Preprints
There are 4762 Preprints listed.
The direction of core soldification in asteroids: implications for dynamo generation.
Published: 2024-06-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Paleomagnetic studies of meteorites over the past two decades have revealed that the cores of multiple meteorite parent bodies, including those of certain chondritic groups, generated dynamo fields as they crystallised. However, uncertainties in the direction and mode of core solidification in asteroid-sized bodies have meant using the timings and durations of these fields to constrain parent [...]
Can Surface Water Color Accurately Determine Sediment Concentration and Grain Size? A Hyperspectral Imaging Study
Published: 2024-06-14
Subjects: Education, Engineering
Water color changes are closely linked to variations in suspended sediment characteristics, motivating efforts to reliably determine sediment concentration and size through remote sensing. However, current turbidity measurement practices that rely on empirical correlations have not been rigorously tested in the lab and the past testing was limited to limited particle conditions, leading to a wide [...]
Paleohydrology of North American Catchments and Rivers at the Onset of the Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition: Reconstructions from Fluvial Strata of the White River Group, Toadstool Geologic Park, Nebraska
Published: 2024-06-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Member of the Brule Formation of the White River Group at Toadstool Geologic Park in Nebraska. Our approach combined descriptive and quantitative methods to reconstruct river flow, sediment transport, channel dynamics, floodplain behavior, and catchment-scale moisture variability and ecosystem function. We found that rivers were ephemeral, with peak flow depths and widths of approximately 2.5 m [...]
Evaluating estimation methods for wildfire smoke and their implications for assessing health effects
Published: 2024-06-13
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Sciences, Public Health
Growing wildfire smoke represents a substantial threat to air quality and human health in the US and across much of the globe. However, the impact of wildfire smoke on human health remains imprecisely understood, due to uncertainties in both the measurement of population wildfire smoke exposure and dose-response functions linking exposure to health. Here, we compare daily wildfire smoke-related [...]
Repurposing idle wells in the North German Basin as deep borehole heat exchangers
Published: 2024-06-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences
This study investigates the feasibility to repurpose wells from gas produc-tion for geothermal closed loop application in the North German Basin (NGB). The objective is to extend the value-added chain of idle wells by re-completion as coaxial deep borehole heat exchangers as an efficient way to produce green energy without drilling new wells by saving the carbon emis-sion and costs of building a [...]
The migration of hydrogen in sedimentary basins
Published: 2024-06-13
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the mechanisms of large-scale, subsurface hydrogen migration is essential for natural hydrogen exploration and for hydrogen storage assessment. The unique properties of hydrogen make that the timescales of hydrogen migration within geological basins vary from thousands of years to days. Within the shallow Earth, diffusive and advective transport mechanisms are dependent on a wide [...]
Wind and rain compound with tides to cause frequent and unexpected coastal floods
Published: 2024-06-12
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
With sea-level rise, flooding in coastal communities is now common during the highest high tides. Floods also occur at normal tidal levels when rainfall overcomes stormwater infrastructure that is partially submerged by tides. Data describing this type of compound flooding is scarce and, therefore, it is unclear how often these floods occur and whether there are other non-tidal factors that [...]
Implementing machine learning to establish a relationship between coal ash spread and lined vs. unlined sites using publicly available data
Published: 2024-06-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The fuel combustion process within coal power plants causes a significant amount of waste, called coal ash, often stored in slush basins. Due to low maintenance and lack of proper regulations, coal ash ponds have a high tendency to contaminate nearby groundwater sources. Without a simple way to ascertain whether the drinking water and soil near a private residential area is contaminated, citizens [...]
Implementation of the Peruvian Earthquake Early Warning System
Published: 2024-06-12
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Geophysics and Seismology
We present the implementation and testing of the seismological components of the Peruvian Earthquake Early Warning System (Sistema de Alerta Sísmica Peruano, SASPe). SASPe is designed to send alert messages to areas located within a given distance from the epicenter of large (magnitude ≥ 6.0) subduction earthquakes, with a first alert based on data available 3 seconds after the arrival [...]
Exploring coastal climate adaptation through storylines: Insights from Cyclone Idai in Beira, Mozambique
Published: 2024-06-11
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Meteorology, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Water Resource Management
Coastal settlements, facing increasing flood risk from Tropical Cyclones (TCs) under climate change, need local and detailed climate information for effective adaptation. Analysis of historical events and their impacts provides such information. This study uses storylines to evaluate adaptation strategies, focusing on Cyclone Idai’s impact on Beira, Mozambique, under different climate [...]
Providing Conservation as “Title-To-Conservation” Under IMACS
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In order to prevent the devastating effects of global warming on biodiversity and in turn on humanity, CO2 emissions and other forms of environmental damage must be all but eliminated, while environmental protection and restoration must be applied on increasingly larger scales. The methods described here are used under the IMAC system and create both the vehicles and the incentives to provide [...]
Calculation of Individual and Product Sustainability under IMACS
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The methods described allow calculation of individual and product sustainabilities and of human conditions for all products, services and individual labor, in a globally standardized way. Product and service sustainabilities reflect natural resource use, environmental damage done and harmful or inhumane labor and living conditions that existed, to make, transport and sell the product or service. [...]
Calculation Of Excess Impact Deduction for Products and Services under IMACS
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The first universally standardized and first-principal-based system of methods was developed to calculate the environmental (E) and human condition (H) impacts embodied by products and services where EH-impacts originating from employee labor are added to other production process EH-impacts. While the addition of employee labor EH-impacts is essential to correctly calculate the EH-impacts of [...]
Impact Measurement and Application of Conservation System (IMACS)
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This article describes the first “first principals’ based” system of methods for the calculation of environmental (E) and human condition (H) impacts and sustainabilities for all products, services and individuals as a set of universally standardized methods, earlier published as a patent application (1). The overall system allows buyers to select more sustainable products and services, and [...]
Calculation of Individual Sustainable Absorption for IMACS
Published: 2024-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This article describes the first universally standardized and first-principals-based method to calculate the amounts of environmental and human resources an individual can use sustainably. The sustainable available resource amount calculated for each resource type used, must be deducted from the individual’s resource consumption to calculate the net resource use of the individual’s labor output. [...]