Preprints
There are 5428 Preprints listed.
Challenges and Opportunities in Cryosphere in the Hindu Kush Himalaya
Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Hindu Kush Himalaya cryosphere faces critical challenges from climate change, including rapid glacier melt and reduced snow cover. These changes threaten water resources, ecosystems, and livelihoods across the region. However, opportunities emerge through advanced monitoring technologies and increased scientific understanding. Improved remote sensing and field observations allow better [...]
Conduit dynamics of the Rungwe Pumice eruption (Tanzania): From storage to fragmentation of phonolitic-trachytic magmas
Published: 2025-03-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The eruptive style and explosivity of a rising magma are initially shaped by the conditions established in the magmatic plumbing system. However, processes in the conduit during ascent exert a large influence on the final eruption style. Peralkaline magmas—bearing an agpaitic index>1—typically have high water saturation levels, promoting explosive behaviour during ascent. At the same time, [...]
Late Ordovician regional high-pressure metamorphism in Scotland: Caledonian metamorphic climax predated the closure of Iapetus
Published: 2025-03-03
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We document newly recognised Late Ordovician high-pressure (HP) metamorphism in the Scottish Caledonides. Garnet growth at ca. 455–445 Ma within metabasic rocks from the Ross of Mull is constrained to pressures >0.9 GPa and was associated with formation of kyanite-bearing assemblages in meta-pelites that equilibrated at peak conditions of 1.0–1.2 GPa and 700–780°C. This requires the burial of [...]
Performance and Stability Analysis of a GEIOS Proprietary Ionic Nanofluid for Medium to High-Temperature Geothermal Applications
Published: 2025-03-03
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Engineering, Engineering Science and Materials, Environmental Sciences, Mechanical Engineering, Other Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This study investigates the performance and stability of a proprietary ionic nanofluid developed by GEIOS Technologies for medium to high-temperature geothermal applications. The nanofluid integrates boron nitride nanoparticles, proprietary surface modifiers, and quantum-optimized additives to enhance thermal conductivity, heat transfer efficiency, and operational stability in closed-loop [...]
Novel Nitrogen Hybrid Gas-Based Nanofoam System for Enhanced Geothermal Applications: Nanogeios and GEIOS Geothermal EQG
Published: 2025-03-03
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This study presents a novel nitrogen hybrid gas nanofoam system designed for enhanced geothermal applications, validated through comprehensive laboratory testing. The system integrates a nitrogen gas matrix (95% by volume) infused with engineered aluminum oxide (0.6–0.8% vol) and silica (0.3–0.5% vol) nanoparticles, achieving superior thermal conductivity and fracture stability under simulated [...]
Geometric forward modeling of thrust systems underlying shortening landforms on Mercury
Published: 2025-02-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mercury hosts thousands of shortening landforms that are widespread across the entire planet. The shortening is widely accepted to be caused by a combination of thrust faulting and folding, resulting from the global contraction of Mercury caused by long, sustained cooling. Most shortening landforms on Mercury’s surface have been classified into one of two groups: lobate scarps or wrinkle ridges. [...]
Neoproterozoic denudation of a Laurentian superbasin
Published: 2025-02-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure
It has long been speculated that isolated Paleoproterozoic basins of northern Laurentia are remnants of a once contiguous sedimentary cover due to similarities in stratigraphy, paleocurrent directions, sediment provenance, and geochronological data. However, corroborating evidence for this 'superbasin hypothesis' has been lacking outside the footprints of the preserved basins. We present new [...]
Fresh ideas on modeling water demand and allocation in Global Hydrological Models
Published: 2025-02-28
Subjects: Hydrology
Global hydrological models are essential tools to address the increasing challenge of global water scarcity. However, current models often rely on simplistic assumptions for sectoral water allocation, limiting their ability to capture real-world complexities such as prioritization and competition among water uses. This paper introduces a theoretical two-layer framework that distinguishes between [...]
Landscapes on the edge: river intermittency in a warming world
Published: 2025-02-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sediment transport in rivers is not uniform through time. Highly intermittent systems, which only transport bedload during the most significant flow events, are particularly sensitive to changes in climate and precipitation patterns. Quantifying river intermittency is critical for assessing how fluvial landscapes will respond to projected changes in precipitation extremes due to climate change, [...]
Planetary health security?: critical scoping review of conceptual linkages between ‘health security’ and ‘planetary health’
Published: 2025-02-28
Subjects: Public Health
Background ‘Health security’ — the subjection of health to ‘security’ frameworks — and ‘planetary health’— the study of human health impacts of the degradation of planetary ecosystems — have emerged in the last decades as prominent global health fields. However, limited literature connects them, particularly incorporating critical perspectives. We explored interactions between these approaches [...]
Floods, Facts, and Fictions: Numbers and Narratives Behind Bangladesh’s 2024 Regional Floods
Published: 2025-02-27
Subjects: Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences
The August 2024 regional floods in Bangladesh, occurring shortly after a major political upheaval, were among the most severe in recent history, displacing millions and causing extensive damage. This paper examines both the scientific and social dimensions of this disaster by exploring the natural drivers that led to the flooding and the sociopolitical context that caused rumors to spread that [...]
Kimberlite, carbonatite and alkaline magmatic systems: definitions, origins, and strategic mineral resources
Published: 2025-02-27
Subjects: Education
This Chapter provides an overview of the nature and origin of kimberlites, carbonatites and alkaline silicate rocks, with emphasis on the strategic mineral deposits linked to these types of mantle-derived volcanism (e.g., diamonds and rare-earth elements). It is demonstrated that many of the critical raw materials hosted by carbonatites and alkaline silicate rocks are essential for the transition [...]
A composite index-based insurance instrument for managing the financial risk of variable hydrometeorology for electric utilities
Published: 2025-02-27
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Variable hydrometeorological conditions can impact electric utilities' financial stability. Extreme temperatures often increase electricity demand, raising utility costs, while drought reduces hydropower generation and often reduces revenues, with financial impacts potentially exacerbated by spikes in fuel prices, particularly natural gas. In this study, a model of the U.S. West Coast power [...]
Influence of snowpack properties and local incidence angle on SAR signal depolarization: a mathematical model for high-resolution snow depth estimation
Published: 2025-02-26
Subjects: Remote Sensing
Recently, Dual-Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been shown to be effective for large-scale snow cover monitoring, but it faces significant challenges when applied to finer resolutions, which are crucial for applications such as avalanche forecasting. In this study, we propose a novel mathematical model to retrieve snow properties from Sentinel-1 SAR data, leveraging variations in [...]
Seismic imaging of mid-crustal heterogeneity beneath geothermal systems, central Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
Published: 2025-02-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) in New Zealand is a region of highly pro- ductive Quaternary volcanism and very large hydrothermal heat flux. Here we investigate the upper- and mid-crustal seismic velocity structure of a region within the central, rhyolitic part of the TVZ encompassing the high- temperature geothermal systems Mokai, Wairakei, Ng¯a Tamariki, Orakei Korako, Te Kopia and Rotokawa. [...]