Preprints
There are 7421 Preprints listed.
Detecting industrial ammonia and ethylene point sources with the thermal bands of Landsat 8 and 9
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences
Industrial point sources of ammonia (NH₃) and ethylene (C₂H₄) are poorly constrained in current inventories, in part because satellites tend to offer either fine spatial detail or frequent revisits. We show that the two thermal-infrared bands of the Landsat 8 and 9 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), though built for land-surface monitoring, can detect and spatially resolve such plumes at 100 m [...]
Quantifying Watershed Criticality via Deep Learning and Explainable AI for Groundwater Resilience
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Groundwater is a vital freshwater resource that supports drinking water supply, agricultural sustainability, ecosystem functioning, and drought resilience. As water scarcity and climate change impacts intensify, sustainable groundwater management plays an important role in groundwater management, with groundwater storage (GWS) acting as a key indicator of groundwater resilience. This study [...]
Unraveling the mechanisms behind the triple isotopic composition of dissolved oxygen
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Life Sciences
Estimating the evolution of biospheric oxygen production through time is a major challenge. The triple oxygen isotope composition of molecular oxygen (17Δ) has been proposed as a tracer of this production, as it integrates contributions from marine (17Δocean) and terrestrial (17Δterr) biospheric oxygen. The recent implementation of 17Δocean in the intermediate-complexity climate model iLOVECLIM [...]
Predicting the resistivity signature of internal erosion in freshwater embankment dams: anomaly polarity, detectability, and a full-scale benchmark
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Engineering
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a standard tool for embankment-dam inspection, and low-resistivity anomalies are conventionally read as leakage or internal erosion. High-resistivity signatures of internal erosion have been reported repeatedly but never derived from petrophysical first principles. We show why: for the freshwater reservoirs and clayey cores of most inland dams, about 97 [...]
Wrack as a Roughness Element: Nonlinear Controls on Wind Reduction and Sediment Deposition in a Coastal Dune System
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Geomorphology
Coastal dunes are shaped by interactions among wind, sediment supply, and surface roughness elements. While vegetation is widely recognized as a driver of aeolian sediment dynamics, beach wrack remains understudied despite its frequent occurrence on sandy coastlines. This study investigated how wrack modifies airflow and influences sediment deposition. Paired 2D anemometers positioned upwind and [...]
Geometrical Assessment of Climate Models in the Drake Passage Using Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Drake Passage is a narrow oceanic bottleneck that also acts as a geographic constriction. Here, both2 the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Southern Westerly Winds are forced through a topographic gap3 between the Andes and the Antarctic Peninsula, reducing the system’s effective degrees of freedom. This4 study applies Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis (M-SSA) to three surface [...]
A Bayesian Inversion for the Generation of Felsic Archean Crust
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology
Archean continental crust is compositionally distinct from post-Archean continental crust; its felsic components predominantly comprise the tonalite, trondhjemite, and granodiorite suite, while its mafic components record evidence of secular mantle cooling. Although the geochemistry of these rocks have been well characterized, the production of Archean felsic magmas remains contested because the [...]
How Pre-Existing Strength Heterogeneities and Differential Extension Shaped Rift Initiation and Propagation in the South China Sea: An Analog Perspective
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Continental rifting rarely occurs synchronously along strike and with uniform width. Instead, it commonly involves diachronous, progressive opening and rift propagation resulting in V-shaped rifts. Rotational, scissor‐like opening is a common model explaining V‐shaped rifts near plate tectonic rotational poles with steep extension gradients along-strike. However, the mechanisms driving V‐shaped [...]
Ground Motion Model Incorporating Azimuthal Dependence on Topographic Effects in Japan
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Engineering
Conventional topographic terms in ground motion models (GMMs) typically characterize topographic effects using site-specific parameters such as relative elevation, curvature, or slope. This study demonstrates that topographic response is influenced by source-to-site geometry, specifically the incidence direction with respect to the slope aspect. Utilizing 15,189 records from 641 Kiban–Kyoshin [...]
Clay Characterization of Tiller Flotten Quick Clay
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Mineral Physics, Other Earth Sciences, Soil Science
In this study, we investigate the mineralogical and physicochemical properties of the Tiller–Flotten quick clay formation in Trondheim, Norway. The objective is to enhance our understanding of particle interactions within this quick clay system, thereby contributing to the development of more environmentally friendly stabilization strategies. A comprehensive suite of analytical techniques was [...]
Merge Satellite and Gauge Daily Precipitation Data for Areas with Sparse-Gauge and Rugged Terrain: A High-Accuracy Gridded Dataset CGS01 (2000-2024) across China
Published: 2026-07-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
High-precision quantiffcation of regional precipitation is the foundation of watershed water balance analysis and water resources management. However, current approaches are hindered by methodological diversity and inconsistent results, with limited accuracy, especially in gauge-sparse regions and areas with drastic topographic relief. This study proposes a dual thin-plate spline (TPS) fusion [...]
FloodOps Twin: A Role-Based Spatial Intelligence Digital Twin for Reducing Cognitive Overload in Urban Flood Emergency Operations
Published: 2026-07-01
Subjects: Engineering
Rapid-onset urban flooding generates significant operational challenges for Emergency Operation Centers (EOCs), where decision-makers must interpret large volumes of heterogeneous hydrological, infrastructural, and transportation data under severe time constraints. Existing flood dashboards frequently rely on centralized visualization paradigms that expose all users to the same high-density [...]
Deep learning methods for the simulation and optimization of shallow geothermal energy systems
Published: 2026-07-01
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computational Engineering, Geology, Natural Resources Management and Policy
Shallow geothermal energy (SGE) systems are crucial for decarbonizing the heating and cooling sector. Their planning, design and operation, however, rely on the simulation of heat transport in the subsurface, a task that is computationally demanding and particularly prohibitive for multi-query applications such as sensitivity analysis and optimization. Deep learning (DL) has recently emerged as a [...]
Increasing lithium mining could threaten endemic species in biodiversity hotspots
Published: 2026-07-01
Subjects: Biodiversity, Environmental Sciences, Sustainability
Electric vehicles (EVs) are being rapidly deployed as a technological solution to the climate crisis. However, mineral extraction to supply EV battery production can cause serious environmental damage, threatening ecosystems and biodiversity from local to global scales. Lithium, a key EV battery component, is experiencing an enormous mining boom, which could drive species population declines and [...]
Data-Driven Extraction of Spatiotemporal Causal Networks of Extreme Snowfall Based on Long-Term Observations in the Japanese Archipelago
Published: 2026-07-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics and long-term trends of extreme weather events is crucial for climate risk assessment. However, extracting causal network structures and underlying trends from observational data remains challenging due to large-scale common influences, spurious correlations, and historical missing values. In this study, we propose a generalized data-driven framework for [...]