Preprints
There are 5516 Preprints listed.
Meteorites weathering under a variety of conditions in the Lut Desert
Published: 2025-03-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate, topography, and geomorphology are fundamental terrestrial environmental factors that play a significant role in shaping rock weathering processes across Earth's surface. These elements are particularly crucial when studying meteorite weathering, as they dictate the microenvironmental conditions that influence both physical and chemical alterations over time. Despite extensive research on [...]
The Petrology, Geochemistry, and Origin of the East Australian Potassic Suite: Bulk Chemistry and Genesis
Published: 2025-03-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Volcanology
The Eastern Australian Potassic Suite (EAPS) is an alkaline volcanic province made up of over 20 widely dispersed outcrops that extend almost 700 km, forming the southern portion of the world’s longest continental hotspot track, the Cosgrove track. In contrast to the large basaltic volcanic complexes to the east and north, the EAPS occurs exclusively as mafic potassium–rich occurrences with [...]
Fully-dynamic seismic cycle simulations in co-evolving fault damage zones controlled by damage rheology
Published: 2025-03-26
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Both short-term coseismic off-fault damage and long-term fault growth during interseismic periods have been suggested to contribute to the formation and evolution of fault damage zones. Most previous numerical models focus on simulating either off-fault damage in a single earthquake or off-fault plasticity in seismic cycles ignoring changes of elastic moduli. Here we developed a new method to [...]
Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanism (Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, 3rd edition, book chapter)
Published: 2025-03-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The vast majority of the Earth’s volcanism takes place in the deep ocean along mid-ocean ridges (MORs), yet because it is difficult to detect and observe, it is also relatively poorly understood. MOR volcanism occurs where tectonic plates spread apart and mainly produces effusive basaltic fissure eruptions where dikes reach the surface. The character and frequency of volcanism varies greatly as a [...]
Calibration of Permeability Models from Sandstones to Carbonates Using Capillary Pressure: Applicable to U.S. Shallow Marine Reservoirs
Published: 2025-03-26
Subjects: Engineering
Permeability estimation plays a crucial role in reservoir characterization and is commonly determined through core analysis. Additionally, permeability can be inferred from mercury injection test data. Several models have been developed for this purpose, with their parameters influenced by factors such as pore structure, rock heterogeneity, and pore throat distribution. The widely recognized [...]
Eruption triggering
Published: 2025-03-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Volcanic systems behave episodically and require mechanisms for magma segregation, instability and ascent. Here, we discuss the processes that promote the ascent of magma to the Earth's surface and prepare the onset of an eruption, thus acting as triggers, as well as the factors that prevent eruption. We describe the various petrological, geochemical and geophysical observations that reveal the [...]
Geochemical volcano monitoring
Published: 2025-03-26
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The geochemistry of volcanic fluids is increasingly employed at volcano observatories worldwide to assess volcano activity state, and eruption potential. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in the field, with a primary focus on the most recent developments in instrumental gas monitoring that have rendered geochemistry an increasingly effective eruption-forecasting tool. We describe the main [...]
Impact of GHG mitigation measures in sanitation service chains: focusing on septic tanks and sewers
Published: 2025-03-26
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Sustainability
Sanitation service chains (SSC) in many cities in low- and middle-income countries are complex and comprise poorly managed on-site and centralized technologies that emit greenhouse gases (GHG). In this study, we aimed to estimate the impact of GHG mitigation measures along SSCs and account for the interdependencies of SSC components with respect to GHG emissions. Using an SSC in Hanoi, we [...]
Seafloor Geodesy Unveils Seismogenesis of Large Subduction Earthquakes in México
Published: 2025-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seafloor geodesy may lead to deep understanding of subduction systems and seismogenesis. Based on measurements of near-trench deformations of the oceanic and overriding plates, in this investigation we elucidate the tectonic and mechanical processes leading to the Mw7.0 Acapulco, Mexico, earthquake in 2021 at the heart of the Guerrero seismic gap. We exploit unprecedented ocean-bottom [...]
Frequency-dependent seismic radiation process of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake from teleseismic P-wave back-projection
Published: 2025-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences
A large devastating earthquake of Mw 7.5 struck the Noto Peninsula, Japan, on January 1st, 2024. Persistent seismic swarms have continued around the hypocenter since 2020, likely driven by crustal fluids migrating upward from the lower crust. In this study, we investigated the frequency-dependent seismic radiation process using multi-frequency teleseismic P-wave back projection. The resulting [...]
Consideration of rupture kinematics increases tsunami amplitudes in far-field hazards assessments
Published: 2025-03-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Tsunamis are large surges of sea water caused by undersea earthquakes. To prepare for future tsunamis, scientists run computer simulations to estimate how big the waves might be and how often they could happen. These simulations are used to make maps and design buildings that can withstand tsunami impacts. Most of these models assume that when an earthquake breaks a fault this happens all at [...]
Fast climate impact emulation for global temperature scenarios with the Rapid Impact Model Emulator (RIME)
Published: 2025-03-25
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate model emulation has long been applied to assess the global climate outcomes of IAM emissions scenarios, but is typically limited to first-order climate variables like mean surface air temperatures at minimal regional resolution. Here we introduce RIME, the Rapid Impact Model Emulator, which uses global warming level interpolation approaches based on inputs of global mean air temperature [...]
An Improved Methodology to Estimate Cross-Scale Kinetic Energy Transfers from Third-Order Structure Functions using Regularized Least-Squares
Published: 2025-03-25
Subjects: Analysis, Applied Statistics, Fluid Dynamics, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistical Methodology, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Several methods exist for estimating cross-scale kinetic energy (KE) transfers; however, they are ill-adapted for sparse ocean observations, hindering the study of oceanic KE transfers. A newly developed third-order structure function $D3(r)$ framework allows estimation of KE injection rates $\epsilon_j(k)$ and KE transfers $F(k)$ across scales using sparse data. This approach requires inverse [...]
First-order Control Factors for Ocean-bottom Ambient Seismology Interferometric Observations
Published: 2025-03-23
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Expanding the lower-frequency band of seismic energy sources, particularly below 2.0~Hz, is crucial for improving the stability and effectiveness of full waveform inversion (FWI). Conventional active sources including airguns are ineffective at generating low-frequency wavefields, while ambient seismic wavefields, driven by natural energy sources such as ocean waves, offer a promising [...]
Ocean-bottom Seismic Interferometry in Coupled Acoustic-Elastic Media
Published: 2025-03-23
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Green’s function expressions for seismic interferometry in acoustic and elastic media have been extensively studied and applied across a wide range of applications, including surface-wave tomography and generating virtual shot gathers. However, analogous expressions for coupled acoustic-elastic media systems remain absent, despite their importance for analysing cross-correlation wavefields from [...]