Preprints
There are 7187 Preprints listed.
From clay raw materials to ceramics: mineralogical and geochemical markers for assessing refinement technologies and provenance in north-western Tuscany (Italy)
Published: 2026-05-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the provenance and selection of ceramic raw materials is essential for reconstructing past technological practices and production networks. Twenty-four clay outcrops from geological formations and deposits located near documented production sites in north-western Tuscany (Italy) were sampled, refined into experimental briquettes, and fired. The samples were characterised using a [...]
Slow dynamics under high confining pressure in saturated sandstone with pore pressure
Published: 2026-05-15
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Mechanics of Materials
Slow dynamics is a time-dependent, nonlinear elastic behavior occurring in a variety of consolidated or damaged materials, including rocks. The influence of relative humidity and confining pressure on slow dynamics has been studied, but not that of full saturation and effective pressure. We show that slow dynamics is occurring under high confining pressure in fluid-saturated sandstone, if the [...]
Kaolin as a potential lithium source: a preliminary study of the Torniella ceramic raw material deposit (southern Tuscany)
Published: 2026-05-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Torniella ceramic raw material deposit (southern Tuscany) is hosted within highly altered rhyolites of the Tertiary Tuscan magmatic province. Locally, kaolinite-rich veins occur, consisting of more 80% kaolinite, with minor quartz and traces of svanbergite, SrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6. The bulk vein material shows interesting lithium (Li) contents, ranging from 1600 to 3700 mg/kg, with local [...]
A Vertical Equilibrium Model for CO2 Migration in Depleted Gas Fields
Published: 2026-05-14
Subjects: Engineering
This study extends the vertical equilibrium (VE) modeling framework to simulate multi-phase flow involving CO₂, methane, and brine in depleted gas reservoirs. Methane presence introduces complexity not captured in traditional VE models. The proposed model integrates a black-oil approximation with VE assumptions, reducing dimensionality and enabling rapid simulation of large-scale CO₂ injection. [...]
Drying summers threaten western North American river ecosystems and a keystone migratory fish
Published: 2026-05-14
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
Climate change threatens river ecosystems by altering the seasonal streamflow patterns to which aquatic species have adapted, including keystone species like Chinook salmon in western North America. Chinook salmon display diverse life-history adaptations to local hydrologic regimes, contributing to their past resilience but leaving locally adapted populations vulnerable to changing conditions. [...]
Pakistan's Orographic Ladder: Terrain-Constrained Water Potential and the Atmospheric Mechanism Suppressing It
Published: 2026-05-14
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Hydrology
Pakistan's north-south topographic gradient, 0 m at the Arabian Sea coast rising to 8,611 m at K2 across five distinct ridge systems, represents one of the largest orographic condensation machines on the planet. The terrain's theoretical water yield, set by Arabian Sea moisture flux and ridge geometry alone, far exceeds what Pakistan currently captures. We show that a single atmospheric variable, [...]
Can AlphaEarth Foundations Redefine the Paradigm of Gridded Population Mapping? A Systematic Evaluation across 18 Global Cities and Large-Scale Mapping Applications
Published: 2026-05-14
Subjects: Computational Engineering
Population mapping typically relies on census data and its update cycles, and is further constrained by manual feature engineering and limited cross-regional generalization. AlphaEarth Foundations (AEF) provides globally consistent, analysis-ready 64-dimensional annual surface embeddings, offering a new data foundation for reducing dependence on frequent census updates and enabling more [...]
Emerging climate–yield re-coupling in overexploited date palm oases: satellite evidence from a 22-year temporal decoupling index in southern Tunisia
Published: 2026-05-13
Subjects: Engineering
Southern Tunisia's date palm oases have quadrupled production over two decades while extracting fossil groundwater at more than twice the sustainable rate, a trajectory whose consequences remain undetected by conventional monitoring. We analysed the 2002–2024 satellite, climate, and ground record across four governorates to test whether this irrigation buffer — the aquifer's capacity to absorb [...]
swmm-breach: Probabilistic dam-breach hydrograph forecasting integrated with EPA SWMM and PCSWMM
Published: 2026-05-13
Subjects: Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology
The U.S. EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and its commercial extension PCSWMM are among the most widely deployed open-source urban-hydrology engines worldwide, but neither provides a native facility for simulating embankment-dam, detention-basin, or lagoon failure. Practitioners working on dam-adjacent SWMM models typically generate a breach hydrograph in HEC-RAS, losing their SWMM network [...]
Multidimensional Inconsistency in Forest Ecosystem Representation: An NLP-Assisted Thematic Review
Published: 2026-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography
Forest ecosystem monitoring increasingly relies on multisensor remote sensing approaches integrating optical imagery, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and LiDAR observations to assess biomass, degradation, and ecosystem condition. However, these systems frequently generate inconsistent representations of the same ecosystem due to differences in sensor sensitivity, ecological complexity, scale [...]
Geodynamic Model Description for Ptolemy’s Germania Magna
Published: 2026-05-13
Subjects: Analysis, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Dynamical Systems, Dynamic Systems, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Mathematics, Other Applied Mathematics, Other Astrophysics and Astronomy, Other Earth Sciences, Other Planetary Sciences, Planetary Geology, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, The Sun and the Solar System, Volcanology
This model proposes that the well-documented geodynamic and climatic disruption of the 6th century AD involved a reactivation of the ancient Caledonian Deformation Front (CDF) and the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ), most likely triggered by cosmic events in the form of impacts or airbursts. Large-scale inversion tectonics, driven by Alpine compressive forces, are argued to have caused [...]
Orthomagmatic Ni-Cu-Au-PGE mineralisation in Ireland and Northern Ireland: A review of historic exploration and future prospectivity
Published: 2026-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology
Platinum group elements (PGEs) are essential constituents in established and emerging green technologies, yet European supply is dominated by a small number of very large deposits, necessitating the identification of alternative domestic sources. Most economic mineralisation is associated with orthomagmatic Ni-Cu-Au-PGE systems, where chalcophile elements are concentrated within sulphide minerals [...]
A Blueprint for Integrated Climate Intelligence
Published: 2026-05-13
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Planetary Sciences, Sustainability
Climate information is advancing faster than the decision systems designed to use it. Emergency response operates on timescales of hours, whereas societal adaptation unfolds over decades. Yet climate science, impact assessment and policy remain poorly integrated, limiting coherent action across timescales. We argue that artificial intelligence should be developed not only as a domain-specific [...]
ENSO-conditioned evolution of global mean surface temperature
Published: 2026-05-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Here we examined how the June--May trajectory of global mean surface temperature (GMST) can be anticipated from recent GMST evolution and upcoming boreal winter Ni\~no-3.4 values. Principal component analysis and dimension reduction of the data led to a simple, interpretable model in which the June--May monthly GMST trajectory is conditioned on two quantities: the average GMST of the prior 12 [...]
Causal analyses reveal changing land-atmosphere patterns and soil moisture control under warming
Published: 2026-05-12
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology
Climate change is projected to modify the global water cycle and land-atmosphere interactions. However, warming-induced changes in multivariate dependence remain insufficiently explored. Here we examine the interdependence among temperature, precipitable water, precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, and runoff in all five earth system models within the latest IPCC CMIP6 ensembles that [...]