Preprints
There are 4553 Preprints listed.
Detection of sea ice floe flooding in the Southern Ocean using Sentinel-1 SAR imagery.
Published: 2024-04-03
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
During the summer months in the Antarctic, perennial and seasonal sea ice floes flood. Flooding is caused by snow at the surface weighing down the ice, causing a negative freeboard and flooding the basal snow layer with seawater. This creates a brine-slush layer. Alternatively, or simultaneously, meltwater can percolate through the snow and flood the surface of the ice floe. The appearance of [...]
Progress in Understanding North American Monsoon Using a Climate Model
Published: 2024-04-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The North American Monsoon is a seasonal shift in the large-scale circulation that supplies 60-80% of annual rainfall in northwestern Mexico and 30-40% in the US southwest. Regional climate models have shown that summer precipitation prediction over North America is the poorest in the Monsoon region. Most climate models do not account for a crucial mechanism of Monsoon: the boundary layer [...]
Problems with Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Analyses of U.S. LNG Exports and Locally-Produced Coal
Published: 2024-04-01
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Exports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the United States are growing rapidly, and the United States government must balance a multiplicity of interests in deciding to what extent the growth of LNG exports should be further encouraged. Its decisions must be consistent with the Natural Gas Act, which mandates that exports of natural gas be in the public interest. In the current [...]
Improved daily PM2.5 estimates in India reveal inequalities in recent enhancement of air quality
Published: 2024-04-01
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Poor ambient air quality represents a substantial threat to public health globally. However, accurate measurement of air quality remains challenging in many parts of the world, including in populous countries like India, where ground monitors are scarce yet exposure and health burdens are expected to be high. This lack of precise measurement impedes understanding of how pollution exposure changes [...]
Improving Subsidence Modelling of Different Depth Domains in the Mekong Delta
Published: 2024-03-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Mekong delta, one of the largest deltas in the world, is densely populated and important for food production. As the delta plain is lowly elevated, less than a meter on average above local sea level, it is vulnerable to sea-level rise and land subsidence. The delta experiences high rates of natural compaction at its coast) while human activities associated with land-use change , urbanisation [...]
Explaining land subsidence variation along the north coast of Java for Semarang and Pekalongan, Indonesia
Published: 2024-03-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study investigates the significant land subsidence in the cities of Semarang and Pekalongan on the north coast of Java. High land subsidence rates of several cm up to dm per year have being reported, directly contributing to relative sea-level rise. This research uses PS-InSAR data to analyze the spatial and temporal variations in subsidence and identify its causes, which are expected to be [...]
Global environmental plastics dispersal under OECD policy scenarios towards 2060
Published: 2024-03-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Plastics occupy a central role in the global economy, yet cause significant damage to ecosystems and human health. Recent studies and OECD reports have provided comprehensive roadmaps to reduce the environmental impacts of plastics, based on coordinated global action to reduce plastic consumption and improve waste management and recycling. Leakage of mismanaged plastic waste to aquatic [...]
Assessing effects of agriculture value added, industry value added and imports value added percentage to GDP on CO2 emissions in Bangladesh: An ARDL and NARDL approach.
Published: 2024-03-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
The study aims to evaluate the impact of Bangladesh's agricultural and industrial sectors on CO2 emissions using advanced modeling techniques, namely autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) models. Time-series data ranging from 1990 to 2022 are analyzed to ensure data stationarity, employing the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. Subsequently, [...]
Numerical and physical instability of subglacial water flow
Published: 2024-03-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The sliding speed of glaciers depends strongly on the water pressure at the ice-sediment interface, which is controlled by the efficiency of water transport through a subglacial hydrological system. The least efficient component of the system is a `distributed' uniform sheet flow everywhere beneath the ice, whereas the `channelised' drainage through large, thermally eroded conduits is more [...]
Can spinodal decomposition occur during decompression-induced vesiculation of magma?
Published: 2024-03-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Volcanic eruptions are driven by decompression-induced vesiculation of supersaturated volatile components in magma. The initial phase of this phenomenon has long been described as a phase of nucleation and growth. Recently, it was proposed that spinodal decomposition (an energetically spontaneous phase separation that does not require the formation of a distinct interface) may occur during [...]
Forecasting Urban Water Escherichia coli Contamination Using Machine Learning Models
Published: 2024-03-27
Subjects: Microbiology
The state of Indiana ranks first in the nation for water recreation impairments due to contaminated waterways. According to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 73% of rivers and streams and 23% of lakes and reservoirs have recreational use impairments like swimming, fishing and boating. Increased density of urban population and agricultural activities are some of the key contributors to run-off [...]
The Equator Project Research School and Mentoring Network: evaluated interventions to improve equity in geoscience research
Published: 2024-03-26
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
There is a well-documented racial and ethnic diversity crisis in Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (GEES) subjects in the Global North that leads to inequities in who does environmental research. The Equator project set out to increase participation and retention of UK-domiciled Black, Asian and minority ethnic students in GEES research by developing evidence-based, ring-fenced, fully [...]
A consistent terminology to communicate ground-related uncertainty
Published: 2024-03-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Risk Analysis, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Statistics and Probability
Engineering geology is highly affected by uncertainty related to the geology, geotechnical parameters, models used and methods. While the technical aspects of ground-related uncertainty are increasingly investigated, the terminology to communicate uncertainty (i.e. phrases such as “it is very likely that”) has not yet been unified and experts use it however they see fit. The problem arises that [...]
Navigating uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of future tropical cyclone risk estimates
Published: 2024-03-22
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment
Future tropical cyclone risks will evolve depending on climate change and socio-economic development, entailing significant uncertainties. An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of future tropical cyclone risks is thus vital for robust decision-making and model improvement. However, the outcomes of such uncertainty and sensitivity analyses are tied to the chosen model setup, warranting caution [...]
Relational representation: speaking with and not about Nature
Published: 2024-03-21
Subjects: Environmental Studies
The transnational movement to recognise the rights of Nature continues to fuel experimentation by a growing number of jurisdictions in legal form, content, powers, and governance arrangements. In this paper, we focus on the mechanisms through which Nature is represented in various ways. There is enormous diversity in representational arrangements, but there is no clarity on precisely who should [...]