Preprints
There are 5427 Preprints listed.
Fracturing during freezing in salty ice: preliminary analysis using a low-cost model system
Published: 2025-03-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The fracture properties of saline water ice play an important role in governing the mechanical behavior of sea ice, marine ice sheets, and icy planetary bodies. Here, we design a low-cost experimental system based on a simple observation: fractures form when freshwater is frozen in a plastic bag, but do not form when a small amount of NaCl salt (several g/L) is added before freezing. We [...]
A comment on the indicator capacity of Artemisia pollen in pre-Holocene paleoecology
Published: 2025-03-07
Subjects: Paleontology
In pre-Holocene paleoecology, Artemisia (Asteraceae) pollen is commonly considered an indicator of arid steppic environments in temperate regions. However, the >520 known species of this genus occur across a wide range of bioclimatic conditions. This paper comments on a recent comprehensive study that examined the identification of Artemisia pollen at the species level in relation to the [...]
Drastic Changes in Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Led to Biological Mass Extinction and Explosion
Published: 2025-03-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Paleontology
When the area of polar ice caps expands to a certain threshold, a positive feedback effect will occur. Due to the strong reflection of sunlight by ice and snow, the global climate will become cold and dry. CO₂ in the atmosphere will be rapidly sequestered in the seabed and permafrost through the biological carbon pump, thereby affecting plant photosynthesis, reducing NPP and the nutritional value [...]
Improved LA-Q-ICP-MS U-Pb Zircon Age Estimates for Young (< 10 Ma) Zircons & Quantification of Bias in CL Guided Spot Selection
Published: 2025-03-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a new approach to reducing U-Pb data from zircons obtained by laser ablation-quadrupole-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-Q-ICP-MS), with emphasis on young (< 10 Ma) zircons. In young zircons the 207Pb yield is extremely low, generating a relatively high abundance of zero values during analyses. This impacts the use of 207Pb/206Pb in application of Tera-Wasserburg [...]
A GPR Based Non-destructive Approach to Monitor the Engineering Properties of Compacted Base Layer
Published: 2025-03-07
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Transportation Engineering
Construction variability and isolated defects in base layer can be limiting factors in pavement’s service life. To control construction quality and implement an efficient quality management system, this study develops a quick, accurate, and simple non-destructive method using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to determine reliable values of in-place compacted base material properties, such as [...]
Low computational cost stochastic Gassmann fluid substitution modelling of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in clastic storage reservoirs
Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology
The ability to safely store non-hydrocarbon fluids in the subsurface, such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen, will likely be vital in all pathways to decarbonise global energy systems. Storage of these fluids will require monitoring programmes to identify dynamic changes during the injection and storage phases and to identify unintended migration. Seismic monitoring is widely adopted in monitoring [...]
Orange and Orange-Volcanoes: a New Open and Collaborative Platform to Perform Data-Driven Investigations and Machine Learning Analyses in Petrology and Volcanology
Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Multivariate Analysis, Volcanology
Orange-Volcanoes is an extension of the open-source Orange data mining platform specifically tailored for geochemical, petrological, and volcanological investigations. Orange-Volcanoes enhances the original platform by incorporating specialized tools to enable interactive data-driven investigations in geochemistry, such as performing Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA). Applying CoDA [...]
Detecting rapid lateral changes of upper mantle discontinuities using azimuth-dependent P-wave receiver functions and multimode surface waves
Published: 2025-03-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Lateral structural variations in the upper mantle generate azimuthal dependence in receiver functions (RFs) based on incoming directions of body waves. Although these azimuthal variations in RFs have not been considered in earlier studies of RF inversions, they provide a means to image localized changes in upper mantle interfaces. In this study, we incorporate azimuth-dependent RFs into a joint [...]
Velocity of climate change and the vulnerability of mountain lake landscapes
Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Freshwater ecosystems in mountain landscapes are increasingly threatened by climate change. Accumulated heat in ecosystems can result in lethal short-term heat exposure, while the velocity of change governs severity and rates of long-term heat exposure. Here, we novelly integrate heat accumulation and velocity of change approaches to classify climate-vulnerable USA mountain lake watersheds. Our [...]
Generative Data Assimilation for Surface Ocean State Estimation from Multi-Modal Satellite Observations
Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Estimating the surface ocean state at mesoscale eddy-resolving scales is essential for understanding the role of eddies in climate and marine ecosystems. Satellites provide multi-modal observations through sea surface height, temperature (SST), and salinity (SSS). However, each variable is observed with varying resolutions and sparsity, while some variables, such as surface currents, are not yet [...]
Holocene potential natural vegetation in Europe: evaluating the model spread with three dynamical vegetation models
Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Life Sciences
The period of the early Holocene in Europe is marked by climate warming as Earth comes out of the last glacial period and is followed by the emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry in the second half of the period. Increased human influence had profound impacts on the land surface, but the Holocene climate evolution also drove some changes that are intertwined with it. Deciphering the role [...]
Flood type drives river-scale plastic deposition
Published: 2025-03-05
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Hydrology, Nature and Society Relations, Other Environmental Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Spatial Science, Water Resource Management
Plastic pollution is considered a global environmental challenge, prompting international regulation efforts such as the UN plastic treaty to end plastic pollution. River basins, with high population densities and poor waste management, are particularly exposed to plastic pollution. Floods amplify plastic presence in rivers by mobilizing previously deposited and introduce new plastics. Yet, the [...]
Reduced Precipitation on Rapa Nui During the Decline of the Moai Culture
Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography, Human Geography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
From approximately 1200-1600 CE, Polynesian settlers on the island of Rapa Nui engaged in megalithic monument construction, crafting hundreds of Ahu platforms and Moai statues from volcanic bedrock. The decline of this tradition has intrigued archaeologists for decades. The most widely disseminated hypothesis surrounding the demise of the Ahu Moai culture suggests that the Rapanui overexploited [...]
Magnetotelluric source amplitude effect
Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Challenges and Opportunities in Cryosphere in the Hindu Kush Himalaya
Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Hindu Kush Himalaya cryosphere faces critical challenges from climate change, including rapid glacier melt and reduced snow cover. These changes threaten water resources, ecosystems, and livelihoods across the region. However, opportunities emerge through advanced monitoring technologies and increased scientific understanding. Improved remote sensing and field observations allow better [...]