Preprints
There are 6197 Preprints listed.
Efficient Self-Attention Based Joint Optimization for Lithology and Petrophysical Parameter Estimation in the Athabasca Oil Sands
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology
Accurately identifying lithology and petrophysical parameters, such as porosity and water saturation, are essential in reservoir characterization. Manual interpretation of well-log data, the conventional approach, is not only labor-intensive but also susceptible to human errors. To address these challenges of lithology identification and petrophysical parameter estimation in the Athabasca Oil [...]
FLOCCULATION, GRAVITY FLOWS, AND TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON HOTSPOTS IN LAKE: INSIGHTS FROM FLUME EXPERIMENTS
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Lakes serve as one of the significant sinks for organic carbon. For lake deposits, it is generally accepted that water depth is a primary control on the spatial distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) accumulation because the deeper part of a lake potentially has a higher organic population to be settled. However, lake TOC distribution is often spatially variable regardless of water depth, and [...]
DOZER: a toy model of coastal hazard mitigation during a storm
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Dynamical Systems, Geomorphology, Nature and Society Relations, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Other Environmental Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Science and Mathematics Education, Sustainability
Motivated by observations of emergency road-maintenance crews in coastal settings, DOZER is a video game in which the player uses a bulldozer to clear sand from a beachfront road during a storm. DOZER is also a toy model in a formal sense: a heuristic tool for insight into the dynamics of real-time intervention in the physical processes of a natural hazard. Here, I introduce DOZER as both a game [...]
Impact of sources and form of Mg on oyster shell Mg/Ca
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Geochemistry
Mg/Ca in bivalve shells has been investigated as a promising temperature proxy, but several studies reported compositional shifts that hamper its accuracy. In particular, several models linking shell Mg/Ca and temperature have been published and an empirical difference in the seasonal amplitudes of shell Mg/Ca has been observed between two types of environmental settings: river output, open [...]
The sizes and shapes of plastics in rivers
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Limited data exists on physical and geometric properties of river litter. To resolve this, we reveal the physical-structural relationships of river litter, using two of the most comprehensive datasets generated to date. First, we dissect the properties of river litter using a detailed dataset of over 14,000 riverbank items, for which their dimensions (longest L₁, intermediate L₂, shortest L₃) and [...]
Adverse Climate: Addressing Inclusion and Diversity Issues in the IPCC's Sixth Assessment and beyond
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
In this essay, we reflect on what it means for the scientific community to collaborate effectively in global scientific assessments, drawing on our experience within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and with relevance beyond the IPCC to many other scientific collaborations. We amplify IPCC author voices through lived-experience narratives that reveal how systemic barriers [...]
Evaluating the potential of SMART subsea cable pressure sensors to constrain Subpolar North Atlantic circulation variability through Observing System Simulation Experiments
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Bolstering global ocean observing infrastructure is critical for understanding, quantifying, and predicting Earth’s climate variability and change. While new observing technologies are in development, their deployment and calibration often span years before becoming fully operational. This study evaluates one such system: SMART (Science Monitoring And Reliable Telecommunications) Subsea Cables, [...]
Coastal groundwater level trends reveal global susceptibility to seawater intrusion
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Coastal groundwater is a vital source of freshwater that is threatened by overabstraction and rising sea levels. Yet, our understanding of where global coastal groundwater levels (GWLs) are declining and what regions are susceptible to future seawater intrusion (SWI) remains limited. Here, we present the first global, observation-based assessment of coastal GWL trends, using more than 550,000 [...]
A Hybrid Iron/Green-Rust-Urea Model for Prebiotic Chemistry: A Synthesis of Testable Pathways for Planetary Astrobiology
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Planetary Geochemistry, Planetary Geology, Planetary Hydrology, Planetary Sciences
We propose a quantitative, testable framework for abiogenesis that links submarine alkaline vents, which supply H₂, ΔpH, and Fe/Fe–S catalysis, to subaerial hot-spring fields that provide wet–dry concentration and UV-driven photoredox chemistry. To bridge dilution between environments, we specify mobile “holding pens” (green-rust/iron flocs, silica mats, pumice rafts, and sea-surface [...]
Exomorphic Catalysis: A Discipline Dedicated to Energetic Disequilibria and the Activation of Life-Potential in Non-Terrestrial Environments
Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
This white paper introduces exomorphic catalysis as a proposed discipline distinct from astrobiology and planetary engineering. Exomorphic catalysis investigates catalytic processes and energy disequilibria in planetary systems without assuming biology as the outcome, focusing instead on the conditions that enable or amplify self-sustaining chemical activation. The framework rests on three [...]
South Atlantic Anomaly Influence on Jet‑Stream Dynamics and Surface Climate
Published: 2025-09-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physics
This work proposes a novel causal framework for recent climate change, departing fundamentally from greenhouse-gas-centric models. The central hypothesis is that the primary driver of global warming and biospheric stress is the degradation of Earth’s magnetic shielding—most clearly manifested in the progressive enlargement of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), expanding ~5% per two decades within [...]
Massive High-Fidelity Focal Mechanisms Reveal Detailed Structure of Re-Activated Faults During Hydraulic Fracturing in Western Canada
Published: 2025-09-14
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Microseismic focal mechanism solutions (FMSs) are essential for understanding reservoir stress changes and rock fracturing during hydraulic fracturing. While machine learning has shown strong performance in seismic data processing tasks, including phase picking and magnitude estimation, as well as identifying P-wave first-motion polarity for moderate to large earthquakes to invert FMSs, its [...]
Hydrologic Implications for Seasonally Draining Lakes in the Central Oregon Cascades
Published: 2025-09-12
Subjects: Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The hydrogeology of volcanic terrain exhibits characteristics that reflect both a legacy of volcanic construction and transient evolution of bedrock hydraulic conductivity on million year timescales. Here, we study a drainage basin in the Central Oregon High Cascades in which Holocene lava flows dammed streams, creating seasonal lakes that fill with the spring snowmelt, and drain completely over [...]
Economic and Environmental Comparison of Open Field and Screenhouse Vegetable Farming in Nigeria
Published: 2025-09-12
Subjects: Agriculture
This study compares screenhouse, rainfed, and irrigated vegetable farming systems in Northwest Nigeria, focusing on their economic and environmental performance. Screenhouse farming demonstrates superior yield, cost-efficiency, and sustainability, producing up to 90% more saleable output than rainfed systems and using over 95% less water per kilogram of produce. Although initial investment is [...]
Stress interactions between earthquakes and volcanoes in South Iceland: Application to Eyjafjallajökull and Katla
Published: 2025-09-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
South Iceland contains some of Iceland´s best-known volcanoes (Hekla, Katla, and Eyjafjallajökull) as well as one of its two main seismic zones, namely the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ). The part of the SISZ that produces continuous microseismicity is a 70-km-long and 10-20-km wide zone, located between the active volcanic zones referred to as the West Volcanic Zone and East Volcanic Zones. [...]