Preprints
There are 6169 Preprints listed.
Unified Granular Intrusion Dynamics for Planetary Materials
Published: 2025-10-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Granular friction μ is a sensitive and poorly understood function of packing fraction ϕ. Every granular material has a distinct critical volume fraction ϕc that delineates two mechanical deformation modes – compaction for ϕ < ϕc, and dilation for ϕ > ϕc. Here we examine the relation(s) between friction and packing fraction, using quasi-static penetration tests in materials ranging from [...]
Worldwide inference of national methane emissions by inversion of satellite observations with UNFCCC prior estimates
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Engineering
Meeting climate policy goals to reduce methane emissions under the Paris Agreement and the Global Methane Pledge requires nations to set targets and quantify reductions. Individual countries report emissions by sector to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) but there are large uncertainties. Here we optimize 2023 national emissions at up to 25 km grid resolution for [...]
Rapid increase of climate extremes across northern Amazonia
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Amazonia’s exceptional biodiversity, cultural significance, and ecosystem services make it pivotal to global and regional sustainability. However, the region is increasingly threatened by climate extremes, which exacerbate the effects of land use change (Barlow et al., 2018) and bring about abrupt changes in social and ecological condition (Bennett et al., 2023; Berenguer et al., 2021; Campanharo [...]
Estimating Stability Constants and Entropy for Reactions Between Aqueous Metal Ions and Monovalent Oxygen-Bearing Ligands: Applications to Hydrothermal Metal–Organic Acid Systems
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Life Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Linear free energy relations were obtained from existing experimental data and used to estimate stability constants for over 16,000 metal complexes with monovalent oxygen-bearing ligands comprising 75 metal species and 220 ligands. Similar relationships for metal-ligand entropy of association were also obtained which facilitate computation of stability constants from 0 to 125°C for over 6000 [...]
Climate Change Projections for the Central Peruvian Coast (2006–2100) Using CMIP5 Models: Agricultural Impacts and Implications for the Growth of Chenopodium quinoa Willd in Arid Zones
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Agriculture
We evaluated climatic data for the central coastal region of Peru (Lima) as simulated by the climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The models were: MIROC-ESM, CSIRO Mk 3.6, CNRM-CM5, GFDL-CM3, IPSL-CM5A-MR, and MPI-ESM-LR, with respective spatial resolutions of 2.81° × 1.77°, 1.875° × 1.86°, 1.4° × 1.40°, 2.5° × 2.0°, 2.5° × 1.27°, and 1.875° × 1.875°. [...]
Biomineralisation for Sustainable Ecotoxic Metal Immobilisation via Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Heavy metal contamination of water presents a critical global challenge driven by the persistence and toxicity of elements such as arsenic, cadmium and lead. Conventional remediation strategies, such as Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP), typically rely on commercial urease and a multi-step extraction process, which increases energy demand, generates ammonium byproducts, and requires [...]
From Complex SDG Systems to Network Models: an Ontology-Based Eight-Step Framework
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Studies, Sustainability
With only 18% of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on track for 2030, systems-based approaches to understanding their interdependencies are essential. Network science can reveal leverage points and guide prioritisation, yet it is often applied without sufficient domain integration, obscuring rather than clarifying sustainability dynamics. We present an eight-step framework for evaluating [...]
Trees and Life, Heat and Death: Integrating Temperature and Green Spaces with Social Determinants of Health in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Objectives Climate change has wide-reaching implications for planetary and human health; one of its rising impacts is deaths related to extreme heat. This study attempts to integrate remotely sensed measures of temperature and greenness into the methodology of Code Red, a study examining the relationship between health and a variety of social determinants in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, initially [...]
Mechanisms of Lithospheric Dripping in Earth’s Convecting Mantle: Implications for Tectonic Switching
Published: 2025-10-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure
Gravity-driven dripping is a key recycling process of lithospheric materials into the underlying mantle reservoir. Here, we use 2D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) thermo-chemical simulations to unveil how such dripping process occurs by modulating the thermal convection in Earth’s mantle. Our simulations incorporate the following variables: lithospheric buoyancy contrasts (B), metamorphic [...]
Development of a Coupled Hydro-Economic Model to Support Groundwater Irrigation Decisions
Published: 2025-09-30
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Groundwater sustains global agriculture but faces significant pressure from overexploitation, threatening long-term water security. Achieving a balance between agricultural productivity and sustainable groundwater use requires decision-support tools that are both practical and robust. This study develops an accessible farm-level hydro-economic model that integrates groundwater dynamics with [...]
Coupling local perspectives with remotely sensed data to better understand small-scale tropical forest changes
Published: 2025-09-30
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Forests are essential for climate, biodiversity and society. Conserving or increasing forest cover is the focus of many national and international policies. Yet implementing such policies at local levels remains a massive challenge, in part due to contrasting perceptions of small-scale forest cover changes and their effects on livelihoods. In this study, we couple remotely sensed forest cover [...]
ClimActor 2.0: A spatialized database of subnational climate pledges and emissions data
Published: 2025-09-30
Subjects: Environmental Studies
ClimActor 2.0 is an open, spatialized database that compiles climate targets, action plans, and self-reported emission inventories from subnational governments, including cities, municipalities, states and regions, worldwide. The dataset provides standardized administrative boundaries for each entity, enabling direct linkage to geospatial data such as population, GDP, land cover, and other [...]
The African Transport Systems Database: an open geospatial database of multi-modal connected networks
Published: 2025-09-29
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Transportation Engineering
We present the first comprehensive geolocated multi-modal transport database for the whole continent of Africa, the African Transport Systems Database (AfTS-Db), including road, rail, aviation, maritime and inland waterway networks. To do so, we created and standardized asset and network data across all transport modes, including inter-modal connections, attributes of road and rail corridors and [...]
Machine learning predictions of summertime warming jumps on decadal timescales
Published: 2025-09-29
Subjects: Climate
Extreme events are responsible for some of the most severe impacts of climate change, but regional extreme event prediction remains a challenge as the events contain a large amount of stochasticity. Here we demonstrate an approach for predicting future summertime temperature extremes on decadal timescales by first identifying an abrupt jump in average summertime temperature as a covariate of [...]
Integrating Environmental Variables and Machine Learning for Wildfire Susceptibility Prediction in Portugal
Published: 2025-09-28
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Wildfires constitute a significant ecological disturbance within Mediterranean ecosystems, exerting profound effects on forest dynamics, biodiversity, and land management practices. The development of precise susceptibility mapping is essential to inform prevention strategies, optimize resource allocation, and promote sustainable forest management by increasing fire pressure. This study employed [...]