Preprints
There are 4953 Preprints listed.
A 40-Year Remote Sensing Analysis of Spatiotemporal Temperature and Rainfall Patterns in Senegal
Published: 2024-08-31
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate change impacts manifest differently worldwide, with many African countries, including Senegal, being particularly vulnerable. The decline in ground observations and limited access to these observations continue to impede research efforts to understand, plan, and mitigate the current and future impacts of climate change. This occurs at a time of rapid growth in Earth observations (EO) [...]
Distinguishing natural sources from anthropogenic noise in seismic data
Published: 2024-08-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Were the Newdigate Earthquakes, Southern England, of 2018-2019 triggered by oil extraction?
Published: 2024-08-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ability to attribute earthquakes to specific causes is challenging. The 2018-2019 earthquake swarm in Newdigate, Surrey, Southern England, coincides with local oil extraction at Horse Hill. Nevertheless, it remains debated whether these earthquakes were triggered by oil extraction or whether they were coincidental. Due to the onset of seismic activity before major oil extraction and the lack [...]
Chemistry Analysis for the Origin of Life in Protoplanetary Disks
Published: 2024-08-30
Subjects: Life Sciences
The primary purpose of this review is to present chemistry analysis. In this theoretical study exploring the origin of life, the main argument is that life on Earth may not have originated on Earth but rather in the protoplanetary disk at the time of the solar system's formation. This analysis focuses on the discoveries and problems encountered by scientists in the limited field of origin of life [...]
Simultaneous deformation along the Main Ethiopian Rift and associated transversal lineaments: an analogue modelling perspective
Published: 2024-08-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The interaction between the NE-SW striking Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) and the E-W oriented Yerrer-Tullu Wellel Volcano-tectonic lineament (YTVL) represents one of the least understood tectonic problems in the East African Rift System. Despite the numerous studies that have been conducted in the region, the following questions still remain to be answered: did the MER and YTVL evolve simultaneously? [...]
Physical Mechanisms of Earthquake Nucleation and Foreshocks: Cascade Triggering, Aseismic Slip, or Fluid Flows?
Published: 2024-08-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Earthquakes are caused by the rapid rupture of their seismogenic faults. Whether large or small, there is inevitably a certain nucleation process involved before the dynamic rupture. At the same time, although not very common, significant foreshock activity has been observed before some large earthquakes. Understanding the nucleation process and foreshocks of earthquakes, especially large [...]
Towards a widely applicable earthquake detection algorithm for fibreoptic and hybrid fibreoptic-seismometer networks
Published: 2024-08-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a promising technology for providing dense (metre-scale) sampling of the seismic wavefield. However, harnessing this potential for earthquake detection with accurate phase picking and associated localisation remains challenging. Single-channel algorithms are limited by individual channel noise, while machine learning and semblance methods are typically [...]
Imperviousness in Hungary's Second Largest City Using Spatial Analytics
Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Engineering
Urbanization in Debrecen, Hungary, has rapidly developed buildings and infrastructure, replacing ecosystems like vegetation, forest, and farmland. This has created a high percentage of sealed-up land, which cannot absorb water leading to water quality impairment in nearby water bodies. This research aims to examine the degree of land imperviousness in Debrecen, Hungary, and its effect on [...]
Two-dimensional Ekman-Inertial Instability: A comparison with Inertial Instability
Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In the ocean, submesoscale flows tend to undergo several hydrodynamic instabilities. In particular, Inertial Instability (InI) and Ekman-Inertial Instability (EII) are known to develop in geostrophically balanced barotropic flows whose lateral shear is larger in magnitude and opposite in sign to the Coriolis parameter. Although these instabilities share some elements, their dynamical nature can [...]
Recovering nutrients from urine – a golden opportunity for sustainable fertiliser production
Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering, Environmental Studies, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
The utilization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in agriculture has surpassed the safe-operating thresholds for biogeochemical cycles, necessitating the adoption of more efficient nutrient management strategies to restore this balance. The predominant source of N and P supplementation globally stems from the application of synthetic fertilizers. This study explores the potential of nutrient [...]
A Phenology-Dependent Analysis for Identifying Key Drought Indicators for Crop Yield based on Causal Inference and Information Theory
Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Drought indicators, which are quantitative measurements of drought severity and duration, are used to monitor and predict the risk and effects of drought, particularly in relation to the sustainability of agriculture and water supplies. This research uses causal inference and information theory to discover the drought index, which is the most efficient indicator for agricultural productivity and [...]
Two-layer formulation for long-runout turbidity currents: theory and bypass flow case
Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Turbidity currents, which are stratified, sediment-laden bottom flows in the ocean or lakes, can run out for 100's to 1000's of kilometers in submarine channels without losing their stratified structure. Here we derive a layer-averaged, two-layer model for turbidity currents, specifically designed to capture long-runout. Previous models have captured runout only 10’s of kilometers, beyond which [...]
Rupture Dynamics and Near-Fault Ground Motion of the Mw7.8 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey earthquake of February 6, 2023
Published: 2024-08-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We studied the dynamic rupture propagation of the February 6th, 2023 (Mw7.8, 01:17 UTC) Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş), Turkey, earthquake by incorporating the non-planar fault structure, the regional stress field, and a data-driven friction parameterization into numerical simulations. To explain the rupture extent of 200 km and the average speed, a regional non-uniform load is necessary and was [...]
Life Beyond Biology: Perspectives on the Earth as an Organism
Published: 2024-08-28
Subjects: Life Sciences
The idea that planet Earth can be considered as an organism is discussed in perspective. To this end, we provide a historical context for the concept of life, as well as a summary of important advances in planetary science. We show that autonomy, which has been described as the fundamental property of living organisms, is consistent with the operation of the whole planet coupling (WPC), which in [...]
Localized west-dipping seismic structure defines the Elgin-Lugoff Swarm Sequence in South Carolina
Published: 2024-08-28
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An unusual earthquake swarm began in December 2021 between the towns of Elgin and Lugoff in South Carolina, United States. This area is characterized by historically low seismicity, but by April 2024 it has experienced 97 small earthquakes listed in the USGS catalog, presenting a unique opportunity to investigate the dynamics of earthquake swarms in stable continental regions. These events are [...]