Preprints
There are 6827 Preprints listed.
Modelling Forest Structure and Aboveground Biomass Dynamics in Southwestern Nigeria Using GEDI LiDAR and Multi-Sensor Fusion
Published: 2026-04-13
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography
This study modelled canopy height and aboveground biomass (AGB) dynamics across Southwestern Nigeria (2020–2025) by integrating GEDI LiDAR metrics with multi-sensor predictors, including optical, radar, topographic, and environmental variables. Using machine learning, the research quantified forest degradation and associated carbon loss in this data-scarce tropical region. Model performance was [...]
Agent-based Modelling of Microbialite Formation through Sedimentation and Precipitation Dynamics
Published: 2026-04-13
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Other Earth Sciences, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Fossil microbialites resulting from the interplay of sedimentation and microbially induced precipitation are among the oldest evidence of life on Earth and help geobiologists interpret many sedimentary environments. However, the factors governing their internal structure and external morphology are still poorly understood. Additionally, abiotic processes can mimic the morphology of some [...]
Land-use change impacts on multidimensional well-being: insights from tropical forest frontiers in Madagascar, Myanmar and Laos
Published: 2026-04-13
Subjects: Life Sciences
Tropical forest frontiers are undergoing rapid land use change due to expanding global demands for agricultural commodities and conservation efforts. These changes profoundly affect the well-being of local populations, yet the pathways linking land use, ecosystem services, and well-being remain underexplored. This study examines these links across three forest frontier landscapes in Madagascar, [...]
Anthropogenic acceleration of the leaky nitrogen cycle across the global land-river continuum
Published: 2026-04-13
Subjects: Life Sciences
Lateral nitrogen transfer (LNT) along the land-river continuum plays a critical role in regulating global nitrogen (N) cycling and its feedbacks to climate, yet it remains poorly represented in land surface models. Here, we incorporate LNT into a global land surface model within an Earth System Model framework, enabling a process-based quantification of N transport, transformation, and associated [...]
Prediction of Land Surface Temperature under overcast skies using Data Fusion and Deep Learning approach
Published: 2026-04-12
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Land Surface Temperature (Ts) is an essential input to drive surface energy balance for modelling terrestrial ecosystem processes. It serves as a vital indicator of drought, global change, urban heat islands, public health, and most importantly to understand monsoonal water stress signatures. Thermal InfraRed (TIR) remote sensing is the only source to retrieve Ts. Retrieval of Ts in the tropics [...]
Beyond the 100-kyr and 41-kyr dichotomy: ~76- and ~52-kyr signals and forbidden periodicities in Quaternary glacial cycles
Published: 2026-04-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
While the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) is often described as a shift from 41-kyr to ~100-kyr glacial cycles, this binary perspective fails to capture the nuanced spectral evolution of Quaternary climate. Applying wavelet-based spectral analysis to benthic d18O records, we identify previously underappreciated signals－~52 kyr before 1.2 Ma and ~76 kyr thereafter－marking the MPT's onset. [...]
How does green innovation support carbon neutrality? A global bibliometric analysis of research trends and thematic evolution
Published: 2026-04-11
Subjects: Library and Information Science
Global attention is shifting to climate change, with carbon neutrality acting as a global development strategy since the Paris Agreement to emphasize the strict control and mitigation of emissions. This phenomenon allows the international community to explore carbon neutrality from different disciplines. The unavailability of a cross-database bibliometric perspective on carbon neutrality since [...]
Learning-Based Methods and the Future of Numerical Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling
Published: 2026-04-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The field of operational oceanography is undergoing a significant evolution with the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) methods, which are complementing and, in some cases, redefining traditional numerical modeling approaches. This review explores how AI methods—particularly model-based autoregressive emulators, hybrid modeling, and end-to-end model-free approaches—are [...]
Spatiotemporal evolution of temperature extremes across India’s agro-climatic zones (1951–2025)
Published: 2026-04-11
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography
Long-term changes in temperature extremes are a robust signature of anthropogenic climate change, yet their spatial structure across India’s agro-climatic zones (ACZs) remains insufficiently resolved at policy scales. Here, we quantify changes in temperature extremes across 14 mainland ACZs during 1951–2025 using the India Meteorological Department 1°×1° gridded daily dataset. We compute 22 [...]
Fractal Tomography and the Fisher Information Barrier of Seismicity: Addressing the Origin of Dual Paradoxes via Precision-Calibrated Bayesian Inference
Published: 2026-04-11
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Non-linear Dynamics, Other Statistics and Probability, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistical Methodology, Statistics and Probability, Tectonics and Structure
The spatial organization of seismicity presents dual multi-decade paradoxes: (1) earthquake catalogs exhibit quasi-planar correlation dimensions (D2 ≈ 2.0–2.6) despite volumetric lithospheric deformation (geometric projection paradox), and (2) Bayesian inference systematically yields D3 ≈ 3.0 contradicting structural geology (Bayesian saturation paradox). We address both through the Fractal [...]
Lowering barriers to probing high-frequency variations in river chemistry through a frugal machine learning-based framework
Published: 2026-04-11
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
High-frequency river chemistry monitoring is crucial for capturing transient hydro-geochemical variations and ensuring water security, yet its implementation is limited by logistical and budgetary constraints. Here we present a machine learning-based framework that integrates continuous, low-cost physico-chemical proxies with sparse ‘anchoring’ solute measurements to reconstruct hourly-scale [...]
An End-to-End Workflow for Processing Multilingual Stakeholder Workshop Data: A Soil Health Case Study
Published: 2026-04-11
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Environmental Monitoring, Soil Science
This paper presents an end-to-end workflow for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of multilingual stakeholder workshop data related to soil health. Stakeholder workshops often produce diverse qualitative and ordinal data which is difficult to process consistently and transparently, especially in multilingual settings. The proposed workflow provides clear guidance for collecting, [...]
Unravelling long-term temporal dynamics of the invasive fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis along an altitudinal gradient in Morogoro, Eastern Tanzania
Published: 2026-04-11
Subjects: Agriculture
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is the most economically important invasive fruit fly in sub-Saharan Africa, yet long-term empirical evidence linking its seasonal dynamics to environmental drivers across altitudinal gradients remains limited. We analysed 279 site-month observations of male trap catches (flies per trap per day, FTD) collected between October 2004 and February 2012 at six sites [...]
Climate variability introduces uncertainty into future emissions pathways
Published: 2026-04-11
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Uncertainty in long-term climate outcomes arises not only from physical processes but also from societal responses to climate variability and change. Here we embed a range of temperature anomalies into an empirically-informed, coupled climate–social model to investigate how natural temperature variability shapes global emissions trajectories. Using Monte Carlo ensembles spanning social, [...]
River Paradigm for Sedentary Mammoth Hunters
Published: 2026-04-11
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Simple forensic systems analysis of Upper Paleolithic mammoth procurement, including analysis of foraging radii, taphonomic representation, portability, caloric costs, hunting and transportation energetics, labor economics, socio-economic and personal vulnerability to predators, and material-handling logistics, prove Upper Paleolithic Mammuthus primigenius were not often hunted, scavenged, [...]