Preprints
There are 4595 Preprints listed.
Wave Scattering by an Isolated Cyclogeostrophic Vortex
Published: 2024-02-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The propagation paths of oceanic internal tides are influenced by their interactions with vortices. We examine the scattering effect that an isolated vortex in (cyclo)geostrophic balance has on a rotating shallow-water plane wave. We run a suite of simulations in which we vary the non-dimensional vorticity of the vortex, $Ro$, the relative scale of the vortex size to the Rossby radius of [...]
Sea-level oscillations within the Last Interglacial: insights from coral reef stratigraphic forward modelling
Published: 2024-02-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Understanding past sea-level variations is essential to constrain future patterns of sea-level rise in response to warmer climate conditions. Due to good preservation and the possibility to use various geochemical methods to date fossil sea-level index points, the Last Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage, MIS, 5e, 130-116 ka) is often regarded as one of the best climate analogs for a future warmer [...]
The effect of global and regional solar shading on climate: A simulation study
Published: 2024-02-23
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
The potential climate impact of solar geoengineering is examined using climate model simulations by artificially reducing the incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. Climate scenario simulations indicate that a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (2xCO2) induces a surface temperature rise which is amplified over the poles primarily during the respective winter. The warming also [...]
Exposure to Climate Events and Mental Health: Risk and Protective Factors from the California Health Interview Survey
Published: 2024-02-22
Subjects: Public Health
There is increasing awareness of the effects of climate change on mental health, but more work on understanding risk and protective factors is needed. The 2021 California Health Interview Survey included new questions about exposure to extreme weather events and mental health responses. This study aims to identify how individual factors and neighborhood social cohesion are associated with [...]
Trends, cycles and seasonality in rainfall, temperature, NDVI, DMI and SOI in the Greater Mara-Serengeti Ecosystem: Insights for biodiversity conservation
Published: 2024-02-22
Subjects: Biodiversity
Understanding climate and vegetation trends and variations is essential for conservation planning and ecosystem management. These elements are shaped by regional manifestations of global climate change, impacting biodiversity conservation and dynamics. In the southern hemisphere, global climate change is partially reflected through trends in the hemispheric El Niño-Southern Oscillation (SOI) and [...]
CHIRICAHUA Field Report 2021-2023 - Sky Islands and the Desert Southwest An Independent Ecological Study
Published: 2024-02-22
Subjects: Desert Ecology, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences
This Chiricahua Field Report is a combination of collected data and field observations that began in November 2021 and continued on until May 2023. The Report is about ecology and connections of life. It contains information on 400+ trees in 10 diverse ecosystems including the Madrean Sky Islands and the Riparian zones of ancient sea valleys in SE Arizona. Recent season changes, warming, fires, [...]
The effects of precursory velocity changes on earthquake nucleation and stress evolution in dynamic earthquake cycle simulations
Published: 2024-02-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismic velocity changes in earthquake cycles have been observed over a wide range of timescales and may be a good indicator of the onset of future earthquakes. Understanding the effects of precursory velocity changes right before seismic and slow-slip events could potentially elucidate the onset and timing of fault failure. We use numerical models to simulate fully dynamic earthquake cycles in [...]
Using computer vision to detect and segment fire behavior classifications in UAS-captured images
Published: 2024-02-21
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Forest Management, Natural Resources and Conservation
The widely adaptable capabilities of artificial intelligence, in particular deep learning and computer vision has led to significant research output regarding fire and smoke detection. Previous studies often focus on themes like early fire detection, increased operational awareness, and post-fire assessment. To further test the capabilities of deep learning detection in these scenarios, we [...]
The Potential for Fuel Reduction to Offset Climate Warming Impacts on Wildfire Intensity in California
Published: 2024-02-21
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Forest Management, Forest Sciences, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Statistics and Probability, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Probability, Statistical Methodology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability
Increasing fuel aridity due to climate warming has and will continue to increase wildfire danger in California. In addition to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, one of the primary proposals for counteracting this increase in wildfire danger is a widespread expansion of hazardous fuel reductions. Here, we quantify the potential for fuel reduction to reduce wildfire intensity using [...]
Chemical interdiffusion between Na-tephritic and phonolitic melts at different T, H2O and fO2
Published: 2024-02-21
Subjects: Geochemistry, Volcanology
The diffusive exchange of major elements in Na-series tephrite-phonolite diffusion couples with compositions relevant to Canary Islands magmatism were determined at 300 MPa and variable H2O concentrations (0.3 to 3.3 wt.%), temperature (1150 to 1300°C) and fO2 (NNO-1.5 to NNO+1.7). Composition-dependent effective binary diffusion coefficients (D) were determined from concentration-distance [...]
Abundance and type of microplastics along an urban density gradient in the Allander Water and River Kelvin, Greater Glasgow, Scotland
Published: 2024-02-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Microplastics have now been found in air, water, and soil, polluting a wide range of environments globally and presenting potential health threats to humans and other organisms. This study aimed to investigate the type and abundance of microplastics in two urban rivers in Glasgow, Scotland. Here we sampled sediments from the more suburban Allander Water and an urban reach of the River Kelvin, [...]
Early extensional salt tectonics controls deep-water sediment dispersal
Published: 2024-02-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Sedimentology
The impact of seafloor deformation on sediment routing during the initial phases of extensional salt tectonics is largely unresolved despite influencing the volume of coarse-grained clastic material delivered to the deep sea. Using 3D seismic reflection data from the northern Levant Basin offshore Lebanon, we investigate the interplay between early extension-related salt deformation and [...]
Landslide Regime Shift Detector (LRSD) for Landslide Early Warning Systems
Published: 2024-02-18
Subjects: Engineering
This research presents the development of a Landslide Regime Shift Detector (LRSD) which integrates advanced prediction models to provide insights into regime shifts within substantial landslide bodies. Our primary focus lies in the identification of these shifts, emphasizing that LRSD does not merely detect accelerations but discerns exceptional accelerations, defined in our context as [...]
Decoding the Dialogue Between Clouds and Land
Published: 2024-02-17
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
New research is challenging established assumptions about how clouds form and interact with Earth’s surface. One result may be better weather forecasts.
A hydromechanical EFG-based Model for Numerical Simulation of Land Subsidence Induced by Groundwater Extraction in Anisotropic Aquifers
Published: 2024-02-17
Subjects: Engineering
This study presents a coupled hydromechanical element-free Galerkin (EFG) model to simulate land subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal. The EFG algorithm was validated with unsaturated hydraulic and hydromechanical benchmark problems, showing satisfactory alignment with finite element method (FEM) and theoretical results. We inves-tigated the effects of groundwater pumping on land [...]