Preprints
There are 4992 Preprints listed.
Guidelines for Sensitivity Analyses in Process Simulations for Solid Earth Geosciences
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Education, Partial Differential Equations, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Science and Mathematics Education, Tectonics and Structure
Numerical simulations are widely used as tools to understand processes or to make predictions about states and their evolution in time. However, in the process of a simulation setup, a multitude of choices and simplifications have to be made - beginning from the definition of the implemented physical laws, over model discretization and spatial parameterisation, to the definition of initial and [...]
The fate of nitrogen in deep magma oceans
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nitrogen is important in planetary evolution because it is essential to life and the most abundant element in Earth’s atmosphere. Here, we investigate how core formation affects the distribution of N within accreting terrestrial planets. We conducted laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments (LH-DAC) over a wide range of high pressure-temperature-compositional (PTX) conditions (38-103 GPa, [...]
The Role of Islands in Sea Ice Transport Through Nares Strait
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Nares Strait is a major pathway from the Arctic Ocean and an important climate system component. Sea ice's granular nature is pertinent in such straits with small islands where floes propagate by fracturing upon collisions. Since climate models are relatively coarse and use continuous sea ice rheology, they only partially capture the complexities of floe interactions. We use a floe-scale model, [...]
A new expression for fluid factor using AVO intercept and gradient: theory and application on deep marine reservoir
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Numerous AVO fluid indicators have been introduced and proven to be sensitive to hydrocarbon presence. Mathematically, fluid indicators measure the deviation of seismic responses of hydrocarbon-saturated reservoirs from their background in a specific domain. We introduce a new expression for the fluid factor commonly used in AVO analysis and interpretation. The expression is a function of common [...]
The impacts of climate hazards on sanitation experiences of people with disabilities in Bangladesh: A mixed-methods study
Published: 2024-09-18
Subjects: Public Health
Human-induced climate change, marked by frequent and severe climate hazards, damages water and sanitation facilities, limiting safe and independent access for people with disabilities. In Bangladesh, where 8% of the population has a disability, the challenges are heightened by climate hazards, including cyclones and floods. Evidence on how these hazards affect the sanitation experiences of [...]
The environmental impact of a malaria clinical trial in Mali: Life cycle assessment reveals high emissions due to international travel and local electricity use and identifies opportunities for sustainable improvement
Published: 2024-09-13
Subjects: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Climate change may be the single largest threat facing humanity and ecosystems, necessitating decarbonization across all sectors, including healthcare and academia. With the aim of informing and supporting sustainable research practices, we performed a life cycle assessment of a clinical trial conducted in Mali. The trial involved 80 malaria-infected participants in Ouélessébougou who were [...]
FirnLearn: A Neural Network based approach to Firn Densification Modeling for Antarctica
Published: 2024-09-13
Subjects: Engineering
Understanding firn densification is essential for interpreting ice core records, predicting ice sheet mass balance, elevation changes, and future sea-level rise. Current models of firn densification on the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) are semi-empirical, complex, and rely on sparse climatic data and surface density observations. In this work, we introduce a deep learning technique to study firn [...]
Private protected areas exhibit greater bias towards unproductive land compared to public protected areas
Published: 2024-09-13
Subjects: Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies, Geography, Life Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Globally, private protected areas (PPAs) have become an important tool for biodiversity conservation. While they are expanding in size and number, there is limited evidence on their potential impact on avoiding biodiversity loss, and how this impact compares to the public protected areas (PAs). The impact of protection is measured as the actual biodiversity outcome within the area protected [...]
Heatwaves and Hostilities - Can rising temperatures lead to lasting peace?
Published: 2024-09-13
Subjects: Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, International and Area Studies, Nature and Society Relations, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Public Health, Social and Behavioral Sciences
In this paper, we are going to explore the complex relationship between climate change and global peace. Climate change and wars have a reciprocal relationship. As the war fuels climate change, the latter can catalyze the war too. Through the analysis of the ongoing conflicts across the world, recent technological advancements, and the globalized nature of the world, we will review different [...]
Mapping current and future European potential vegetation to support restoration planning
Published: 2024-09-12
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation
The extent and intactness of natural ecosystems is a key factor enabling species populations to thrive. However, the distribution of ecosystems is changing owing to both climatic and anthropogenic factors. Recently negotiated European policy directives, such as the Nature Restoration Law, argue for the restoration of natural ecosystems. Yet to determine what is to be restored the range of [...]
ML-CASCADE: A Machine Learning and Cloud Computing-based Tool for Rapid and Automated Mapping of Landslides using Earth Observation Data
Published: 2024-09-12
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Landslides pose a significant threat to humans as well as the environment. Rapid and precise mapping of landslide extent is necessary for understanding their spatial distribution, assessing susceptibility, and developing early warning systems. Traditional landslide mapping methods rely on labor-intensive field studies and manual mapping using high-resolution imagery, which are both costly and [...]
A Community-Centric Intelligent Cyberinfrastructure for Addressing Nitrogen Pollution using Web Systems and Conversational AI
Published: 2024-09-12
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Agriculture, Environmental Studies, Marine Biology, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
The Blue-Green Action Platform (BlueGAP) information system (IS) is an intelligent cyberinfrastructure framework designed to support large-scale water quality assessments in the context of demographic statistics and community stories about water issues. The system prioritizes collaboration with interested parties in three pilot watersheds with test cases implemented in US locations including [...]
Sedimentological controls on plant-fossil preservation in an Eocene caldera-lake fill: a high-resolution, age-constrained record from the Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco, Chubut Province, Argentina
Published: 2024-09-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Caldera lake sediments of the early Eocene Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco (Chubut Province, Argentina) host one of the world’s best-preserved and most diverse fossil plant assemblages, but the exceptional quality of preservation remains unexplained. The fossils have singular importance because they include numerous oldest and unique occurrences in South America of genera that today are restricted to [...]
Nd isotopic equilibration during channelized melt transport through the lithosphere: a feasibility study using idealized numerical models
Published: 2024-09-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry
Abstract {This study is motivated by the observed variability in trace element isotopic and chemical compositions of primitive (SiO$_2<$52 wt \%) basalts in southwest North America (SWNA) during the Cenozoic transition from subduction to extension. Specifically, we focus on processes that may explain the enigmatic observation that in some localities, basalts with low Ta/Th, consistent with [...]
Resilient foods for preventing global famine: a review of food supply interventions for global catastrophic food shocks including nuclear winter and infrastructure collapse
Published: 2024-09-12
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Agriculture, Animal Sciences, Aquaculture and Fisheries Life Sciences, Chemical Engineering, Engineering, Food Science, Life Sciences, Plant Sciences, Risk Analysis
Global catastrophic threats to the food system upon which human society depends are numerous. A nuclear war or volcanic eruption could collapse agricultural yields by inhibiting crop growth. Nuclear electromagnetic pulses or extreme pandemics could disrupt industry and mass-scale food supply by unprecedented levels. Global food storage is limited. What can be done? This article presents the state [...]