Preprints
There are 5978 Preprints listed.
Quantifying the intensity of crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO): some practical considerations and recommended practices
Published: 2025-08-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) commonly develop during the crystal-plastic deformation of rocks and minerals and are widely used to infer strain intensity and geometry, reconstruct deformation conditions, and estimate mechanical anisotropy. Numerous methods have been proposed to quantify CPO intensity as a scalar metric, but these metrics can be highly sensitive to their [...]
Participatory assessment of French Reed Beds (FRB) as natural based solution for rural sanitation in arid environments: insights from Ouijjane project in Morocco
Published: 2025-08-16
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Studies, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Water Resource Management
Rural improved sanitation remains a major challenge to achieving the UN SDG 6 goal. In this regard, this study evaluates, with local stakeholders, an operational rural sanitation project in Ouijjane commune, Morocco, using French Reed Bed (FRB) technology. Data from project documentation, as well as field interviews and focus group discussions, were used to carry out a participatory evaluation. [...]
The Role of Tectonic Luck in Long-Term Habitability of Abiotic Earth-like Planets
Published: 2025-08-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Planetary Geology, Planetary Sciences
Carbonate-silicate weathering feedback is thought to stabilize Earth's climate on geologic timescales. If climate warms, faster mineral dissolution and increased rainfall speed up weathering, increasing CO2 drawdown and opposing the initial warming. Limits to where this feedback might operate on terrestrial exoplanets with N2-O2-CO2-H2O atmospheres are used to define the 'habitable zone'-the [...]
Relationships between water quality, stream metabolism, and water stargrass growth in the lower Yakima River, 2018 to 2020
Published: 2025-08-15
Subjects: Life Sciences
Since the early 2000s, water clarity on the lower Yakima River has improved. Changes in best management practices combined with a total maximum daily load for suspended sediment led to these improved conditions. As water clarity improved, so did conditions for aquatic plants; the clearer the water, the better the light penetration, and dramatic increases in plant biomass were observed. In the [...]
Tradeoffs between crop yield, agricultural residue burning, and groundwater depletion in India's wheat belt
Published: 2025-08-15
Subjects: Agriculture
Wheat is a staple crop in India, but yields have stagnated and are projected to further decline due to climate change. One way to increase yields is to ensure timely sowing, which allows the crop to mature prior to damaging heat stress at the end of the growing season. Using novel satellite data products that we developed along with a unique village-level dataset that we collated across India's [...]
Low-cost autonomous chambers enable high spatial and temporal resolution monitoring of soil CO₂ exchange across landscapes
Published: 2025-08-15
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biogeochemistry, Climate, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Meteorology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Soil Science, Sustainability, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
1. Soil CO₂ flux is a critical component of ecosystem carbon cycling, but due to high cost and mechanistic constraints, existing measurement systems are often limited by trade-offs between resolution (temporal and spatial), and spatial coverage. These constraints hinder efforts to monitor soil fluxes across diverse, heterogeneous landscapes and environmental gradients. 2. We developed Fluxbot [...]
Best practices for the analyses of CO2 fluids by Raman Spectroscopy
Published: 2025-08-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Raman spectroscopy is a key method for determining CO₂ densities in geological fluids, yet acquisition, calibration, and processing methodologies vary widely between laboratories. This study evaluates how these parameters affect precision and accuracy. We show that spectral non-linearity can cause a single instrument to show variable relationships between CO2 density and spectral parameters as [...]
Altitudinal and Seasonal Assessment of Precipitation Chemistry and Wet Deposition in the Vaz Research Forest, Northern Iran
Published: 2025-08-14
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
This study examines the chemical composition of precipitation across altitudinal gradients in the Vaz Research Forest, northern Iran, from 1999 to 2003. Precipitation samples were collected at 300, 1000, 1600, and 2200 m above sea level. Concentrations of nitrate (NO₃⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), ammonium (NH₄⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), and magnesium (Mg²⁺) and their wet deposition values were [...]
Precipitation-driven typology of storms in the Alps
Published: 2025-08-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Numerous advances in precipitation science hinge on our ability to accurately categorize storms into physically meaningful classes, particularly to differentiate between convective and non-convective phenomena. Nonetheless, achieving such classifications remains a challenge for the research community. Here, we propose a precipitation-driven typology of storms in the Alps developed through a [...]
Modeling Large Dust Aerosols in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2)
Published: 2025-08-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Dust aerosols have a wide size distribution from less than 1.0 nm to over 100 μm and dominate the Earth’s atmospheric aerosol mass. However, most Earth system models inadequately represent dust aerosols larger than 10 µm in diameter, limiting the accuracy of dust cycle and climatic impact simulations. Here, we introduce a new modeling framework that captures the observed full-size distribution of [...]
Can spinodal decomposition occur during decompression-induced vesiculation of magma?
Published: 2025-08-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Volcanic eruptions are driven by decompression-induced vesiculation of supersaturated volatiles in magma. The initial phase has long been described as a process of nucleation and growth. Recently, it was proposed that spinodal decomposition―an energetically spontaneous phase separation that does not require a distinct interface―may occur during decompression. This idea has attracted attention, [...]
Mutual Gravitational Capture as a Mechanism for Planetary Growth: An Alternative Hypothesis
Published: 2025-08-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study proposes a new hypothesis for the rapid growth of rocky planets through successive mutual gravitational capture events followed by planetary fusion. The model suggests that gravitational interactions between differentiated bodies with small mass differences can lead to collisions at velocities below the threshold required for full disruption, allowing fusion. The resulting planetary [...]
Impact of Equatorial Wind Change on the Meridional Heat Transport in the Atlantic
Published: 2025-08-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ocean heat transport in the Atlantic basin is northwards at all latitudes, and is largest between the equator and 42 degN. This heat transport impacts multiple aspects of the Earth's climate, setting tropical precipitation, surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice concentration. In this paper, we attempt to understand the role of the equatorial winds in setting the meridional heat transport in [...]
Dual and divergent formation pathways govern the composition and origins of mineral-associated organic carbon
Published: 2025-08-13
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) is the largest and most stable soil carbon reservoir, playing a central role in soil health and climate mitigation. Yet, quantitative understanding is lacking for the two fundamental processes forming MAOM— adsorption of dissolved organic matter and aggregation of insoluble organic particles—and how each pathway incorporates plant- versus microbial-derived [...]
High-ambition climate action in all sectors can achieve a 60% greenhouse gas emissions reduction in Korea by 2035
Published: 2025-08-13
Subjects: Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Under the Paris Agreement’s ratchet mechanism, countries are expected to enhance their nationally determined contributions (NDCs), including new targets for 2035. For Korea, one of the world’s largest CO2 emitters, the challenge is to strengthen its existing policy framework to not only ensure the achievement of its 2030 NDC but also support a more ambitious 2035 pathway. This study employs an [...]