There are 4248 Preprints listed.
Published: 2023-10-10
Subjects: Education
We examined the microstructures of three ductile shear bands of granitic composition that deformed under mid-to-upper greenschist facies. These shear bands, from the Bundelkhand Craton, India, are 0.8-4.4 mm thick with 20-30 microns median grain sizes and share sharp contacts with the host granite. Comminution of the rheologically stronger feldspars increased permeability, promoted fluid influx, [...]
Published: 2023-10-09
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
We present the first analysis of objective and material vortices in Large Eddy Simulations of atmospheric boundary layer turbulence. We extract rotating fluid features that maintain structural coherence over time for near-neutral, transitional, and convective boundary layers. In contrast to traditional analysis of coherent structures in turbulent boundary layers, we provide the first objective [...]
Published: 2023-10-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Growing stalagmites entrap water and organic molecules while incorporating trace elements in diverse crystallographic fabrics. However, the interrelationships between crystal defects, fluid inclusions, organic carbon incorporation, and trace element incorporation in stalagmites remain poorly constrained. Here we use for the first time Fourier Transformation Infrared Focal-Plane Array (FTIR-FPA) [...]
Published: 2023-10-09
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geomorphology, Risk Analysis
Site selection is a priority for building wind and solar farms in deserts, which has to consider the dune threats associated with sand flux, such as dust contamination and sand burial. Thus, understanding changes in sand flux can optimize the site selection for wind and solar farms in deserts. Here, we use the ERA5-Land hourly wind data with 0.1°×0.1° resolution to calculate the yearly sand flux [...]
Published: 2023-10-08
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The unique measurement capabilities of ICESat-2 allow high spatiotemporal resolution of complex ice-dynamic processes that occur during a surge. Detailed and precise mapping of height changes on surge glaciers has previously escaped observations from space due to limited resolution of space-borne altimeter data and the surface characteristics of glaciers during surge such as heavy crevassing. [...]
Published: 2023-10-07
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Tectonics and Structure
On 28 March 2005, the Indonesian islands of Nias and Simeulue experienced a powerful Mw 8.6 earthquake and widespread co-seismic uplift and subsidence. In areas of coastal uplift (up to ~2.8 m), fringing reef coral communities were killed by exposure, while deeper corals that survived were subjected to habitats with altered runoff, sediment and nutrient regimes. Here we present time-series [...]
Published: 2023-10-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Remote sensing reflectance (Rrs, in sr-1) is defined as the ratio of water-leaving radiance (Lw) to downwelling irradiance just above the water surface (Es). To measure Rrs, the above-water approach (AWA) is a widely adopted scheme in the past decades. In addition to the measurement of Es, AWA also involves measurements of upwelling radiance above the surface (Lt) and downwelling sky radiance [...]
Published: 2023-10-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The KUKO offshore field in Niger Delta exhibits complex structural deformation and faulting, impacting the exploration and development of reservoirs due to uncertain properties. This study employs an integrated approach combining 3D seismic, well logs, and reservoir modeling to characterize the field. The study is centered on establishing a template for future research, evaluating petrophysical [...]
Published: 2023-10-06
Subjects: Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Historical weather records from Europe indicate that the Earth experienced substantial climate variability, which caused, for instance, the Little Ice Age and the global crisis in the period between the 14th and 19th centuries. However, it is still unclear how global this climate variability was because of the scarce meteorological data availability in other regions including East Asia, [...]
Published: 2023-10-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Olivine lattice preferred orientation (LPO), or texture, forms in relation to deformation mechanisms such as dislocation creep and can be observed in the upper mantle as seismic anisotropy. Olivine is also mechanically anisotropic, meaning that it responds to stresses differently depending on the direction of the stress. Understanding the interplay between anisotropic viscosity (AV) and LPO, and [...]
Published: 2023-10-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Published: 2023-10-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences
We performed an extensive analysis of C-Band SAR datasets provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) satellites ERS-1/2, Envisat ASAR, and Sentinel-1 in the period 1992-2020 aiming at reconstructing the multi-decadal spatial and temporal evolution of the surface displacements at the Brienz/Brinzauls landslide complex, located in canton Graubünden (Switzerland). To this end, we analyzed about [...]
Published: 2023-10-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
The persistent volcanic activity of Stromboli Volcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy, is interrupted by paroxysmal eruptions on a decadal interval. In 2019, two strong paroxysms on July 3rd and August 28th, ended a more than a decade long period of regular strombolian activity. During normal strombolian activity the volcano erupts highly porphyritic scoria and lava (HP)20 with a shoshonitic basalt [...]
Published: 2023-10-05
Subjects: Fluid Dynamics
Two-dimensional (2D) ideal incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) linear waves at the surface of a rotating sphere are studied as a model imitating the outermost Earth's core or the solar tachocline. This thin conducting layer is permeated by a toroidal magnetic field whose magnitude depends only on the latitude. The Malkus background field, which is proportional to the sine of the colatitude, [...]
Published: 2023-10-04
Subjects: Climate, Geochemistry
Glacial terminations offer a unique opportunity to examine how the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) responds to rapid increases in global temperature and accompanying abrupt climatic reorganisation. Reconstructions from contrasting glacial terminations with differently evolving boundary conditions are of particular value to our understanding of deglacial EASM behaviours, e.g., Termination I (from [...]