Preprints
There are 5068 Preprints listed.
Automated underwater image analysis reveals sediment patterns and megafauna distribution in the tropical Atlantic
Published: 2024-10-29
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The deep sea environment comprises diverse flora, fauna and habitats, whose characterisation is key towards our collective understanding of ocean health and resilience. Whereas direct sampling allows for detailed investigation of the vertical variability of seabed characteristics at small spatial scales, optical imaging is suitable for high-resolution assessment of the spatial distribution of [...]
Phase-equilibrium geobarometers for silicic rocks based on rhyolite-MELTS. Part 5: Principles for multiple-phase geobarometry with examples from plagioclase + orthopyroxene ± quartz ± magnetite assemblages
Published: 2024-10-29
Subjects: Geology
The quartz + feldspar rhyolite-MELTS phase-equilibrium geobarometer is a useful tool for calculating equilibration pressures of rhyolitic magmas. However, it is limited by requiring quartz saturation in magma. Here, we employ the principles from Parts 1-4 to move beyond modeling a specific mineral assemblage. We demonstrate methods for carefully interpreting the rhyolite-MELTS geobarometry [...]
A new 3D temperature model for Ireland from joint geophysical-petrological inversion of seismic, surface heat flow and petrophysical data
Published: 2024-10-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High-quality maps of subsurface temperature and the geothermal gradient are essential when assessing the geothermal potential of a region. However, determining geothermal potential is a challenge when direct measurements of in-situ temperature and thermal property information are sparse. In addition, indirect geophysical methods are sensitive to a range of parameters, not solely temperature. We [...]
Land conversions not climate effects are the dominant consequence of sun-driven CO2 capture, conversion, and sequestration
Published: 2024-10-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences
Removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is required for mitigating climate change. Large-scale direct air capture combined with injecting CO2 into geological formations could retain carbon long-term, but demands a substantial amount of energy, pipeline infrastructure, and suitable sites for gaseous storage. Here, we study Earth system impacts of modular, sun-powered process chains, [...]
Statistical properties and modelled duration of an intracontinental earthquake sequence: 2021 Mw 5.9 Woods Point earthquake, Australia
Published: 2024-10-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences
We investigate the 2021 moment magnitude (Mw) 5.9 Woods Point earthquake aftershock sequence (WPAS) in Victoria, Australia. WPAS Gutenberg-Richter b-values range from 0.76 to 1.07 and depend upon the earthquake magnitude type used (Mw vs Ml) and minimum completeness magnitude (Mc). The WPAS Modified Omori’s law p-value of 0.83~0.84 suggests slower aftershock decay rates, while the modelled [...]
Relative role of rock erodibility and sediment load in setting channel slope of mountain rivers
Published: 2024-10-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Rock strength influences channel slope by altering substrate erodibility and the size of sediments supplied to the channels. Although the frequent presence of knickpoints at lithological boundaries indicates that rock erodibility significantly determines channel morphology, a growing body of field evidence suggests that the coarse sediment supply from hard rock units is a primary factor in [...]
Green Growth Strategies: Exploring Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainable Economic Recovery
Published: 2024-10-27
Subjects: Biology
Green growth strategies aim to achieve sustainable economic recovery by integrating nature-based solutions (NbS) into economic and environmental policies. These strategies leverage the natural environment to address pressing issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and economic instability. By restoring ecosystems, improving natural resource management, and creating green infrastructure, [...]
Miocene ant-mealybug trophobiosis imaged with X-Ray micro-computed tomography
Published: 2024-10-26
Subjects: Paleobiology, Paleontology, Research Methods in Life Sciences
Amber is a remarkable preserving medium for Mesozoic and Cenozoic terrestrial biotas, but even when transparency is good, available viewing angles can be limited. The technique of X-ray micro-computed tomography allows inspection from any desired viewpoint and facilitates detailed anatomical measurements, avoiding parallax errors. Here, I show the use of this technique to study an extremely rare [...]
Station-orientation catalog for Australian broadband seismic stations
Published: 2024-10-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Many broadband seismic stations deployed permanently and temporarily in the Australian continent have been used for various seismological investigations in and around Australia. Although two horizontal components are generally assumed to be oriented in the north and east directions, as reported by data providers, misorientations of horizontal components from the true geographic north direction [...]
Towards statistical modeling of chlorophyll-a concentrations in Balikpapan Bay, Indonesia: Implications for algal bloom detection
Published: 2024-10-25
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Biogeochemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Marine Biology, Oceanography
This study presents a comprehensive statistical analysis of chlorophyll-a dynamics in Balikpapan Bay, Indonesia, combining time series analysis, extreme value modeling, and machine learning techniques to understand phytoplankton variability near Indonesia's planned new capital city. Analysis of daily chlorophyll-a concentrations (2019-2021) revealed a non-Gaussian distribution (skewness = 2.212, [...]
Harnessing nature-based solutions for economic recovery: a systematic review
Published: 2024-10-25
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Sustainability
Nature-based solutions (NbS) involve working with nature to address societal challenges in ways that benefit communities and biodiversity locally. However, their role supporting economic recovery from crises, such as those arising from conflicts or pandemics remains underexplored. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review of 66 reviews on the economic impact of nature-based [...]
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Measurements from Saildrones, with Applications to Submesoscale Studies
Published: 2024-10-25
Subjects: Oceanography
Characterizing submesoscale ocean processes requires high-resolution observations in both space O(1 km) and time O(1 hr). One way to resolve submesoscale features is to deploy multiple mobile platforms, such as Saildrones (SDs), to achieve high-resolution synchronous measurements, but this requires velocity accuracies of O(1 cm/s) to resolve submesoscale velocity gradients. In this study, we [...]
Multi-Phase Tectonic and Volcanic Evolution of a Nascent Backarc Rift: Impacts of Spreading Centre Reorientation, Subduction Reversals, Ridge Collisions, and Asymmetric Slab Rollback on the Northern New Hebrides Backarc
Published: 2024-10-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Intra-oceanic backarc are characterized by crustal accretion along seafloor spreading axes; however, little is known about the initial rifting of the over-riding plate prior to the establishment of stable seafloor spreading. To address this knowledge gap, we investigate the ~3.5 Ma backarc troughs in the New Hebrides Subduction Zone. Using available bathymetric data, we developed [...]
A Novel Methodology to Map Hydrogen Storage Potential in Salt Caverns: A Case Study of the Midwestern and Appalachian Regions of the United States
Published: 2024-10-24
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Sustainability
Hydrogen is widely understood to be critical for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors like heavy industry, and long-distance transportation as well as balancing a variable renewable energy dominated power grid. Here, we propose a methodology for evaluating the potential for hydrogen storage in geological salt resources. This methodology starts with a characterization of salt resources by [...]
Towards surface-wave tomography with 3D resolution and uncertainty
Published: 2024-10-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Surface-wave tomography is crucial for mapping upper-mantle structure in poorly instrumented regions such as the oceans. However, data sparsity and errors lead to tomographic models with complex resolution and uncertainty, which can impede meaningful physical interpretations. Accounting for the full 3D resolution and robustly estimating model uncertainty remains challenging in surface-wave [...]