Preprints
There are 4992 Preprints listed.
Towards a widely applicable earthquake detection algorithm for fibreoptic and hybrid fibreoptic-seismometer networks
Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a promising technology for providing dense (metre-scale) sampling of the seismic wavefield. However, harnessing this potential for earthquake detection with accurate phase picking and associated localisation remains challenging. Single-channel algorithms are limited by individual channel noise, while machine learning and semblance methods are typically [...]
Imperviousness in Hungary's Second Largest City Using Spatial Analytics
Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Engineering
Urbanization in Debrecen, Hungary, has rapidly developed buildings and infrastructure, replacing ecosystems like vegetation, forest, and farmland. This has created a high percentage of sealed-up land, which cannot absorb water leading to water quality impairment in nearby water bodies. This research aims to examine the degree of land imperviousness in Debrecen, Hungary, and its effect on [...]
Two-dimensional Ekman-Inertial Instability: A comparison with Inertial Instability
Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In the ocean, submesoscale flows tend to undergo several hydrodynamic instabilities. In particular, Inertial Instability (InI) and Ekman-Inertial Instability (EII) are known to develop in geostrophically balanced barotropic flows whose lateral shear is larger in magnitude and opposite in sign to the Coriolis parameter. Although these instabilities share some elements, their dynamical nature can [...]
Recovering nutrients from urine – a golden opportunity for sustainable fertiliser production
Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Agricultural Science, Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering, Environmental Studies, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
The utilization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in agriculture has surpassed the safe-operating thresholds for biogeochemical cycles, necessitating the adoption of more efficient nutrient management strategies to restore this balance. The predominant source of N and P supplementation globally stems from the application of synthetic fertilizers. This study explores the potential of nutrient [...]
A Phenology-Dependent Analysis for Identifying Key Drought Indicators for Crop Yield based on Causal Inference and Information Theory
Published: 2024-08-29
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Drought indicators, which are quantitative measurements of drought severity and duration, are used to monitor and predict the risk and effects of drought, particularly in relation to the sustainability of agriculture and water supplies. This research uses causal inference and information theory to discover the drought index, which is the most efficient indicator for agricultural productivity and [...]
Two-layer formulation for long-runout turbidity currents: theory and bypass flow case
Published: 2024-08-28
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Turbidity currents, which are stratified, sediment-laden bottom flows in the ocean or lakes, can run out for 100's to 1000's of kilometers in submarine channels without losing their stratified structure. Here we derive a layer-averaged, two-layer model for turbidity currents, specifically designed to capture long-runout. Previous models have captured runout only 10’s of kilometers, beyond which [...]
Rupture Dynamics and Near-Fault Ground Motion of the Mw7.8 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey earthquake of February 6, 2023
Published: 2024-08-28
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We studied the dynamic rupture propagation of the February 6th, 2023 (Mw7.8, 01:17 UTC) Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş), Turkey, earthquake by incorporating the non-planar fault structure, the regional stress field, and a data-driven friction parameterization into numerical simulations. To explain the rupture extent of 200 km and the average speed, a regional non-uniform load is necessary and was [...]
Life Beyond Biology: Perspectives on the Earth as an Organism
Published: 2024-08-28
Subjects: Life Sciences
The idea that planet Earth can be considered as an organism is discussed in perspective. To this end, we provide a historical context for the concept of life, as well as a summary of important advances in planetary science. We show that autonomy, which has been described as the fundamental property of living organisms, is consistent with the operation of the whole planet coupling (WPC), which in [...]
Localized west-dipping seismic structure defines the Elgin-Lugoff Swarm Sequence in South Carolina
Published: 2024-08-28
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An unusual earthquake swarm began in December 2021 between the towns of Elgin and Lugoff in South Carolina, United States. This area is characterized by historically low seismicity, but by April 2024 it has experienced 97 small earthquakes listed in the USGS catalog, presenting a unique opportunity to investigate the dynamics of earthquake swarms in stable continental regions. These events are [...]
Distinct roles for precession, obliquity and eccentricity in 100kyr glacial cycles
Published: 2024-08-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Attempts to discriminate between the specific roles of precession, obliquity and eccentricity in glacial/interglacial transitions have been hindered by imprecise age control. We circumvent this problem by focussing on the morphology of deglaciation/termination, which we show depends strongly on the relative phasing of precession versus obliquity. We demonstrate that while both parameters are [...]
The extended Global Lake area, Climate, and Population (GLCP) dataset: Extending the GLCP to include ice, snow, and radiation-related climate variables
Published: 2024-08-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resource Economics, Natural Resources and Conservation, Other Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
A changing climate and increasing human population necessitate understanding global freshwater availability. To enable assessment of lake water variability from local-to-global and monthly-to-decadal scales, we extended the Global Lake area, Climate, and Population (GLCP) dataset, which contains monthly lake surface area for 1.42 million lakes with paired basin-level climate and population data [...]
Frictional Properties of Simulated Fault Gouges subject to Normal Stress Oscillation and Implications for Induced Seismicity
Published: 2024-08-24
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Risk Analysis
Under critical conditions where experimental fault slip exhibits self-sustained oscillation, effects of normal stress oscillation (NSO) on fault strength and stability remain poorly understood, as do potential effects of NSO on natural and induced seismicity. In this study, we employed double direct shear testing to investigate the frictional behavior of a synthetic, slightly velocity-weakening [...]
On weighted ensembles of streamflow: bias correct separately and prefer constrained weights for more reliable and predictable outputs
Published: 2024-08-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Hydrology, Statistical Models, Water Resource Management
It has become more and more common in hydrology to consider multiple estimates of hydrological variables – ensembles – over single model runs. Ensemble members represent different realisations of various model structures, input data, and/or parametrisations. Improved predictions can be made using weighted ensembles with wide variety of model averaging methods found in the literature, but only a [...]
How much is enough? Uncertainty aware sample mass determination of coarse-grained soils for particle size analyses
Published: 2024-08-23
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Geology, Geomorphology, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Probability, Sedimentology, Soil Science, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability, Stratigraphy
Determining particle size distributions (PSD) of soils is a basic first step in many geotechnical analyses and guidance is given in different national standards. For ambiguous reasons, the recommended required minimum sample mass (m_min) for the PSD-analyses of soils with a main component of gravel or greater is always based on equations including the soil's maximum grain diameter (D_max). We [...]
Systematic review of occurrence and distribution of manganese in drinking water in India and implications for population health
Published: 2024-08-23
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering
Objectives: This study seeks to understand manganese occurrence in drinking water in India. Methods We searched PubMed, EBSCO Global Health, and Web of Science in December, 2021 and included peer-reviewed studies published after 1969 in English that reported manganese concentrations in drinking water in India (protocol registered with PROSPERO: CRD42024566116). Bias within studies was assessed [...]