There are 4072 Preprints listed.
Published: 2023-08-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The molecular remainders of living organisms, found in sedimentary records, reflect past ecological, environmental and climatic conditions. Occurrence, abundance, relative distribution and even isotopic composition of these lipid biomarkers can be linked to climatic conditions. This chapter reviews organic proxies for past temperature, salinity, hydrology, sea ice conditions and biomass burning.
Published: 2023-08-24
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
The behaviour of fluids in preferentially aligned fractures plays an important role in a range of dynamic processes within the Earth. In the near-surface, understanding systems of fluid-filled fractures is crucial for applications such as geothermal energy production, monitoring CO2 storage sites and exploration for metalliferous sub-volcanic brines. Mantle melting is a [...]
Published: 2023-08-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the intricate relationships between the solid Earth and its surface systems in deep time necessitates comprehensive full-plate tectonic reconstructions that include evolving plate boundaries and oceanic plates. In particular, a tectonic reconstruction that spans multiple supercontinent cycles is important to understand the long-term evolution of Earth's interior, surface [...]
Published: 2023-08-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure
Although many collisional orogens result from subduction of oceanic lithosphere between two continents, some orogens form by strain localization within a continent via inversion of extensional structures inherited during continental rifting. Intracontinental rift-inversion orogens exhibit a wide range of first-order structural styles, but the underlying causes of such variability have not been [...]
Published: 2023-08-22
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Human Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Large-scale wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) infrastructures are expanding rapidly in Brazil. These projects can exacerbate struggles for land rooted in weak land governance, with negative impacts for traditional populations due to loss of access to common lands. Here, we trace how green grabbing, i.e. the large-scale appropriation and control of (undesignated) public lands, both formally legal [...]
Published: 2023-08-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The reduction of effective normal stress during earthquake slip due to thermal pressurization of fault pore fluids is a significant fault weakening mechanism. Explicit incorporation of this process into frictional fault models involves solving the diffusion equations for fluid pressure and temperature outside the fault at each time step, which significantly increases the computational complexity. [...]
Published: 2023-08-22
Subjects: Agriculture, Food Science, Geographic Information Sciences, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the important role of information sharing in advancing innovation that is presently missing in National Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy of Pakistan approved in 2012. Information is a key resource for making innovations in science, technology and policies. Like other countries of the world, almost all government departments in Pakistan [...]
Published: 2023-08-22
Subjects: Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) pose substantial risk to populations living on and around active volcanoes, but their structure and internal dynamics are poorly understood. Much of this understanding is derived from interpretation of their widespread deposits. Scaled experiments are able to probe different conditions, to explore how changing flow dynamics relate to the wide variety of [...]
Published: 2023-08-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A slide presentation from AIA 116th Annual Conference, New Orleans, Jan 8-11 2015. The 149 slides in pdf format are from the original Keynote presentation: Deforestation, Drought and Humans: The Collapse Theory is Dead-New Evidence of Sustainability and Survival.
Published: 2023-08-19
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology
Hydrometeorological disasters, including floods and droughts, have intensified in both frequency and severity in recent years. This trend underscores the critical role of timely monitoring, accurate forecasting, and effective warning systems in facilitating proactive responses. Today's information systems offer a vast and intricate mesh of data, encompassing satellite imagery, meteorological [...]
Published: 2023-08-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In this study we show, for the first time, the absence of a vital effect in the clumped isotope carbonate (Δ47) fossil ostracod signal, as well as the ability of the novel ostracod-Δ47 thermometer to reconstruct past hydrological conditions in complex lacustrine systems. Furthermore, through the application of Δ47 analyses on the ostracod species Candona angulata and Cyprideis torosa from Lake [...]
Published: 2023-08-18
Subjects: Agriculture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geographic Information Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Risk Analysis, Spatial Science
Floods and droughts significantly affect agricultural activities and pose a threat to food security by subsequently reducing agricultural production. The impact of flood events is distributed disproportionately among agricultural communities based on their socio-economic fabric. Understanding climate-related hazards is critical for planning mitigation measures to secure vulnerable communities. [...]
Published: 2023-08-17
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Mathematics, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Statistics and Probability
We used computer vision (U-Net) model to leverage Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Google Trends Search Interest (SI), and Twitter data to understand patterns with which people in Continental United States (CONUS) indicate awareness of and interest in droughts. We found significant statistical relationships between the occurrence of meteorological droughts (MD), as [...]
Published: 2023-08-17
Subjects: Environmental Studies
From fishers to farmers, people across the planet who rely directly upon natural resources for their livelihoods and well-being face extensive impacts from climate change. However, local- and regional-scale impacts and associated risks can vary geographically, and the implications for development of adaptation pathways that will be most effective for specific communities are underexplored. To [...]
Published: 2023-08-17
Subjects: Engineering