Preprints

There are 5269 Preprints listed.

Building Resilient Sanitation Systems in Malawi: Pit-latrine Costs, Collapse, and Management

Rebekah Hinton, Modesta Banda Kanjaye, Christopher Macleod, et al.

Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Engineering

Despite widespread access to basic sanitation in Malawi, over 75% of the population lacks improved sanitation facilities. This national study investigates the resilience of pit-latrines across Malawi, focusing on the relationship between construction quality, facility lifespan, and collapse frequency. A survey of 268,000 pit-latrines revealed that high-quality latrines (lined and with a slab) [...]

Climate change projects and youth engagement: Empowerment and contested knowledge.

KOSTAS STAVRIANAKIS, JACOB A.E. NIELSEN, ZOE MORRISON

Published: 2024-10-19
Subjects: Environmental Studies

This study investigated youths’ empowerment through EU-funded climate change projects (CCPs) and the role that social research and public engagement have in that process. The importance of considering youth empowerment in a time of climate change is increasingly recognised. Youths are exposed to interrelated health, social, economic, and political vulnerabilities caused by climate change, but [...]

Controls on coastal saline groundwater across North America

Daniel Kretschmer, Holly Michael, Nils Moosdorf, et al.

Published: 2024-10-18
Subjects: Hydrology

Groundwater is crucial to sustaining coastal freshwater needs. About 32 million people in the coastal USA rely on groundwater as their primary water source. With rapidly growing coastal communities and increasing demands for fresh groundwater, understanding controls of continental-scale coastal groundwater salinity is critical. To investigate what hydrogeological factors (e.g., topography, [...]

Review of Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques: Lithium Redistribution By Pegmatite Weathering

vibha chauhan

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The rising popularity of lithium in battery technology and renewable power sources has thus turned attention to Li-Cs-Ta pegmatites for lithium. This review focuses on a description of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for studying lithium-repayment processes during the weathering of such pegmatites. Hyperspectral imaging has the potential to provide a non-destructive method to identify and map lithium [...]

Rising Temperatures Increase Risk of Soil Salinity and Land Degradation in Water-Scarce Regions

Isaac Kramer, Nadav Peleg, Yair Mau

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Soil Science, Sustainability, Water Resource Management

Climate change introduces significant uncertainty when assessing the risk of soil salinity in water-scarce regions. We combine a soil-water-salinity-sodicity model (SOTE) and a weather generator model (AWE-GEN) to develop a framework for studying salinity and sodicity dynamics under changing climate definitions. Using California’s San Joaquin Valley as a case study, we perform first-order [...]

deeptime: an R package that facilitates highly customizable visualizations of data over geological time intervals

William Gearty

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Stratigraphy

Data visualization is a key component of any scientific data analysis workflow and is vital for the summarization and dissemination of complex ideas and results. One common hurdle across the Earth Sciences and other scientific fields remains the effective and reproducible visualization of data over long time intervals (104 – 107 years). Here I introduce the R package deeptime, which provides [...]

EasyMP™: Diverse and environmentally relevant microplastic reference materials encompassing fragments and fibers

Oskar Hagelskjaer, Frederik Hagelskjær, Henar Margenat, et al.

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The field of microplastic (MP) research has expanded significantly since the terminology’s inception in 2004. Despite the exponential increase in studies, the availability of environmentally relevant MP reference materials (RMs) remains limited, and no certified MP RMs exist. This study addresses the need for diverse RMs by presenting data on MP RMs of fragments (10-100 µm) and fibers (50-1000 [...]

Phanerozoic thermochronology record of Afro-Arabia through space and time

Samuel C Boone, Malcolm McMillan, Maria-Laura Balestrieri, et al.

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Low-temperature thermochronology has been widely used in eastern Africa and Arabia (Afro-Arabia) to investigate the long-term thermal evolution of the crust in response to Phanerozoic tectonism. Yet, utilisation of this invaluable thermochronology record to inform numerical investigations into the long-term tectonothermal, geodynamic and landscape evolution of the region has been limited by the [...]

Understanding the Li resource of granite hosted geothermal brines using near surface measurements

Andrew David Robinson, Sanem Acikalin, Gavin Stewart, et al.

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability

Unprecedented demand for lithium (Li) is being driven by its use in electric vehicle batteries. Currently, the majority of Li comes from pegmatite mining and salar brines, however, new sources such as geothermal brines will be required to meet future demand. The North Pennines, Northern England has been found to host brines with lithium concentrations exceeding 90 mg/L at depths of 411 to 996 m. [...]

Unearthed from old soils: New records of Antarctic tardigrades, nematodes, and rotifers in the Prince Charles Mountains based on partial sequences of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I

Paul Czechowski, Nataliia Iakovenko, Krzysztof Zawierucha, et al.

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Biodiversity, Life Sciences

Despite only 0.3% of Antarctica being ice-free, those areas harbor diverse small organisms such as tardigrades, nematodes, and rotifers. The habitats of these cryptic organisms face threats from human activity, climate change, and pollution. Biodiversity surveys are essential for managing their protection and such surveys have been proven well possible in Antarctica using environmental DNA (eDNA) [...]

Seasonal variability of coccolith fluxes in sediment traps of the Perdido and Coatzacoalcos regions in the Southern Gulf of Mexico

Felipe de Jesús García-Romero, Juan Carlos Herguera García, Jörg Bollmann, et al.

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Marine Biology

We present new results of the coccolith fluxes in the Perdido and Coatzacoalcos regions of the Gulf of Mexico and explore the environmental variables that may control them. Two sediment trap moorings located at a water depth of 1100 m collected settling particles from June 2016 to July 2017. Both regions showed similar seasonal distributions in total coccolith fluxes, with the highest recorded [...]

Potential effects of coagulation processes on phytoplankton mortality in the Elbe estuary from a Lagrangian point of view

Laurin Steidle, Johannes Pein, Adrian Burd, et al.

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Oceanography, Water Resource Management

Within the Elbe estuary, a sudden change in depth occurs when the river enters the shipping channel in the Port of Hamburg. This change in depth correlates with a sharp decline in phytoplankton concentrations. This decline affects the estuarine food web and shifts the ecosystem from autotrophic to heterotrophic during the summer months. Previous studies have hypothesized that this collapse is [...]

Controls of Dynamic and Static Stress Changes and Aseismic Slip on Delayed Earthquake Triggering in Rate-and-State Simulations of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence

Jeena Yun, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Dave A May, et al.

Published: 2024-10-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Dynamic earthquake triggering often involves a time delay relative to the peak stress perturbation. In this study, we investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for delayed triggering. We compute detailed spatiotemporal changes in dynamic and static Coulomb stresses at the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest mainshock hypocenter, induced by the Mw 5.4 foreshock, using 3D dynamic rupture models. The [...]

Measures of deep-time terrestrial net ecosystem productivity and carbon sink function

Chris Mays, Richard V Tyson, Michael T Hren

Published: 2024-10-16
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Indicators of past biological productivity, or ‘palaeoproductivity proxies’, offer ways to indirectly measure Earth’s deep-time ecosystem and carbon cycle functioning. Given that plants have been the principal primary producers on land for hundreds of millions of years, the abundances of fossil plants in the rock record can indicate past changes in net terrestrial ecosystem productivity (NTEP). [...]

The evidence for open magmatic system processes recorded in the crystal cargoes of lunar basalts 10057, 12038, 12043, 15085, 15556, and 70017

A. J. Gawronska, C. L. McLeod, M. Loocke, et al.

Published: 2024-10-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Basaltic magmatism is fundamental to planetary evolution, and continues to be studied in depth on Earth. Terrestrial studies indicate that basaltic magmatic systems are generally comprised of a series of batches with distinct compositions, which can be stored at depth within crystal frameworks, creating mushes. The crystal cargos of magmas erupted from such systems record evidence of the mush [...]

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