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Preprints

There are 5432 Preprints listed.

Recent rise of water levels of Lake Nakuru, Kenya: Unraveling the Changing Precipitation Regime and its Climatic Drivers

Rens Ampting, Ruud van der Ent, Nick van de Giesen, et al.

Published: 2025-01-20
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Meteorology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

The Kenyan Rift Valley has experienced an abrupt and significant rise in its lake levels since 2010, followed by a more rapid rise since 2020. This paper examines the dynamic changes in precipitation patterns and their climatic drivers in the Kenyan Rift Valley region from 1981 to 2021, focusing on Lake Nakuru. Notably, in 2010, a pivotal change point in precipitation aligns with the rising water [...]

Algal lipid distributions and hydrogen isotope ratios reflect phytoplankton community dynamics

Antonia Klatt, Cindy De Jonge, Daniel Nelson, et al.

Published: 2025-01-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Paleobiology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

Reconstructions of past changes in algal community composition provide important context for future alterations in biogeochemical cycling. However, many existing phytoplankton proxies are indicative of individual algal groups and are not fully representative of the whole community. Here, we evaluated hydrogen isotope ratios of algal lipids (δ2HLipid) as a potential proxy for phytoplankton [...]

Untangling microfibres: Pervasive plastic pollution in submarine canyons

Edward Keavney, Ian Kane, Michael Andrew Clare, et al.

Published: 2025-01-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Submarine canyons are important conduits for microplastic transport to the deep sea via turbidity currents. However, other near-bed oceanographic flows and sub-seafloor processes may play an important role in the transport and burial of microplastics. We use sediment push-cores for microplastic and sediment grain-size analysis from two transects across the Whittard Canyon, UK, to show that [...]

Changes in physical properties of rocks during serpentinization and implications for natural hydrogen exploration

Yashee Mathur, Tapan Mukerji

Published: 2025-01-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology

Serpentinization, transforms the physical properties of ultramafic rocks, with significant implications for natural hydrogen exploration. This study compiles and analyzes over 1,000 samples from diverse geological settings to elucidate relationships between rock properties—such as density, seismic velocities, elastic moduli, porosity, and magnetic susceptibility—and the degree of [...]

Philanthropy’s Role in Supporting Community-Level Climate Action in Atlantic Canada: Opportunities and Challenges

Edmund Yirenkyi

Published: 2025-01-17
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences

This review explores how philanthropy contributes to climate action in Atlantic Canada, a region facing threats from extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and scarcity of resources that impact local communities. While public and private sector funding is vital, philanthropy offers unique opportunities to support localized, innovative climate solutions. This review explores the current [...]

Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on Community Sustainability in Atlantic Canada: A Transdisciplinary Approach

Edmund Yirenkyi

Published: 2025-01-17
Subjects: Education, Social and Behavioral Sciences

This paper examines the significant impacts of climate change on community sustainability in Atlantic Canada, particularly for vulnerable populations. Rising temperatures and sea levels threaten livelihoods, infrastructure, and ecosystems, necessitating a transformative approach to avoid maladaptation. Current strategies primarily rooted in natural sciences and economic models lack the [...]

Influence and Prediction of Planetary Orbital Changes on Earth's Atmospheric Water Vapor Variations

Longhao Xu, Kebiao Mao, Sayed M. Bateni, et al.

Published: 2025-01-17
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A few people have gradually realized that the superposition effect of different planets in the solar system on Earth under high-speed motion and dynamic equilibrium can sometimes trigger extreme natural disasters. Due to the relatively regular changes in the relative positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth, this study considers these three planets as independent systems. The orbits of other planets [...]

Updated high-resolution climate projections for Ireland

Paul Nolan

Published: 2025-01-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Climate change poses a significant risk to Ireland’s economy, society and environment, and therefore it is imperative that planners and policymakers are adequately informed about future climate change so that appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures can be implemented. The main objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of climate change on the future climate of Ireland using [...]

Shallow fault zone structure affects rupture dynamics and ground motions of the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence to regional distances

Nico Schliwa, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Yehuda Ben-Zion

Published: 2025-01-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Seismic faults are surrounded by damaged rocks with reduced rigidity and enhanced attenuation. These damaged fault zone structures can amplify seismic waves and affect earthquake dynamics, yet they are typically omitted in physics-based regional ground motion simulations. We report on the significant effects of a shallow, flower-shaped fault zone in foreshock-mainshock 3D dynamic rupture models [...]

On the Definition of an Independent Stochastic Model for InSAR Time Series

Wietske S Brouwer, Ramon Hanssen

Published: 2025-01-16
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

InSAR enables the estimation of displacements of (objects on) the Earth’s surface. To provide reliable estimates, both an independent stochastic and functional model are re- quired. However, the intrinsic problem of InSAR is that both are unknown. Here we propose an independent definition of the stochastic model, via an approximation scheme for the variance- covariance matrix for [...]

OceanTracker 0.5: Fast Adaptable Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Structured and Unstructured Grids

Ross Vennell, Laurin Steidle, Malcolm Smeaton, et al.

Published: 2025-01-16
Subjects: Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Particle tracking is frequently used to compute particle movements within hydrodynamic ocean models; however, modelling millions of particles is computationally challenging. OceanTracker is designed to minimise the time required to obtain results from particle tracking. Firstly, by being computationally fast, it enables users to scale to large numbers of particles, thus obtaining better [...]

Hypereutrophication, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Environmental Injustices: Mechanisms and Knowledge Gaps at the Salton Sea

Diego Centeno, Ryan Sinclair, Quinn Montgomery, et al.

Published: 2025-01-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Studies, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Salton Sea, California’s largest lake, is undergoing significant environmental degradation, which has adverse health effects on nearby rural communities, who are primarily Latinx and Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indian. Over the past two decades, the lake’s water levels have steadily dropped. Water conditions in the Sea, characterized by low oxygen and high nutrient levels, favor the [...]

Spatio-temporal analysis of the extremes of precipitation and temperature in the capital cities of India

Manjari Singh, Mathieu Ouedraogo, Ajeet Singh Nain

Published: 2025-01-15
Subjects: Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics

This study presents an analysis of extreme temperature and precipitation events in the capital cities of India during 40-years study period (1982-2022). Daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall from NASA-POWER were used to compute climate extreme indices, recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) and Expert Team on Sector-Specific Climate [...]

UrbanTALES: A Comprehensive LES Dataset for Urban Canopy Layer Turbulence Analyses and Parameterization Development

Negin Nazarian, Jiachen Lu, Mathew Lipson, et al.

Published: 2025-01-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The urban canopy layer (UCL) exhibits complex, heterogeneous flow patterns shaped by urban geometry. Traditionally, research has relied on microscale simulations over limited and often idealized building arrays, leaving a need for more extensive datasets to capture the dynamics across diverse urban neighborhoods. Responding to this gap, we developed an extensive dataset, known hereafter as [...]

Intensifying risk of mass human heat mortality if historical weather patterns recur

Christopher Callahan, Jared Trok, Andrew Wilson, et al.

Published: 2025-01-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The potential death toll of worst-case extreme heat events is crucial for climate risk analysis and adaptation planning. We estimate this quantity for Europe using machine learning to calculate the intensity of historical heat waves if they occur at present or future global temperatures, combined with empirical exposure-response functions to quantify the resulting mortality. Each event is [...]

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