Preprints
There are 6172 Preprints listed.
Methane by the Numbers: The Need for Clear and Comparable Methane Intensity Metrics
Published: 2025-10-19
Subjects: Natural Resource Economics, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Global efforts to track methane emissions from oil and natural gas operations have recently converged around measures of methane emissions intensity, including emergent requirements for reporting as part of import standards. However, multiple definitions of methane intensity have led to conflicting approaches that hinder clear comparisons among regions and obstruct the development of effective [...]
Smart Urban Design with Physics-Informed Neural Networks: Quantifying Temperature Reductions from Green Infrastructure Using Satellite Thermal Data
Published: 2025-10-19
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), characterised by elevated temperatures in densely built environments, pose critical challenges to urban sustainability, public health, and energy resilience. Mitigating UHIs requires precise quantification of the cooling effects of green infrastructure; however, existing models often fail to integrate high-resolution geospatial data with physical laws. This study [...]
Statistical Characterization of LGM and Late Holocene Oceanography in the Indonesian Maritime Continent
Published: 2025-10-19
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Oceanography
This study provides a statistical characterization of surface oceanography in the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 23–19 ka) and Late Holocene (LH; 4–0 ka). Using the lgmDA v2.1 paleoclimate data assimilation product, we analyze sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and seawater $\delta^{18}$O. Results indicate the LGM was [...]
First documented record of the ammonite Turrilites costatus LAMARCK, 1801 from the Cenomanian of northern Saudi Arabia: Implications for Arabian Plate paleogeography
Published: 2025-10-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents the first documented occurrence of the heteromorph ammonite genus Turrilites LAMARCK, 1801, from the Cretaceous strata of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A dense, in-situ fossil assemblage, dominated by numerous specimens identified as Turrilites costatus LAMARCK, 1801, was discovered in an outcrop of the Aruma Formation located 9.5 km south of the city of Ar’ar in northern Saudi [...]
A Comparative Evaluation of Advanced Urban Data Methods in WRF
Published: 2025-10-18
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Urban parameterization is critical for accurately simulating near-surface temperature and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in WRF. In this study, we compare three distinct approaches—W2W (a Python package integrating WUDAPT LCZ data), WRFUP (a Python package leveraging global high-resolution datasets), and a LiDAR-based parameterization—during the August, 2023 heatwave in Grenoble, France. Our [...]
Stratigraphy and Mapping of Shale Formations
Published: 2025-10-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Shale is one of the most important rocks in geoscience from applied perspective. Commonly shale is considered to be deposited in quiet water condition in deep basins. Shales in sequence stratigraphy have been discussed in geoscience that enables us to understand the large-scale perspective of exploration. Shales have been studied also for chemostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, and by geophysical [...]
Evaluating Urban Heat Adaptation Strategies for Extreme Heatwaves in Complex Terrain: A Case Study of Grenoble, France
Published: 2025-10-18
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Fluid Dynamics, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physics
Urban heat adaptation strategies are critical for mitigating the impacts of ex- treme heat events in cities, particularly as climate change exacerbates their intensity and frequency. This study evaluates a set of adaptation strategies during the 2023 heatwave in Grenoble, France, using the WRF model with the BEP+BEM urban canopy scheme. Eight scenarios are simulated, including increased [...]
Explaining the Equatorial Pacific Thermocline Response to Climate Change with a Model Hierarchy
Published: 2025-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Most studies of the equatorial Pacific response to anthropogenic forcing have focused on patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) change. However, similar SST patterns can be consistent with a range of different subsurface responses, each with differing physical and biogeochemical implications. While historical observation and climate model mismatches have been suggested in the literature, we [...]
Instability and atmospheric CO2 anomalies in the recent global carbon cycle
Published: 2025-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A major instability occurred in the recent global carbon cycle. It manifests as a major CO2 anomaly between 2009 and 2015 that is clearly seen in the residuals from generalized exponential growth, or equivalent quadratic curves through Taylor expansion, or 10-year running means. Our findings contradict recent assertions of the stability of the recent global carbon cycle based on growth rate [...]
fasterRaster: GIS in R using GRASS for large rasters and vectors
Published: 2025-10-17
Subjects: Geomorphology, Hydrology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences
Within the R ecosystem, packages like terra and sf are the go-to solutions for most geospatial analyses, yet can struggle with large rasters and vectors. The Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, or GRASS, offers solutions that are often more efficient for large data. However, using GRASS through R requires users to become familiar with GRASS-specific syntax and data constructs. The [...]
Unlocking Gigatonne-scale Carbon Dioxide Removal with strategic tipping point frameworks
Published: 2025-10-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Achieving global climate mitigation requires a rapid acceleration of Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) to gigatonne (Gt) scales by 2040. Linear growth in climate solutions is insufficient to reach these targets, but system-change practices and leveraging interventions that trigger self-reinforcing feedbacks ("tipping points"), offer a solution. Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) in Brazil is uniquely [...]
Direction-dependent permeability and resistivity of fractured rocks tuned to New Zealand geothermal reservoirs
Published: 2025-10-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding permeability in the Earth is vital to optimizing sustainable resource development such as geothermal. In many geothermal fields, permeability is controlled by faults, resulting in high spatial and directional variability, difficult to characterise without costly drilling. Electrical resistivity, however, can be measured from the surface, and like permeability, is sensitive to fluids [...]
Semi-automated correlation of Silurian well-logs across Gotland, Sweden, using Dynamic Time Warping with Barycenter Averaging
Published: 2025-10-16
Subjects: Stratigraphy
Studies of the Silurian sequence on Gotland have significantly advanced our understanding of Silurian climate dynamics, with much of the research focusing on small outcrops and short cores. Gotland has an extensive network of abandoned oil and gas wells. Most of these include gamma-ray well logs, which have not yet been fully utilized for their stratigraphic value. While the Ordovician succession [...]
A real time reservoir inflow forecast evaluation framework
Published: 2025-10-16
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
Recent advances in data driven hydrologic forecasts have led to a multitude of new and rapidly improving streamflow forecast products and technologies. These often lead hydropower producers to question whether such advances translate into increases in revenue and whether implementing these new forecasts justify the additional associated costs. To address this, we present a general framework that [...]
Sustainable Groundwater Decisions: Hydro-Economic Model Applications to Irrigation in Contrasting Environmental Conditions
Published: 2025-10-16
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Groundwater is important for global agriculture but increasing populations and rising food demand are placing significant pressure on its sustainable use for irrigation. Effective, financially viable irrigation management strategies are urgently needed. This study applies a farm-level hydro-economic model to two contrasting sites: the High Plains Aquifer (HPA), a deep, overexploited, unconfined [...]