Preprints
There are 6345 Preprints listed.
China’s Water Renaissance: Conflict Resolution, Environmental Reform, and the Clean-Energy Transition in Contemporary China (2020–2025)
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Between 2020 and 2025, China accelerated a sweeping transformation of its water governance, environmental law, and clean-energy infrastructure. Anchored in the doctrine of ecological civilization, the country strengthened basin-scale legislation—including the landmark Yangtze River Protection Law—restored degraded river systems, expanded monitoring networks, and advanced nature-based solutions. [...]
Source effects in higher-order ambient seismic field correlations
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Seismic interferometry of the ambient seismic field is widely used for surface wave imaging. It typically requires synchronous station recordings and assumes uniform noise source distributions. Higher-order correlations, such as the re-correlation of direct waves (C2), have been suggested to facilitate imaging with asynchronous data and to improve an incomplete source distribution. Using field [...]
Open-source tools for making geometrically-complex fault surfaces
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Three--dimensional fault geometries are critical for realistic analyses of crustal deformation, seismic hazard, and rupture dynamics, yet 3D fault datasets are sparse outside a few well--studied regions. We present a set of free and open-source QGIS plugins that enable users to construct accurate 3D fault surfaces from common types of geological and geophysical data. The workflow combines (1) [...]
Comment on Barboni et al. (2025), ‘Pervasive impact modification of pristine lunar clasts’
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
In a recent contribution, Barboni et al. (2025) present an experimental calibration relating the aluminium content of zircon and its parent melt under lunar conditions. This calibration is then used to argue that lunar zircons are not in equilibrium with their host silicate melts, and that caution is required when interpreting zircon-derived U-Pb dates in evolved lunar rocks. Their contribution [...]
Web-Based Dynamic Flood Susceptibility Mapping: Leveraging Fuzzy Logic for Interactive Analysis
Published: 2025-12-05
Subjects: Engineering
Flooding is one of the most frequent and devastating natural disasters, resulting in significant global social, environmental, and economic consequences. Performing comprehensive flood risk assessments is essential for comprehending community exposure and susceptibility to floods while facilitating the formulation of mitigation plans. This study presents a web-based framework for flood [...]
The puzzling yet tractable diversity of global groundwater sustainability challenges
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Geographic Information Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Physical and Environmental Geography, Remote Sensing, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Global groundwater sustainability is a grand challenge that requires diverse approaches to account for local contexts. Yet, global groundwater assessments often focus solely on aggregate physical trends in storage, levels, and fluxes, overlooking the diversity of social-ecological functions provided by groundwater and their associated sustainability challenges. Here, we introduce groundwater [...]
Temperate forest floors: Ecosystem hub in transition?
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Forest Sciences, Life Sciences
The forest floor (FF) plays a key role in carbon, nutrient, and water cycling. It is the biologically most active compartment of forest soils, highly responsive to environmental conditions. Yet, its response on currently changing forests is understudied. Here we (1) compile existing knowledge on provision of ecosystem services by the FF, (2) evaluate its vulnerability to environmental change, and [...]
Latitudinal impacts of Hurricane Lorenzo on North Atlantic physics and biology
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Life Sciences
Hurricane Lorenzo was the easternmost Category 5 Atlantic hurricane on record. The impact of this exceptional storm on North Atlantic sea surface temperature, mixed layer depth and chlorophyll-a concentrations is investigated in this study using high-resolution daily interpolated satellite, historical in-situ vertical profiles, and model-derived datasets. Results show that Lorenzo induced strong [...]
An assessment of the quality of microanalysis of silicate glass using scanning electron microscope-based energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS)
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The composition of volcanic glass records important clues into the origin and evolution of magmatic systems. However, the analysis of volcanic glass presents challenges when performed using electron-beam techniques, particularly due to Na mobility. While microanalysis of geological materials is usually performed using electron microprobe-based wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (EMP-WDS), we [...]
Assessment of the GraphCast AI model for precipitation forecasting and its potential in extreme event prediction over Bangladesh
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Bangladesh situated in the tropical monsoon region is one of the most rainfall-sensitive countries in the world with terrain ranging from northwest floodplains to southern coastal deltas to eastern hilly regions. This complex landscape coupled with intensified climate variability influences local convection and extreme precipitation events, making short range forecasting particularly difficult. [...]
Recurrent evacuation of mantle mush by mafic recharge in ocean island basalts, recorded by La Palma clinopyroxene
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Temporal variations in magma plumbing architecture and magmatic processes influence eruption priming and the interpretation of pre- and syn-eruptive signals. Yet, how these processes operate in low-flux volcanoes remains poorly constrained, leaving a key gap in understanding eruption precursors. Here we examine the temporal evolution of magmatic processes at La Palma, Canary Islands, a low-flux [...]
Associations between Climate Change and Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Public Health
Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major driver of infectious disease dynamics, influencing disease distribution, seasonality, and outbreak intensity. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on how climate variability affects infectious diseases and evaluates predictive modeling approaches. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for [...]
Exacerbation of levee failure with climate change: Insights from ERT monitoring
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Climate change is bringing hotter, drier summers and warmer, wetter winters, intensifying winter floods and causing larger seasonal variations in soil moisture. These shifts place increasing stress on levees – many of which were constructed decades or centuries ago – making their current performance challenging to assess. Levee performance depends on limiting water ingress, as increased seepage [...]
Revised History of Pleistocene Vertical Motions in NE Sicily and Southern Calabria, Italy, from 40Ar/39Ar Dating and Fault Zone Morphology
Published: 2025-12-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Long-term rates of crustal uplift in southern Calabria and NE Sicily are incompletely understood due to limited information about the age of marine terraces at 1.0–1.3 km above sea level (asl). This study provides a new constraint on high-elevation terrace ages through integrated analysis of geochronology, stratigraphy, shoreline modeling, and fault-zone morphology. 40Ar/39Ar step-heating [...]
Hybrid Neural PDE and Conditional GAN Framework for Sparse Co₂ Plume Prediction.
Published: 2025-12-03
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Digital twin architectures for geological carbon storage demand uncertainty-aware surrogates capable of rapid plume forecasting under extreme data scarcity. Traditional physics-based simulators are computationally expensive; pure data-driven models lack principled uncertainty quantification. This work presents a hybrid Neural Posterior Density Estimation–Conditional GAN (NPDE-CCGAN) framework [...]