There are 4236 Preprints listed.
Published: 2023-11-09
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Other Earth Sciences
Geodynamic models of mantle convection provide a powerful tool to obtain insights into the structure and composition of the Earth’s mantle that resulted from a long history of differentiating and mixing. Comparing such models with geophysical and geochemical observations is challenging as these datasets often sample entirely different temporal and spatial scales. Here, we explore the use of [...]
Published: 2023-11-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Education, Environmental Sciences, Higher Education
Underrepresentation of minoritised and historically disadvantaged groups is prevalent in PhD recruitment, particularly in environmental sciences. The environmental science focussed ‘Adapting to the Challenges of a Changing Environment’ Doctoral Training Partnership (ACCE DTP) was awarded funding from the Natural Environment Research Council for an EDI-centred project. This project aimed to [...]
Published: 2023-11-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Continental glaciations during the Pleistocene Epoch created complex systems of aquifers and aquitards across many northern regions of the Earth. Past measurements of δD and δ18O measurements show that tills have retained subglacial meltwater but the behaviour of intertill and buried valley aquifers in these regions is less clear. Here, we characterize groundwater ages in these aquifers in [...]
Published: 2023-11-08
Subjects: Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences
The separation between nature and society, of concern within social science and interdisciplinary discussions, has generated a division that often characterizes the way communities perceive their environment. The arts have played an important role in demonstrating the entanglement of Earth and society through their ability to frame and shape the dynamics of the Earth across sensations. This has [...]
Published: 2023-11-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sea state information is critical for a broad range of human activities (e.g. shipping, marine energy, marine engineering) most of them being concentrated along the coastal zone. Satellite altimeter records of significant wave heights represent the largest source of sea state observations available to date. However, the quality of altimeter observations is downgraded in the coastal zone due to [...]
Published: 2023-11-07
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry, Natural Resources and Conservation, Other Earth Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences, Paleobiology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
The export of neritic material from the top of carbonate platforms is a key process in the construction of their slopes. However, our knowledge of the supply pattern of materials from platforms is dominantly based on platforms lying in the euphotic zone during the present sea-level highstand. This is a somewhat biased perspective as through geological time not all platforms were euphotic. The [...]
Published: 2023-11-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Statistical Methodology, Statistics and Probability, Stratigraphy
Strata of the Ediacaran Period (635–538.8 Ma) yield the oldest known fossils of complex, macroscopic organisms in the geologic record. These “Ediacaran-type” macrofossils (known as the Ediacaran biota) first appear in mid-Ediacaran strata, experience an apparent decline through the terminal Ediacaran, and directly precede the Cambrian (538.8–485.4 Ma) radiation of animals. Existing hypotheses for [...]
Published: 2023-11-06
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Wildfire activity is increasing globally. The resulting smoke plumes can travel hundreds to thousands of kilometers, reflecting or scattering sunlight and depositing ash within ecosystems. Several key physical, chemical, and biological processes in lakes are controlled by factors affected by smoke. The spatial and temporal scales of lake exposure to smoke are extensive and underrecognized. We [...]
Published: 2023-11-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Tectonics and Structure
Fault rock petrology exerts an important control on the permeability structure and mechanical properties of fault zones. Slip-related deformation on upper-crustal faults in basaltic rocks is closely associated with fluid-rock interaction, altering the distribution of physical properties within the fault. Here we present quantitative descriptions of the geochemical and petrological evolution of [...]
Published: 2023-11-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Applications of machine learning in seismology have greatly improved our capability of detecting earthquakes in large seismic data archives. Most of these efforts have been focused on continental shallow earthquakes, but here we introduce an integrated deep-learning-based workflow to detect deep earthquakes recorded by a temporary array of ocean-bottom seismographs (OBSs) and land-based stations [...]
Published: 2023-11-05
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Systematic and sustainable monitoring approaches capable of tracking the status and trends of keystone characteristics are critical for detecting aquatic ecosystem degradation, identifying the influence of multiple potential stressors, informing environmental protection policy and anticipating future change. At remote lake-rich landscapes, ability to implement and maintain long-term monitoring is [...]
Published: 2023-11-04
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Published: 2023-11-04
Subjects: Oceanography
Oceanic fronts are ubiquitous and important features that form and evolve due to multiscale oceanic and atmospheric processes. For example, large-scale temperature and tracer fronts along the eastward extensions of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio currents play key roles in the regional ocean environment and climate. The fronts cannot be realistically simulated by numerical models at spatial [...]
Published: 2023-11-04
Subjects: Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Biodiversity holds the fabric of life on earth and underpins the functioning of ecosystems and diverse benefits nature provides to people. As the earth is a complex social-ecological system with dynamic interactions across air, water, food, infrastructure, humans health, among others, it is of a paramount importance that the role of biodiversity is understood well for sustainable planetary and [...]
Published: 2023-11-03
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Five cold-air outbreaks are investigated with aircraft offshore of continental northeast American. Flight paths aligned with the cloud-layer flow span cloud-top temperatures of -5 to -12 0C, in situ liquid water paths of up to 600 g m-2, while in situ cloud droplet number concentrations exceeding 500 cm-3 maintain effective radii below 10 micron. Ice is usually present at cloud initiation. [...]