There are 2174 Preprints listed.
Published: 2021-04-15
Subjects: Geology, Planetary Geology, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Shock metamorphism is the process by which rocks, and the minerals within them, transform during the passage of a shock wave. Shock effects, such as shatter cones, are critical for the identification of impact structures and have commonly been used to infer mechanical and structural information on the cratering process. To make these inferences, the mechanics of shock wave behavior must be [...]
Published: 2021-04-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The Pamir orogen protrudes $\sim$300-km between the Tajik and Tarim lithosphere of central Asia. It is debated, whether its salient location and shape is controlled by indentation of a promontory of Indian mantle lithosphere or by rollback of thinned Tarim--Tajik-basin lithosphere. We present a new local-seismicity and focal-mechanism catalog and a P-wave velocity model [...]
Published: 2021-04-14
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
The orientation of and contacts between grains of sand reflect the processes that deposit the sands. Grain orientation and contact geometry also influence mechanical properties. Quantifying and understanding sand microstructure thus provide an opportunity to understand depositional processes better and connect microstructure and macroscopic properties. We compare naturally-deposited beach sands [...]
Published: 2021-04-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Study region: Sio Malaba Malakisi river basin, East Africa. Study Focus: Poor rain-gauge density is a limitation to comprehensive hydrological studies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently, Satellite precipitation products (SPPs) provide an alternative source of data for possible use in hydrological modelling. However, there is need to test their reliabilities across varied hydro-climatic and [...]
Published: 2021-04-14
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Seismic observations indicate that the lowermost mantle above the core-mantle boundary is strongly heterogeneous. Body waves reveal a variety of ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs), which extend not more than 100 km above the core-mantle boundary and have shear velocity reductions of up to 30%. While the nature and origin of these ULVZs remain uncertain, some have suggested they are evidence of [...]
Published: 2021-04-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
On 3 September 2017, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) carried out its sixth declared underground nuclear test (NK6) at the Punggye‐ri test site. With body‐wave magnitude 6.1, this explosion was significantly larger than any of the previous five explosions, and it has been followed by numerous smaller seismic events. The explosion generated seismic waves dominated by significantly [...]
Published: 2021-04-14
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Oceanography
Scientific discovery can be aided when data is shared following the principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, reusability (FAIR) data (Wilkinson et al., 2016). Recent discussions in the palaeoclimate literature have focussed on defining the ideal database format for storing data and associated metadata. Here, we highlight an often overlooked primary process in widespread [...]
Published: 2021-04-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Our current understanding of climate and its relationship to fires is generally confined to the recent past where instrumental records and satellite imagery are available. Speleothem records of past environmental change provide a unique opportunity to explore fire frequency and intensity in the past, and the antecedent climatic conditions leading to fire events. Here, we compare fire sensitive [...]
Published: 2021-04-14
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Public Health, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Background. Prior studies have found that residential proximity to upstream oil and gas production is associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Emissions of ambient air pollutants from oil and gas wells in the preproduction and production stages has been proposed as conferring risk of adverse health effects, but the extent of air pollutant emissions from wells is not clear. [...]
Published: 2021-04-14
Subjects: Agriculture, Environmental Engineering
The 2018 drought in Sweden has triggered questions about climate adaptation and mitigation measures, especially in the agricultural sector, which suffered the most. This study applies a water-food-energy nexus modelling framework to evaluate drought impacts on irrigation and agriculture in Sweden using 2018 and 2019 as case studies. A previous water-food-energy nexus model was updated to [...]
Published: 2021-04-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The importance of pore fluid pressure (Pf) for fault strength, stress state and slip behavior holds promise for explaining spatio-temporal subduction zone megathrust behavior, but the coseismic state of Pf and its distribution with depth are poorly constrained. Here, we analyze fault stress states and 3D rupture dynamics of six scenarios based on the 2004 Mw 9.1 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. We [...]
Published: 2021-04-13
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Within the northern East African Rift, multiple seismic models have been produced to understand the evolution of magmatism, however variations in method, resolution, and scale make direct comparisons challenging. The lack of instrumentation off rift further limits our understanding of the spatial extent of tectonic and magmatic processes, which is crucial to understanding magmatic continental [...]
Published: 2021-04-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Speleothems have long been regarded as state-of-the-art materials for terrestrial paleoclimate reconstruction owing to their potential for precisely dated chronologies and preservation of detailed oxygen isotopic (d18O) records that are routinely interpreted as a proxy for hydroclimate. Yet replicated speleothem d18O records from the same cave do not always agree, posing a conundrum: if these [...]
Published: 2021-04-09
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Several studies have suggested Indonesia to be among the top plastic polluting countries globally. Data on the presence and amounts of plastic pollution are required to help design effective plastic reduction and mitigation strategies. Research quantifying plastic pollution in Indonesia has picked up in recent years. However, a lack of central coordination in this research has led to research [...]
Published: 2021-04-09
Subjects: Geomorphology, Nature and Society Relations, Sustainability
There are nearly 300 barrier islands between Maine and Texas, and of these, at least 70 are intensively developed. Mean population density along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts are the highest in the country. Such concentrated development exists and continues despite the fact that barrier islands are transient landscapes, not only over geologic time scales of millennia but also within human and [...]