Preprints
There are 6275 Preprints listed.
Impact of weather and season on stored water contamination and infant diarrhea in climate-vulnerable, urban Mozambique
Published: 2025-11-19
Subjects: Public Health
Background: Diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality for children under the age of five, despite reductions in its overall global burden in recent decades. However, climate change, and its associated meteorological conditions - heavy rainfall, temperature, flooding - has the potential to impede or reverse progress that has been made toward alleviating the burden of [...]
A generalized additive mixed-effect modeling approach for characterizing Sentinel-2 surface reflectances of visible light from Torch Lake in Antrim County, Michigan, 2019-2025
Published: 2025-11-19
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series, Statistical Methodology, Statistics and Probability
A generalized additive model (GAM) and three generalized additive mixed-effect models (GAMMs) were developed and compared to describe variations of surface reflectances of visible light from Torch Lake in the blue, green, and red bands from Sentinel 2 satellite imagery. All models included fixed effects associated with water-depth intervals, satellite orbits, trend, and smooth effects associated [...]
Changes in Oceanic Carbon Storage due to Anthropogenic Carbon Input over the Past Three Decades
Published: 2025-11-19
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography
While the ocean is known to be an important sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions, assessing trends in ocean’s uptake and storage of atmospheric CO2 is complicated because changes in the ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations due to natural ocean circulation patterns and flux of anthropogenic CO2 need to be disentangled. In this study, we analyze the interannual and decadal changes [...]
Lithological heterogeneity controls high-temperature ductile deformation and late melt infiltration in moderately-magmatic OCCs
Published: 2025-11-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Tectonics and Structure
Oceanic core complexes (OCCs) are a fundamental component of slow-to-ultraslow spreading mid-ocean ridges, yet the processes that control OCC formation and evolution are poorly understood especially with respect to their high-temperature lithospheric roots. We present detailed analyses of high-temperature ductile deformation preserved in drill-core from IODP Hole U1601C, on the Atlantis Massif [...]
Comparative Evaluation of Threshold Pressure Measurement Techniques in Faulted and Shale Formations
Published: 2025-11-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Reliable estimation of capillary threshold pressure is essential for evaluating the sealing capacity of subsurface flow barriers, which has important applications in fluid storage. This study compares the results of capillary threshold pressure measurements obtained from four experimental techniques: (i) gas breakthrough, (ii) mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), (iii) Porosimetry under [...]
Canada's Landfill Methane Inventories: The Challenge of Accurate Modeled and Measurement-Based Emissions
Published: 2025-11-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences
We present a measurement-based assessment of methane emissions from 42 landfills across diverse climatic regions in Canada. Our findings reveal that emission rates predicted by the First Order Decay (FOD) model used by Environment and Climate Change Canada at the visited sites are substantially higher than most measured emission rates, on average by a factor of 3, particularly for cold and arid [...]
Standing wave-induced tidal shear in a submarine canyon in the Rockall Trough
Published: 2025-11-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mixing in the ocean abyss sustains the deepest branches of the global overturning circulation, yet the processes that drive deep-ocean mixing remain poorly understood. Recent field measurements in a deep submarine canyon of the Rockall Trough have revealed that intense mixing occurs during strong, vertical shear-generated overturns exceeding 200 meters. These overturning events last only a few [...]
Integrated Geophysical and Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater Salinization in the Western Nile Delta, Egypt
Published: 2025-11-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Life Sciences
A total of integrated geophysical and hydrochemical investigations were conducted to characterize groundwater salinization in the western Nile Delta, Egypt. Twenty-five time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings and 30 water samples (depths 5–167 m) were used together with borehole logs and temporal comparison to 2012 datasets. One-dimensional TDEM inversion and 3-D resistivity modeling [...]
Temperature insensitive viscous deformation limits megathrust seismogenesis
Published: 2025-11-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Three models have been proposed to explain the downdip limit of the subduction seismogenic zone. The first is a temperature-controlled transition in rate-and-state frictional properties between 350–510°C, which inhibits earthquake nucleation. The second places the limit at the frictional and viscous failure envelope intersection. The third combines thermal and lithological controls, where 'warm' [...]
The Geography of Insufficient Sleep in the Contiguous United States (CONUS)
Published: 2025-11-15
Subjects: Medicine and Health Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Insufficient sleep is becoming increasingly prevalent, partially because of the accelerated pace of modern life, and is linked to a wide range of adverse physical and mental health outcomes. While several social, physical, and environmental factors are known to influence sleep duration, the underlying mechanisms and their geographic variability remain poorly understood. The growing availability [...]
Legacy of peatland erosion shapes microbial communities during recovery
Published: 2025-11-15
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences
Human degradation of peatlands worldwide has turned them into net carbon sources. In upland blanket peatlands, erosion disrupts new plant-derived carbon input and exposes deep peat, putting old carbon at risk of oxidation. The efficacy of restoration in preventing carbon loss and recovering ecosystem function depends on microbial responses to both water table manipulation and renewed litter [...]
Practical guide for volcano observatories on paleomagnetic sampling of pyroclastic deposits from active volcanoes
Published: 2025-11-15
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Volcanology
This brief guide is designed to teach workers at observatories of volcanoes exhibiting explosive activity how to take samples of pyroclastic deposits for paleomagnetic studies. Paleomagnetism is a powerful tool for studying volcanoes, both dormant and currently active. Studies of the rock magnetic and paleomagnetic characteristics of volcanic rocks can provide important information about volcanic [...]
Coastal Wetland Restoration and Greenhouse Gas Pathways: A Global Meta-Analysis
Published: 2025-11-15
Subjects: Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Coastal wetland restoration is widely promoted as a tool for climate change mitigation, but its effect on the carbon cycle is not well constrained. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed field studies that directly contrasted restored with altered sites, covering carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes across mangroves, saltmarshes, seagrass meadows, brackish systems, [...]
Palynofacies And Paleoenvironmental Studies of TDA-1 Well, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria
Published: 2025-11-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The palynofacies and paleoenvironmental study of TDA-1 well, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria between intervals of 6160 to 14470 feet (1878 to 4410 meter). The Niger Delta Basin is a crucial geological formation that has significant hydrocarbon reserves and supports diverse ecosystems where three main formations in ascending order are formed including the Paleocene Akata Formation, Eocene Agbada [...]
Unusual Drilling-Induced Stress Features - What To Do With You?
Published: 2025-11-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Drilling-induced features identified from borehole image logs provide direct constraints on in-situ stress orientations and magnitudes. Classic features such as drilling-induced tensile fractures and borehole breakouts have been extensively documented since the 1980s, predominantly in sedimentary rocks within hydrocarbon reservoirs. More recently, petal-centreline fractures have also been [...]