Preprints

There are 4501 Preprints listed.

Trends, cycles and seasonality in rainfall, temperature, NDVI, DMI and SOI in the Greater Mara-Serengeti Ecosystem: Insights for biodiversity conservation

Joseph O. Ogutu, Gundula S. Bartzke, Sabyasachi Mukhopadhyay, et al.

Published: 2024-02-22
Subjects: Biodiversity

Understanding climate and vegetation trends and variations is essential for conservation planning and ecosystem management. These elements are shaped by regional manifestations of global climate change, impacting biodiversity conservation and dynamics. In the southern hemisphere, global climate change is partially reflected through trends in the hemispheric El Niño-Southern Oscillation (SOI) and [...]

CHIRICAHUA Field Report 2021-2023 - Sky Islands and the Desert Southwest An Independent Ecological Study

candace gossen

Published: 2024-02-22
Subjects: Desert Ecology, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences

This Chiricahua Field Report is a combination of collected data and field observations that began in November 2021 and continued on until May 2023. The Report is about ecology and connections of life. It contains information on 400+ trees in 10 diverse ecosystems including the Madrean Sky Islands and the Riparian zones of ancient sea valleys in SE Arizona. Recent season changes, warming, fires, [...]

The effects of precursory velocity changes on earthquake nucleation and stress evolution in dynamic earthquake cycle simulations

Prithvi Thakur, Yihe Huang

Published: 2024-02-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Seismic velocity changes in earthquake cycles have been observed over a wide range of timescales and may be a good indicator of the onset of future earthquakes. Understanding the effects of precursory velocity changes right before seismic and slow-slip events could potentially elucidate the onset and timing of fault failure. We use numerical models to simulate fully dynamic earthquake cycles in [...]

Using computer vision to detect and segment fire behavior classifications in UAS-captured images

Brett Lawrence, Emerson de Lemmus

Published: 2024-02-21
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Forest Management, Natural Resources and Conservation

The widely adaptable capabilities of artificial intelligence, in particular deep learning and computer vision has led to significant research output regarding fire and smoke detection. Previous studies often focus on themes like early fire detection, increased operational awareness, and post-fire assessment. To further test the capabilities of deep learning detection in these scenarios, we [...]

The Potential for Fuel Reduction to Offset Climate Warming Impacts on Wildfire Intensity in California

Patrick T Brown, Scott Strenfel, Richard B. Bagley, et al.

Published: 2024-02-21
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Forest Management, Forest Sciences, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Statistics and Probability, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Probability, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability

Increasing fuel aridity due to climate warming has and will continue to increase wildfire danger in California. In addition to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, one of the primary proposals for counteracting this increase in wildfire danger is a widespread expansion of hazardous fuel reductions. Here, we quantify the potential for fuel reduction to reduce wildfire intensity using [...]

Chemical interdiffusion between Na-tephritic and phonolitic melts at different T, H2O and fO2

Diego González-García, Florian Pohl, Felix Marxer, et al.

Published: 2024-02-21
Subjects: Geochemistry, Volcanology

The diffusive exchange of major elements in Na-series tephrite-phonolite diffusion couples with compositions relevant to Canary Islands magmatism were determined at 300 MPa and variable H2O concentrations (0.3 to 3.3 wt.%), temperature (1150 to 1300°C) and fO2 (NNO-1.5 to NNO+1.7). Composition-dependent effective binary diffusion coefficients (D) were determined from concentration-distance [...]

Abundance and type of microplastics along an urban density gradient in the Allander Water and River Kelvin, Greater Glasgow, Scotland

John William Moreau, Jingtong Su

Published: 2024-02-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Microplastics have now been found in air, water, and soil, polluting a wide range of environments globally and presenting potential health threats to humans and other organisms. This study aimed to investigate the type and abundance of microplastics in two urban rivers in Glasgow, Scotland. Here we sampled sediments from the more suburban Allander Water and an urban reach of the River Kelvin, [...]

Early extensional salt tectonics controls deep-water sediment dispersal

Davide Oppo, Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson, Vittorio Maselli

Published: 2024-02-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Sedimentology

The impact of seafloor deformation on sediment routing during the initial phases of extensional salt tectonics is largely unresolved despite influencing the volume of coarse-grained clastic material delivered to the deep sea. Using 3D seismic reflection data from the northern Levant Basin offshore Lebanon, we investigate the interplay between early extension-related salt deformation and [...]

Landslide Regime Shift Detector (LRSD) for Landslide Early Warning Systems

Lorenzo Nava, Antoinette Tordesillas, Guoqi Qian, et al.

Published: 2024-02-18
Subjects: Engineering

This research presents the development of a Landslide Regime Shift Detector (LRSD) which integrates advanced prediction models to provide insights into regime shifts within substantial landslide bodies. Our primary focus lies in the identification of these shifts, emphasizing that LRSD does not merely detect accelerations but discerns exceptional accelerations, defined in our context as [...]

Decoding the Dialogue Between Clouds and Land

Tianning SU, Zhanqing Li

Published: 2024-02-18
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

New research is challenging established assumptions about how clouds form and interact with Earth’s surface. One result may be better weather forecasts.

A hydromechanical EFG-based Model for Numerical Simulation of Land Subsidence Induced by Groundwater Extraction in Anisotropic Aquifers

Ahmad Tourei, Ali Pak, Mohammadali Iranmanesh, et al.

Published: 2024-02-17
Subjects: Engineering

This study presents a coupled hydromechanical element-free Galerkin (EFG) model to simulate land subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal. The EFG algorithm was validated with unsaturated hydraulic and hydromechanical benchmark problems, showing satisfactory alignment with finite element method (FEM) and theoretical results. We inves-tigated the effects of groundwater pumping on land [...]

Spatiotemporal Shift and Heterogeneity of Rain-on-Snow Events

Serhan Yeşilköy, Özlem Baydaroğlu

Published: 2024-02-17
Subjects: Environmental Studies

The rapid snowmelt that typically occurs after snow accumulates at low temperatures and precipitation develops at higher temperatures is a defining characteristic of rain-on-snow (ROS). In ROS events, the significance lies not only in the spatial variability of snow coverage but also in factors like snow depth, variations in rainfall over time and space, rates of snowmelt, topographic conditions, [...]

Bad science and good intentions prevent effective climate action

Graeme MacDonald Taylor, Peter Wadhams, Daniele Visioni, et al.

Published: 2024-02-17
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

Although the 2015 Paris Agreement climate targets seem certain to be missed, only a few experts are questioning the adequacy of the current approach to limiting climate change and suggesting that additional approaches are needed to avoid unacceptable catastrophes. This article posits that selective science communication and unrealistically optimistic assumptions are obscuring the reality that [...]

A numerical investigation on the suspended sediment dynamics and sediment budget in the Mekong Delta

Vo Quoc Thanh, Dano Roelvink, Mick van der Wegen, et al.

Published: 2024-02-17
Subjects: Engineering

Fluvial sediment supply towards the coast has been the subject of extensive research. Important aspects relate to the impact of sediment retaining hydropower dams, potential delta progradation, coastal sediment supply and delta vulnerability to sea level rise. Once validated, process-based models provide a valuable tool to address these aspects and offer detailed information on sediment pathways, [...]

The role of crustal anatexis in porphyry copper ore formation during flat-slab subduction: Insights from the Laramide Belt, SW USA

Thomas Lamont, Matthew Loader, Nick M. W. Roberts, et al.

Published: 2024-02-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The prevailing paradigm for the formation of porphyry copper deposits along convergent plate boundaries involves deep-crustal differentiation of metal-bearing juvenile magmas derived from the mantle-wedge above a subduction zone. However, many major porphyry districts formed during periods of flat-slab subduction when the mantle-wedge would have been reduced or absent, leaving unclear the source [...]

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