Preprints
There are 6519 Preprints listed.
Scholte-wave Adjoint Tomography for Building Low-frequency, Offshore Shear-wave Velocity Models
Published: 2026-02-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Field observations have shown that low-frequency (sub-1 Hz) Scholte waves retrieved from ocean-bottom node (OBN) data are strongly influenced by large-scale velocity heterogeneities such as salt bodies, underscoring their potential for offshore model building. However, procedures for translating this sensitivity into reliable subsur- face velocity models remains poorly understood. Motivated by [...]
Did Seattle go silent during the Superbowl?
Published: 2026-02-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Large-scale cultural events such as sports games and music concerts are known to cause localised seismic excitation above background noise levels. In this paper we investigate whether a comparable far-field 'quietening' could be observed during Superbowl LX (February 8, 2026) in the city of Seattle, hometown of the Seattle Seahawks, as people stayed indoors to watch the game. We find that a [...]
HyGage: Solving the Hysteresis Puzzle with a New Streamflow Monitoring Method
Published: 2026-02-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The questionable reliability of discharges obtained using the traditional stage–discharge method under gradually varied flow conditions continues to motivate the search for improved monitoring approaches that support water resources management, streamflow forecasting, and multipurpose scientific investigations related to the water cycle. This paper introduces HyGage, a new physically based [...]
A suspended adsorbent filter for arsenic removal from water to address UN 2030 agenda for sustainable development
Published: 2026-02-12
Subjects: Engineering
Magnetite particles are widely recognized as green and sustainable material for advanced water treatment. The magnetite particles are synthesized through a simple electrochemical process at room temperature from an iron-based electrode immersed in an alkaline aqueous medium at pH 10.5. Arsenic adsorption kinetics were rapid, and adsorption reaction can reach equilibrium within 10 minutes [...]
MACROM: An Optimal Control Model for Balancing Climate Change Abatement and Damage Trade-offs
Published: 2026-02-11
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment
The current pace of global emissions reduction is inadequate to meet the Paris Agreement temperature target of 1.5°C. While carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is increasingly viewed as necessary to meet these targets, questions remain about the optimal scale and timing of deployment when both costs and climate damages are considered. Here we present MACROM, an optimal control climate-economic model [...]
Escape of near-inertial waves trapped in strong fronts through wave-wave interactions
Published: 2026-02-10
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Compound Drivers of Antarctic Sea Ice Loss
Published: 2026-02-10
Subjects: Oceanography
Antarctic sea-ice extent began declining since 2015, reaching its lowest extent in the post-1970s observational era in 2023. To diagnose the drivers of this decline, we analyse an observationally constrained sea ice-ocean model spanning 2013-2023, and identify three distinct phases of sea-ice retreat. First, an intensification of westerly winds preconditioned the Southern Ocean via increased [...]
LLM-augmented taxonomy for >4500 palaeopalynology genera
Published: 2026-02-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Mathematics
Large Language Models (LLMs), being text-based, are ideal types of artificial intelligence to consider the complexities of palaeontological taxonomy because palaeontology depends on published textual descriptions as the primary, authoritative record of a taxon. This paper describes (1) the preparation of palynological (the study of organic-walled microfossils) taxonomic text contained within the [...]
A Domain-Based Evolution Model for Red Sea: New Sea-Floor Spreading Evidence
Published: 2026-02-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The propagation of the Red Sea continental margin remains unevaluated. Despite the unanimous agreement that the southern Red Sea axial ridge valley is underlain by juvenile oceanic crust, there is a lack of such agreement for the central and northern Red Sea. Significant issues relating to Red Sea tectonics are whether the Arabian and Nubian plates have been completely separated (i.e., oceanic [...]
Diurnal asymmetry in heat stress intensification across Bangladesh, 1985–2024: Accelerated nighttime warming and emerging urban risk
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Risk Analysis
Bangladesh’s rapidly growing cities are becoming hotter, but how heat stress is changing over the day–night cycle has remained unclear. Using 40 years (1985–2024) of hourly Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) data from ERA5-HEAT, we examined long-term changes in physiologically relevant heat stress across Bangladesh and its major cities. Results show a clear day–night imbalance in warming: [...]
Accelerating 3D Magnetotelluric Forward Modelling with Domain Decomposition and Order-Reduction Methods
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Geophysics and Seismology
Three-dimensional (3D) magnetotelluric (MT) forward modelling is computationally demanding, limiting its use in global uncertainty quantification and sampling-based probabilistic inversion. Here, we introduce a novel forward-modelling framework that combines an iterative domain decomposition (DD) formulation with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) reduced-order modelling to enable scalable and [...]
A Vision for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Great Lakes Research and Management
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Databases and Information Systems, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Water Resource Management
The Laurentian Great Lakes are a vital freshwater resource and a regionally significant natural system facing complex, persistent, and compounding challenges from climate change, nutrient loading, and invasive species. The increasing availability of observational data, coupled with advances in computational power and machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods, presents an [...]
A Novel Climatic Threat Framework Linking Biodiversity’s Vulnerability to Administrative Responsibility
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Life Sciences
Biodiversity is cornered by human habitat alteration and eroded by climate change. Protecting it urgently requires efficient allocation of conservation resources to protect vulnerable species and ecosystems. However, conservation decisions are often hindered by fragmented governance and a disconnection between policymakers, funders, managers and scientists. To address this, we propose the [...]
Evidence of a ULVZ near Vanuatu from Sdiff postcursors
Published: 2026-02-06
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Thin anomalous structures known as ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) have been found on the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and have extreme velocity reductions. These features are detected due to their effect on seismic waves that travel through them, typically producing precursors or postcursors. In this study we use postcursors to shear core-diffracted waves (Sdiff+) that sample the CMB near Vanuatu [...]
Can We Evaluate the Effectiveness of Diverting Agent Only by Hydraulic Fracturing Pressure Signals
Published: 2026-02-05
Subjects: Mining Engineering
In conventional wisdom, the effectiveness of using diverting agent during hydraulic fracturing can be assessed by monitoring pressure, by assuming that successful plugging perforations of larger hydraulic fractures will lead to a jump in treatment pressure, thus diverting injection fluid to other perforations. This study aims to demystify the concept of evaluating the effectiveness of diverter [...]