While uncertainty estimation typically requires specifying prior assumptions about distributional form, we introduce an approach to learn the structure of uncertainty directly from data. Specifically, we introduce a variational long short-term [...]
Multi-frequency Teleseismic P-wave Back-projection of the 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka Peninsula Earthquake
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences
A great megathrust earthquake with moment magnitude Mw 8.8 struck off the Kamchatka Peninsula on July 29, 2025, generating a Pacific-wide tsunami and rupturing a segment of the Kuril–Kamchatka subduction zone that has repeatedly hosted M9-class earthquakes. We apply multi-frequency teleseismic P-wave back-projection (BP) analysis using six frequency bands spanning 0.003–2.0 Hz to investigate the [...]
Comprehensive Assessment of Flood Risk and Community Impact of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in Iowa
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Agriculture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Life Sciences
Flooding presents a significant risk to Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), especially in regions increasingly affected by extreme weather events. This study uses advanced geospatial analysis techniques to assess the environmental and economic vulnerabilities of 12,703 CAFOs across Iowa, United States. We focused on the exposure of CAFOS to 100-year and 500-year floodplains, [...]
Large Earthquakes: a Way of Formation and Prediction
Published: 2025-12-26
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
It is believed that the accumulation of small fractures (small earthquakes) in the crust is one of many ways for the formation of large fractures (large earthquakes). In such cases, the temporal variations in the accumulation number of small earthquakes can be used to predict future seismic activity in the region. To do so, a structural system of the crust is constructed using the logarithmic [...]
Seasonal and Spatial Assessment of the Urban Heat Island Effect and Land Surface Temperature in Nagpur Using Landsat Remote Sensing
Published: 2025-12-24
Subjects: Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity and Land Surface Temperature (LST) variations are critical indicators of urban environmental change in rapidly growing cities. This study examines spatial and temporal UHI and LST patterns in Nagpur using Landsat 8 and 9 thermal imagery for January and May of 2023 and 2024, capturing seasonal and inter-annual variations. Supervised classification was applied to [...]
Offshore basin evolution and normal fault migration in the western North Gulf of Evia rift
Published: 2025-12-24
Subjects: Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Active extension in the North Gulf of Evia, Central Greece is contemporaneous with the well-studied Gulf of Corinth but displays a contrasting style of complex rifting with marked rotational and strike-slip influence from the North Anatolian Fault. We develop a late-Quaternary, syn-kinematic sedimentary age model for the Western Basin of the North Gulf of Evia using 2D seismic reflection data. [...]
Topographies, and Geoid/Gravity Anomalies from Global Mantle Flow Models
Published: 2025-12-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics