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Preprints

There are 5516 Preprints listed.

Reflections on the first State of the Map Conference in Malawi

Patrick Ken Kalonde, Blessings Chiepa, Joshua Kacheyo, et al.

Published: 2025-03-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science

State of the Map (SotM) conferences are important events that enable OpenStreetMap (OSM) contributors and users to present and discuss their work. However, when international SotM conferences are held in the Global North countries, participation by African geoscientists is not guaranteed due to various barriers, including travel costs and visa restrictions. Conversely, locally held SotM [...]

How to deal w___ missing input data

Martin Gauch, Frederik Kratzert, Daniel Klotz, et al.

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hydrology, Water Resource Management

Deep learning hydrologic models have made their way from research to applications. More and more national hydrometeorological agencies, hydro power operators, and engineering consulting companies are building Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models for operational use cases. All of these efforts come across similar sets of challenges—challenges that are different from those in controlled scientific [...]

Understanding Flood Risk in Public Transit Systems: Insights from Accessibility and Vulnerability Analysis in Iowa

Yazeed Alabbad, Ibrahim Demir

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Risk Analysis, Spatial Science, Transportation Engineering

Flooding is a major challenge for urban transportation systems, hindering access to essential services and jobs, especially for vulnerable populations. This study examines the impact of large flood extents on public transportation in Johnson and Linn counties, Iowa, United States, focusing on flood-prone bus routes, reduced service frequency, and access to job locations. Using Geographic [...]

Embracing Large Language Model (LLM) Technologies in Hydrology Research

Zewei Ma, Bin Peng, Zhenrui Yue, et al.

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology

The growing complexity of hydrological systems necessitates innovative approaches to data management, knowledge management, and model development. Large Language Models (LLMs) have great potential to revolutionize hydrological research by unifying and advancing these three critical aspects. In this perspective work, we review recent advances and applications of LLMs and exemplify using LLMs in [...]

Summertime sediment storage on the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf and implications for ice-sediment rafting and shelf erosion

Emily Eidam

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Arctic coastlines are known to be rapidly eroding, but the fate of this material in the coastal ocean (and the sedimentary dynamics of Arctic continental shelves in general) is less well-constrained. This study used summertime mooring data from the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf to study sediment-transport patterns which are dominated by waves and wind-driven currents. Easterly wind events account for [...]

Thermogenic Methane Production in Antarctic Subglacial Hydrocarbon Seeps

Gavin Piccione, Jared Nirenberg, Joseph Novak, et al.

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Methane forms beneath ice sheets through microbial methanogenesis and thermogenic breakdown of organic matter, creating a potentially large greenhouse gas reservoir prone to release during glacial retreat. Subglacial thermogenic methanogenesis can increase gas buildup and create oases for life, but this process has not yet been observed in Antarctica, contributing to uncertainty in the spatial [...]

Collaborative Assessment of a Large-Scale Integrated Landscape Restoration Project in the Steep-Slope Regions of Central Africa

Francesco Piras, Giulio Castelli, Antonio Santoro, et al.

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences

Landscape restoration projects are among the most extensive conservation actions at the global level that have been promoted in the last three decades. Such projects, however, cannot exclusively be based on the restoration of natural and semi-natural ecosystems, but should focus on a cultural landscape approach balancing environmental and socio-economic needs. One of the largest restoration [...]

Ediacaran coupling of climate and biosphere dynamics

Thomas William Wong Hearing, Benjamin Tindal, Thomas M. Vandyk, et al.

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Climate, Glaciology, Paleontology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

Throughout the Phanerozoic (538.8 Ma to present), climate change is demonstrably linked to radiations, extinctions, and turnovers in the biosphere. Here, we show that this connection existed in the late Ediacaran (~579 to 538.8 Ma), the first interval in Earth’s history to host complex macro-organisms, including early metazoans. Current correlations of glacial sedimentary deposits have been used [...]

Solar control of global mean temperature outweighed since 1940s by anthropogenic warming (by airborne soot, not CO2): literature synthesis

Roger Higgs

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Primarily solar control of global warming and cooling for the last 9,000 years is proven by the striking likeness between published graphs of (1) average near-surface air temperature (from proxies and, since 1880, NASA-GISS thermometer data) and (2) solar-magnetic output. Graph-to-graph visual cross-matching of spikes (peaks, troughs) and of multi-century trends reveals a ~150-year temperature [...]

Hothouse hydrology: Evolving river dynamics in the Eocene Montllobat and Castissent Formations, Southern Pyrenees

Jonah S. McLeod, Alexander C Whittaker, Gary J Hampson, et al.

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Environmental forcings have shaped landscapes and basins across geologic history, and Earth’s surface is projected to undergo rapid change in the near future amidst increasing climate extremes. Rivers are highly sensitive to climate and tectonic change, and understanding how fluvial systems respond to greenhouse climates in dynamic tectono-geomorphic settings is vital to projecting imminent [...]

Mercury budget in global rivers at present-day: impacts from reservoirs and dams

Dong Peng, Zeli Tan, Peipei Wu, et al.

Published: 2025-03-14
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Water Resource Management

Many world rivers are currently polluted by mercury (Hg) compounds, leading to the bioaccumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) in the food web, which poses potential health risks to humans. However, the riverine Hg budgets of global scale remain poorly understood due to limited observations, complicating efficient environmental governance. Here, we employ a process-driven Hg model to track its [...]

Plausible global emissions scenario for the 2℃-target aligned with China’s net-zero pathway

Junting Zhong, Xiaoye Zhang, Zhang Da, et al.

Published: 2025-03-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences

Due to sizeable anthropogenic CO2 emissions, China’s transition towards carbon neutrality will fundamentally alter global CO2 emissions, providing critical insights into warming levels, extreme events, overshoot, tipping points, and regional climate impacts. Existing emission scenarios that fail to reflect this transition increasingly diverge from reality. To bridge this gap, we developed an [...]

Is abyssal dark oxygen production even possible at all?

Angel Cuesta, Marcel Jaspars

Published: 2025-03-10
Subjects: Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Physical principles need to be respected when interpreting controversial findings such as the production of abyssal oxygen. Such extraordinary claims must be analysed carefully before a large research effort is mounted and valuable human and financial resources are wasted based on flawed data. We are aware of the sensitivities around polymetallic nodules and their potential value as a source of [...]

Modern Cave Monitoring Informs Interpretations of Past Climate Change: Applications to Titan Cave, Wyoming

Bryce Kenneth Belanger, Cameron B. de Wet, Bryan L. McKenzie, et al.

Published: 2025-03-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Speleology

Monitoring of cave environments is an essential process for deciphering records of past climate change preserved in the geochemical composition of speleothems, or mineral cave deposits. This study presents data from a multi-year monitoring effort in Titan Cave, Wyoming, a site of interest due to the abundance of speleothems suitable for paleoclimate reconstruction. Titan Cave exhibits annual cave [...]

Persistent high-pressure magma storage beneath a near-ridge ocean island volcano (Isla Floreana, Galápagos)

Matthew Lloyd Morgan Gleeson, Penny Wieser, Charlotte L DeVitre, et al.

Published: 2025-03-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Volcanic evolution in ocean island settings is often controlled by variations in the chemistry and volumetric flux of magma from an underlying mantle plume. In locations such as Hawaiʻi or Réunion, this results in predictable variations in magma chemistry, the rate of volcanic activity, and the depth of magma storage with volcanic age and/or distance from the center of plume upwelling. These [...]

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