Preprints
There are 5432 Preprints listed.
A Proposal to Create a Single Global Cap-and-Trade Scheme to Ensure a Ceiling on Gross CO2 Emissions below a Pre-set Allowable Carbon Budget
Published: 2025-01-02
Subjects: Environmental Studies
It is time for faithful and trustworthy world leaders to lead in establishing a “Global Cap-and-Trade regulatory framework” to change our course promptly. This framework aims to establish an institutional mechanism that ensures steadily decreasing global emission limits. The Scheme regulates upstream entities that import or produce fossil fuels, with the initiation of countries that share the [...]
Monthly Sea-Surface Temperature, Sea Ice, and Sea-Level Pressure over 1850–2023 from Coupled Data Assimilation
Published: 2025-01-02
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Historical observations of Earth's climate underpin our knowledge and predictions of climate variability and change. However, the observations are incomplete and uncertain, and existing datasets based on these observations typically do not assimilate observations simultaneously across different components of the climate system, yielding inconsistencies that limit understanding of coupled climate [...]
Sea level rise submergence simulations suggest substantial deterioration of Indian River Lagoon ecosystem services by 2050, Florida, U.S.A.
Published: 2025-01-02
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
The Indian River Lagoon is a 250-km long Estuary of National Significance located along the east central Florida coast of the USA. NOAA tidal records generated at a station located in the central reaches of the estuary indicate sea level rise has accelerated over the past 20 years to an average of 9.6 ± 1.6 mm yr−1 (2003–2022) and it is expected to continue accelerating over the duration of this [...]
Disentangling impact ejecta dynamics using micro–X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF): a case study from the terrestrial Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary
Published: 2024-12-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study presents a non-destructive geochemical and petrographic workflow to generate high-resolution chemostratigraphic records across key stratigraphic intervals, here exemplified by a terrestrial Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary sequence. The geochemical records fingerprint specific Chicxulub related impact ejecta products and thereby further constrain the timeline of ejecta deposition. [...]
HydroLang FRAM: Web-Based Framework for Comprehensive Flood Risk and Mitigation Assessment and Communication
Published: 2024-12-31
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
As the frequency and impact of floods continue to rise, real-time systems for assessment and sharing flood risk and mitigation information are crucial for proactive stakeholder engagement, effective decision-making, and public education on flood risks. This study introduces an innovative web-based framework designed to revolutionize access and utilization of flood information for flood risk and [...]
L-Band Radiometric Measurement of Liquid Water in Greenland's Firn: Comparative Analysis with In Situ Measurements and Modeling
Published: 2024-12-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology
The addition and refreezing of liquid water to Greenland's accumulation area are increasingly important processes for assessing the ice sheet’s present and future mass balance, but uncertain initial conditions, complex infiltration physics, and limited field data pose challenges. Satellite-based L-band radiometry offers a promising new tool for observing liquid water in the firn layer, although [...]
Chromium Isotopes: A Window into Atmospheric Oxygenation
Published: 2024-12-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Chromium (Cr) isotopes are pivotal proxies for understanding Earth’s atmospheric oxygenation history. This review highlights δ53Cr signatures as tools for reconstructing redox dynamics during events like the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) and the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event (NOE). Advances in analytical techniques, particularly multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [...]
Site Planning for a Network of Government-operated Weather Stations in the Dominican Republic Using Zonal Statistics from Geospatial Sources, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, and Neighborhood Analysis
Published: 2024-12-30
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Remote Sensing, Spatial Science
Many weather station networks lack sufficient representativeness, and their station density is often inadequate to capture spatial and climatic variability effectively. Optimal site selection is therefore essential to enhance spatial coverage and improve data quality. This study proposes a methodology for identifying optimal sites for a meteorological station network in the Dominican Republic, [...]
Interpretability on agile machine learning models for hydrological predictions: A case study in the mega-disaster in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in May 4 2024
Published: 2024-12-30
Subjects: Hydrology
In May 2024, the region of the Rio Grande do Sul state experienced one of the worst floods in Brazilian history, affecting millions and causing severe damage to infrastructure. This study applies an agile hydrological forecasting approach using methods from traditional time-series models, such as ARIMA and SARIMA, and machine learning (ML) models, such as ElasticNet and LASSO. Data from [...]
The effects of stress gradients on faulting and dike emplacement, with applications to Santorini and Iceland
Published: 2024-12-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
All tectonic rock fractures develop in response to local stresses. The stress conditions for fracture formation has been analysed theoretically and experimentally and used to explain fracture patterns and activity in the field. How the local stresses themselves are generated, and then modified through fracture development, has received less attention. Here I show how local stress fields arise [...]
Beyond Boundary Lines: Emerging Innovative Trends in Geospatial Data for Decision-Making
Published: 2024-12-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As technology and the use of data innovates and iterates by the second, so does the use and implementation of geospatial data into decision-making processes across the globe. The use of geospatial data is intertwined in every part of life with technology, from accessing bank transactions to adaptive navigational systems. This literature review identifies new and evolving trends in the use of [...]
Cambrian foreland phosphogenesis in the Khuvsgul Basin of Mongolia
Published: 2024-12-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Ediacaran-Cambrian phosphorite deposits in northern Mongolia have been associated with a putative increase in nutrient delivery to the global oceans that drove oxygenation and the rise of animals. However, like many phosphorites from this ~130 Myr interval, the precise age and depositional setting of these deposits remain poorly constrained. Here, we integrate new geological mapping, [...]
AI-Driven Decision-Making for Water Resources Planning and Hazard Mitigation Using Automated Multi Agents
Published: 2024-12-26
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Computational Engineering, Computer and Systems Architecture, Computer Engineering, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Education, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Higher Education, Hydraulic Engineering, Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering, Risk Analysis, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, Systems Engineering, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Transportation Engineering
This project simulates the Multi-Hazard Tournament (MHT) framework, a decision support system designed for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, using AI agents to enhance decisionmaking processes for flood mitigation and water resource management. The objective of the framework is to develop optimal strategies for protecting water resources, habitats, and communities within a defined budget. The [...]
A 3D Darcy-scale reactive transport modeling of experimental wormhole formation in limestone under geological CO2 storage conditions
Published: 2024-12-26
Subjects: Transport Phenomena
Geologic CO2 storage is projected to play a key role in mitigating the climate change crisis. Changes in pore structure and hydraulic properties are likely to occur in carbonate rocks when they interact with CO2 as an acid-producing agent, potentially affecting CO2 flow and storage behavior in the subsurface. Here, we combine laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of CO2-saturated water [...]
Variation of climate and its temporal shifts across an altitudinal gradient of tropical rainforests of Sri Lanka
Published: 2024-12-25
Subjects: Forest Sciences
Climate and its variability strongly influence the structure and dynamics of tropical rainforests, a biome which is critical for regulation of the global climate. We characterized the climate of a series of rainforest plots in Sri Lanka across a wide altitudinal range (117 to 2132 m above sea level) during 1990-2018 and determined its temporal shifts from the climate of 1961-1989. Long-term [...]