Preprints
There are 6197 Preprints listed.
Global presence and absence of ultra-low velocity zones as seen by Sdiff postcursors
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
The core-mantle boundary is a region of significant lateral heterogeneity. Two antipodal large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) dominate the lower mantle, while smaller but more extreme ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) pepper the lowermost mantle in a variety of morphologies. These ULVZs have been linked to both the edges of LLVPs and to plume-related hotspots, the latter of which may plausibly be [...]
Reversal of extreme precipitation trends over the Northeast US in response to aggressive climate mitigation in GFDL SPEAR
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rapid reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are increasingly included in mitigation strategies, yet the response of regional climate extremes to such reductions remain highly uncertain. Here, we assess projected changes in extreme precipitation over the Northeast US under an aggressive overshoot mitigation pathway (SSP5-3.4OS), simulated by the fully coupled 25-km GFDL SPEAR climate [...]
Complex Realities, Simple Signals? Global Evaluation of Early Warning Signals for Forest Mortality Events
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences, Sustainability
Forests around the world are increasingly experiencing large-scale regional mortality events as a result of droughts and heat waves. Despite their considerable impacts on the material, non-material, and regulatory contributions of forest ecosystems to people, these mortality events remain difficult to predict. Temporal Early Warning Signals (EWS) based on the concept of Critical Slowing Down [...]
Effects of cementation on the cyclic resistance of granular soils with presence of initial static shear stress
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Engineering
In engineering applications such as non-invasive cementation beneath existing structures or naturally induced cementation around piles, cementation can develop in soils that have previously undergone initial static shear. However, the joint effect of cementation and initial static shear stress on subsequent cyclic loading behaviour remains largely uninvestigated, despite its crucial importance [...]
Climate as the Primary Moderator: Towards Context-Driven Design and Implementation of Vertical Greenery Systems for Stormwater Management
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Urbanisation intensifies stormwater management challenges by expanding impervious surfaces, increasing flood risk and degrading water quality. Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) are increasingly promoted as nature-based solutions for space-constrained cities, yet their performance remains highly variable and context-dependent. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines [...]
On radiocarbon near the epicenter of the 1908 Tunguska event
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. A large number of hypotheses about its causes have already been put forward. However, so far none of them has received convincing evidence. Since the late 1950s, a large number of studies have been carried out in the area of the Tunguska event, including those related to radiocarbon [...]
Global Alpine Treeline Elevational Transects
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Forest Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
The Alpine Treeline Ecotone (ATE) is an important ecological transition zone at the juncture of montane forests and alpine tundra. It serves as a crucial habitat for diverse species and a sensitive indicator of climate change. Consistent characterization of the elevational gradients of ATE is challenging due to complex topography and data limitations. This study introduces a comprehensive [...]
Dead Sea Warming and the Origin of Salt Giants
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Episodically, vast seas on Earth partly dried out, leaving deposits called “salt giants”. Recently, in addition to well-documented accelerated level decline and salt precipitation, the Dead Sea has suffered severe warming. The mechanisms underlying this warming and the formation of salt giants remain unresolved. Here we propose a physical model of hypersaline waterbodies that reproduces Dead Sea [...]
Scalable and robust Gaussian processes for reanalysis of urban air temperature with crowdsourced meteorological data
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Statistical Models
Crowdsourced air temperature data from networks like Weather Underground offer dense spatial coverage and are increasingly used to study the canopy urban heat island (CUHI) effect. However, these observations are noisy: siting conditions, environmental interference, and sensor failures introduce spatially and temporally varying bias. This complicates interpolation, limiting our ability to [...]
Rethinking livestock futures: Integrating climate impacts and genomic technologies into global food security models
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Other Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
With the projected increase in the global population and food demand on a planet in climate crisis, the debate about the role of livestock continues to intensify. Animals farmed for food are both a victim and a contributor of climate change (CC), with animals suffering from heat stress due to CC but also a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Livestock studies have demonstrated [...]
Improving Landsat land surface temperature estimation in Google Earth Engine using NDVI-based emissivity
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Other Computer Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Other Planetary Sciences
Land surface temperature (LST) data derived from satellite images are important for various applications, including mapping urban heat islands, analysing temporal and spatial temperature patterns, assessing the cooling effect of urban greenery, and developing population vulnerability indices for heat waves. Thermal sensors aboard Landsat satellites provide the most spatially detailed data with [...]
Observations and interpretations of high-frequency volcanic tremor produced under varying seismic-acoustic amplitude ratios on Mt. Etna
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a comprehensive, high-resolution seismic-acoustic dataset from Mt. Etna acquired through a large, unprecedented deployment of seismometers and microphones in the summit region, highlighting rarely reported high-frequency (12–15Hz), short-duration volcanic tremor episodes. These events exhibit variable seismic-acoustic amplitude ratios, implying multiple triggering mechanisms. Our [...]
Hazomes: Earth’s natural multi-hazard terrestrial disturbance regimes
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Climate, Other Earth Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Planetary Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science, Sustainability
Ecosystems and societies have evolved together and are shaped by local natural hazard regimes. We introduce hazomes, an Earth classification based on multi‑hazard disturbance patterns. By combining open‑source intensity and return period data for eight hazard types, we identify thousands of distinct terrestrial disturbance regimes. Hazomes aims to deepen insight into ecosystem and societal [...]
Assessing Volcanic Hazards and Financial Exposure: A Closer Look at Insurance Industry Preparedness
Published: 2025-10-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Volcanology
Within the insurance and reinsurance sectors, volcanoes and their secondary impacts are often an overlooked risk due to the long return periods associated with large explosive eruptions, and relatively low economic and insured losses from eruption events compared to other natural hazards such as large magnitude earthquakes. However, with continued population growth, globalisation and climate [...]
A Computer Vision Framework for Estimating Surface Habitability from Mars Using Convolutional Analysis
Published: 2025-10-22
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Biology, Earth Sciences, Other Planetary Sciences, Planetary Geology, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Sciences, Planetary Sedimentology, Statistical Methodology, Theory and Algorithms
Identifying signs of life in extraterrestrial environments is one of the growing challenges in planetary science. Conventional approaches of detecting habitability rely heavily on direct contact with biosignatures or geological analyses, but limited data and mission costs hold back such methods. This work introduces a computer vision-based pipeline that analyzes planetary surface images to [...]