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Preprints

There are 5726 Preprints listed.

Modeling Daily Plume Specific Smoke Concentrations for Health Effects Studies with Estimates of Fire Size, Plume Age, and Fuel Type

SAM D FAULSTICH, Matthew J. Strickland, Yan Liu, et al.

Published: 2025-05-15
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Public Health, Statistical Models, Transport Phenomena

Inhaling smoke PM2.5 can cause adverse health effects ranging from acute (e.g., lung irritation) to chronic (e.g., lung cancer). Acute health effects have immediate implications for public health, requiring rapid response to minimize harm during an exposure window. Estimating acute health effects requires short-term (e.g., daily) estimates of fire-specific smoke PM2.5 concentrations at ground [...]

Accuracy and realism of CMIP6 candidate models in capturing dry, moist, and extreme precipitation anomalies in the Laurentian Great Lakes.

Tasmeem Meem, Elizabeth Carter, Tripti Bhattacharya, et al.

Published: 2025-05-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Great Lakes are the world’s largest freshwater system, and understanding how Great Lakes precipitation dynamics will be modified by climate change is of critical importance. As the Great Lakes straddles a semi-arid to humid transitional region, trustworthy precipitation predictions must be generated by models that can accurately capture both thermodynamical and dynamical drivers of regional [...]

Reducing Bias in Cropland Soil Organic Carbon and Clay Predictions using Sentinel-2 Composites and Data Balancing

Tom Broeg, Axel Don, Thomas Scholten, et al.

Published: 2025-05-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Accurate maps of cropland soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) and clay content are essential for climate-smart agriculture. Soil reflectance composites (SRC), derived from multispectral bare soil observations, offer a scalable approach to high-resolution soil mapping. While studies often focus on maximizing model performance, challenges remain regarding (1) the bias introduced by masking and [...]

Turbulent Snow Transport and Accumulation: New Reduced-Order Models and Diagnostics

Nikolas Olson Aksamit, Alex P. Encinas-Bartos, Holt Hancock, et al.

Published: 2025-05-15
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Dynamical Systems, Fluid Dynamics, Glaciology, Hydrology, Meteorology, Non-linear Dynamics

Understanding and modeling snow particle dynamics in the atmosphere remains a significant challenge for atmospheric scientists, hydrologists, and glaciologists. Temporally and spatially varying rates of snow transport, deposition, and erosion are driven by atmospheric turbulence and further complicated by inertial particle dynamics. Even with perfectly resolved wind fields, accurately predicting [...]

Most bivalves and gastropods calcify indistinguishably from dual clumped isotope equilibrium

Vanessa Schlidt, David Evans, Niels J. de Winter, et al.

Published: 2025-05-14
Subjects: Education

Molluscan shell-carbonates are extensively used to reconstruct paleo-temperatures at sub-annual resolution. The accurate application of two widely used temperature proxies, the shell carbonate oxygen isotope (ẟ18O) and carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) composition, is based on the assumption that kinetics in the DIC-H2O-CaCO3 system were either absent or invariant during shell formation and/or [...]

Precursory Patterns, Evolution and Physical Interpretation of the 2025 Santorini-Amorgos Seismic Sequence

Davide Zaccagnino, Georgios Michas, Luciano Telesca, et al.

Published: 2025-05-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The 2025 Santorini-Amorgos seismic sequence marked a significant episode of volcanic-seismic unrest in the Hellenic Volcanic Arc, offering a unique opportunity to investigate precursory patterns and the dynamic evolution of seismicity in a complex tectonic setting. Here, we analyze the preparatory phase of the crisis using a high-resolution relocated seismic catalog, anomaly detection, and [...]

The Interplay of Vegetation and Land-Atmosphere Feedbacks in Flash Drought Prediction

Mahmoud Osman, Benjamin Zaitchik, Patricia Lawston-Parker, et al.

Published: 2025-05-13
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Environmental Monitoring

Flash droughts, known for their rapid onset and intensification, pose a significant threat to agriculture and water resources. The 2011 Texas flash drought, with its widespread agricultural losses exceeding $7.6 billion and severe ecological consequences, was a stark demonstration of their devastating impacts. This study investigates the crucial role of vegetation in numerical modeling of flash [...]

Luminescence Characteristics of Terrestrial Jarosite from Kachchh, India: A Martian Analogue

Malika Singhal, Himela Moitra, Souvik Mitra, et al.

Published: 2025-05-11
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

In this study, naturally occurring jarosite samples from Kachchh India (considered to be Martian analogue) were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Cathodoluminescence- Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (CL-EDXS) and luminescence (thermoluminescence (TL), blue and infrared stimulated luminescence (BSL and IRSL) methods. FTIR and CL-EDXS studies suggested that [...]

Carbon-negative nickel mining to meet global mineral resource demands

Quin R.S. Miller, Alexandra Nagurney, Madalyn Blondes, et al.

Published: 2025-05-11
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

CO2-Enhanced Mineral Recovery (CO2-EMR) is a deep in situ mining technology that utilizes an engineered CO2 leaching fluid to extract nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) from subsurface ultramafic rocks, while simultaneously permanently mineralizing CO2 as carbonate minerals. This carbon negative process can contribute to meeting the mineral demands of current and emerging energy technologies. We [...]

Surface tension estimation of bubble nuclei in magma using spinodal pressure and nonclassical nucleation theory

Mizuki Nishiwaki

Published: 2025-05-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Efforts to estimate the magma decompression rate from the vesicular texture of volcanic products have progressed through the development of theoretical models and laboratory experiments. The theoretical model is based on nucleation theory, with the surface tension between the melt and bubble nucleus being the parameter that most strongly governs nucleation. Since direct estimation of surface [...]

Human Intelligence Forming in the Rhythm of Solar Activity

Viktor P Vasylyev

Published: 2025-05-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Biology, Earth Sciences, Neuroscience and Neurobiology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Planetary Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

This study relates to environmental biology and examines a possible link between atmospheric radiation ecology, modulated by space weather, and human cognitive development by analyzing correlations of solar activity phenomena with various indicators of intellectual potential. A novel metric, the Proton Flare Index (PFI), is introduced to quantify the influence of high-energy solar proton events [...]

Correlation Between Commuting Behavior and Air Pollution

Raphael Yang

Published: 2025-05-10
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences

One of the biggest causes of air pollution in a city is the use of gasoline engined vehicles, such as cars, buses, and motorcycles, which is used every day as a commuting mode for citizens. Commuting behaviors of people can be categorized into two big factors, public transportation and private transportation. The research invested on whether or not higher usage rate of public transportation [...]

Solution of the Bloch Equation Based on Spectral Diagonalization and Matrix Exponential Integration: Modeling of SSFP for SNMR

Tingting Lin, Qingyue Wang, Chuandong Jiang, et al.

Published: 2025-05-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Soil Science

We present a spectral-diagonalization-based matrix exponential integration (SD-MEI) algorithm for efficient and stable solutions of fully coupled Bloch equations in surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR). Conventional explicit numerical methods exhibit cumulative discretization errors and escalating computational costs due to step-size dependence and finite precision limitations. SD-MEI [...]

The Global Peace and Food Security; A case study of the Global South and the South Pacific Island Nations; the need for affordable wheat and grain supply

Tobert Akau Ken

Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Life Sciences

Most countries in the Global South, Africa, and Pacific Island have irregular rainfall patterns, with strains of El Niño patterns causing severe food shortages. Plant breeding on grains is non-existent in Pacific Island nations, and the main staple foods are imported rice and wheat, although their prices are exorbitant. Food labelling and marketing of affordable energy grains from conventional [...]

A Review of Atmospheric Micro/Nanoplastics: Insights into Source and Fate for Modelling Studies

Fei Jiang, Chengze Gao, Arthur W. H. Chan, et al.

Published: 2025-05-09
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Environmental Sciences

Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs), as emerging pollutants, have attracted increasing attention due to their potential adverse effects on human health, ecosystems, and climate. The rapid, turbulent, and large-scale nature of atmospheric transport facilitates both horizontal and vertical movement of MNPs over long distances within a short time, largely independent of topographical constraints, thereby [...]

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