Preprints
There are 5726 Preprints listed.
Combined thermodynamic-kinetic-competitive controls on anaerobic respiration pathways and the chemistry of natural waters
Published: 2025-06-13
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences
Microbial metabolisms underpin geochemical cycling in nearly all of the Earth's biosphere. Anaerobic pathways of carbon mineralization by iron and sulfate reduction and methanogenesis, in particular, have existed over most of Earth history and have been central in shaping the chemistry of the oceans and atmosphere. The governing principles by which microbial metabolisms contribute to water-column [...]
Green Hydrogen from Biomass in Kenya: Geospatial Feed-stock Mapping and Decentralized Energy Integration
Published: 2025-06-13
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As countries race to decarbonize, green hydrogen has emerged as a crucial clean energy transformation vehicle. In Sub-Saharan Africa, sufficient biomass resource potential exists to become an actual feedstock for decentralised hydrogen production, but under-explored are the spatial mismatches between resource occurrences and infrastructure systems. The paper conducts a geospatial assessment of [...]
Limitations of Mw and M Scales: Compelling Evidence Advocating for the Das Magnitude Scale (Mwg)—A Critical Review and Analysis
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract Precise determination of earthquake size is cru cial for various geoscientific and engineering applications. The Moment Magnitude (Mw) scale, introduced by Kan amori in 1977, was a significant advancement. Kanamori (1977) advocated use of Mw for large earthquakes (≥ 7.5). (Hanks and Kanamori in J. Geophys. Res. 84:2348–2350) later extended the Mw scale named as M scale by [...]
Mitigating Methane in Jordan: National Inventory, Emission Projections, and Policy Pathways
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
BACKGROUND Jordan lacks a comprehensive national methane inventory integrating multi-sectoral sources, projections, and policy pathways. Despite methane’s outsized climate impact (28× CO2e over 100 years) and contribution to health-harming ozone, existing local studies focus narrowly on waste sector point sources, neglecting agriculture (19% of emissions) and energy (10%). This gap impedes [...]
Greywater Quantities and Qualities in Low-Income Kumasi, Ghana: Implications for Sustainable Water Management.
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Household greywater, comprising wastewater from laundry, kitchen, and bathroom activities, poses significant environmental and public health challenges in peri-urban communities with limited sanitation infrastructure. This study quantified and characterized greywater from 10 households in Kotei, a peri-urban community in Kumasi, Ghana, over a 10-week period in 2023. Using a cross-sectional [...]
Assessing the potential of the MTG-FCI geostationary mission for the detection of methane plumes
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring
The Flexible Combined Imager on the Meteosat Third Generation (MTG-FCI) provides geostationary observations over Europe and Africa, the Middle East, and parts of South America, and the surrounding waters. The FCI samples the visible, near-infrared and shortwave infrared spectral windows with a spatial resolution at nadir between 500 and 1000 m, and a 10-min temporal sampling. This configuration [...]
A Method for the Prediction of Seismic Discontinuity Topography from Thermochemical Mantle Circulation Models
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
We demonstrate a method for the prediction of seismic discontinuity topography from thermochemical Mantle Circulation Models (MCMs). We find the discontinuity depth by using the peak reflectivity at each location in our mid-mantle, taking account of compositional as well as thermal variations. We make some comparisons of our predicted topographies with those observed using SS-precursors, [...]
Comprehensive quantification of production costs for large-scale kelp aquaculture and cost reduction opportunities
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Natural Resource Economics, Other Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A highly realistic techno-economic analysis (TEA) was developed to assess the cost of production (COP, US $ per fresh tonne kelp) for large-scale kelp aquaculture. The TEA resolves feedbacks across structural design and response, operational requirements and decisions, site properties, and biological response. We apply the TEA to a Saccharina latissima farming operation at a 100m deep, 405 [...]
Analysis of temperature anomalies using machine learning, numerical methods and statistical techniques in global and Nepal datasets.
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study analyzes temperature anomalies to compare Nepal’s local trends with global patterns using Berkeley Earth data. Techniques like regression, Gaussian fitting, interpolation, moving averages, Rossler attractors, and spiral graphs revealed cyclical and chaotic climate behaviors. Results show a strong link between Nepal’s climate trends and global patterns, influenced by its unique [...]
The geomorphological and sedimentological legacy of the historical Lake Lorsch within the Weschnitz floodplain (northeastern Upper Rhine Graben, Germany)
Published: 2025-06-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
The artificial historical Lake Lorsch (1474/79 to 1718/20 CE) in the northeastern Upper Rhine Graben (Germany) is known from various historical sources, e.g. for fish farming, as a significant anthropogenic imprint of the Weschnitz floodplain. Nevertheless, there have been no geomorphological and sedimentological investigations about the (quasi-)natural context for the creation of the lake, its [...]
From awareness to action: Applying Q Methodology to understand local government perspectives to deliver climate resilient WASH
Published: 2025-06-11
Subjects: International and Area Studies
Climate change presents significant threats to the sustainability of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, adaptation efforts often overlook the perspectives of those tasked with implementing change at the local level. This study applies Q methodology to explore the subjective viewpoints of local government officials in [...]
Microbial dynamics in an intertrappean lake during the terminal phase of Deccan volcanism
Published: 2025-06-11
Subjects: Education, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Biogeochemical changes associated with Deccan volcanism and their potential link to the K/Pg extinction event are still debated in Palaeoclimate research. Contemporary terrestrial organosedimentary deposits are important archives for understanding the perturbation in the biogeochemical cycling during this critical episode in Earth's history. Here, we report an intertrappean lacustrine carbonate [...]
Quantifying sulfur speciation in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids
Published: 2025-06-11
Subjects: Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Inorganic Chemistry, Natural Resource Economics, Physical Chemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Quantitative knowledge of sulfur speciation in the fluid phase is key to understanding sulfur degassing from magmas and its transfer along with metals by fluids across the lithosphere. Farsang and Zajacz(1) recently reported new sulfur speciation data using Raman spectroscopy measurements on aqueous H2SO4-NaCl(-KCl) solutions trapped as synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz at 875 °C and 2 kbar [...]
Enhancing daily precipitation reconstruction: An improved version of the reddPrec R package
Published: 2025-06-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Reconstructing high-quality daily precipitation series is essential for climate studies, hydrological modeling, and environmental applications. This work presents a new version of reddPrec, a versatile and flexible R package designed to reconstruct precipitation datasets through standard quality control, gap-filling, and grid creation procedures. The update introduces greater flexibility in [...]
Confirming that Modern Global Warming is Predominantly Geomagnetically Driven and Seeking other Drivers by Employing Latitudinal bands.
Published: 2025-06-10
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The hypothesis that most of modern warming is geomagnetically driven is tested and shown to be correct. Models employing single and multiple geomagnetic parameters including both North and South Dip Pole positions, Tilt and Dipole Strength are developed and tested. Pole movement with accompanying changs in Tilt and Dipole strength changes particle precipitation, changes cloud, lowers albedo [...]